-
8
-
-
84912681806
-
The use of piracy in Malayan waters
-
C.H. Alexandrowitz, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague
-
(1968)
Grotian Society Papers
, pp. 111-135
-
-
Rubin1
-
9
-
-
84912673802
-
-
Territorial waters Jurisdiction Act 1878, 41 & 42 Vict., C.90; ]D.H.N. Johnson
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
84912680277
-
General Treaty of Peace between France, Great Britain and Russia
-
Declaration of Paris
-
(1856)
British & Foreign State Papers
, vol.46
, pp. 26
-
-
-
16
-
-
84912657195
-
-
he emphasized the vitality of the law of piracy and that ‘While the occasions for invoking its rules are less frequent now than formerly, it may still be made a potent factor in preventing lawlessness upon the seas’; it belonged to ‘the law in reserve rather than to the law in history’ and could be invoked to stamp out seizure of rum running ships evading US liquor law.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
84900132269
-
Harvard Research in International Law, Draft Convention on Piracy with Comments
-
Supplement
-
(1932)
AJIL
, vol.26
, pp. 749
-
-
-
23
-
-
84862496513
-
Piracy in modern international law
-
Territorial waters Jurisdiction Act 1878, 41 & 42 Vict., C.90; for earlier acts see
-
(1957)
Grotius Society Transactions
, vol.43
, pp. 69
-
-
Johnson1
-
25
-
-
84912633519
-
-
The League of Nations Committee of Experts for the Progressive Codification of International Law so categorized it;
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
84912677532
-
-
note also
-
(1926)
AJIL
, vol.20
, pp. 223
-
-
-
34
-
-
0013312592
-
ILM
-
(1982)
ILM
, vol.21
, pp. 1245
-
-
-
38
-
-
84912660397
-
-
Universal jurisdiction has at various times remained controversial, however; ibid, p. 977
-
-
-
-
40
-
-
84912657130
-
-
Universal jurisdiction has at various times remained controversial, however; ibid, p. 977
-
-
-
-
42
-
-
84912641396
-
-
refer to piracy under municipal law as ‘piracy by analogy’, which has no claim to be universally recognized and point out that it must not be confused with true piracy. Nonetheless, it sometimes is — see in particular H.M. Advocate v. Cameron, and Others
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
84912649136
-
-
See for example the judgment of Lord Cameron in H.M. Advocate v. Cameron and Others, p 205.
-
-
-
-
47
-
-
84912656270
-
-
refer to piracy under municipal law as ‘piracy by analogy’, which has no claim to be universally recognized and point out that it must not be confused with true piracy. Nonetheless, it sometimes is — see in particular H.M. Advocate v. Cameron, and Others, H.M. Advocate v. Cameron, Cameron v. H.M. Advocate
-
-
-
-
49
-
-
84912638070
-
-
H.M. Advocate v. Cameron, p 204.
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
84912661100
-
-
H.M. Advocate v. Cameron, p 204.
-
-
-
-
51
-
-
84862496513
-
Piracy in modern international law
-
Territorial waters Jurisdiction Act 1878, 41 & 42 Vict., C.90; for earlier acts see
-
(1957)
Grotius Society Transactions
, vol.43
, pp. 68
-
-
Johnson1
-
52
-
-
84912649833
-
-
U.S. v. Smith. 18, U.S., 153 (1820).
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
84912673520
-
-
U.S. v. Brig. Malek Adhel Case, 43 U.S. 1844 (2 How) p 210.
-
-
-
-
61
-
-
84912683120
-
-
note 1, cites several authorities for the view that internal seizure can constitute piracy
-
-
-
-
64
-
-
84912677949
-
-
See U.S. v. Smith, 5 Wheat, 153 (1820). The Magellan Pirates 164 Eng. Rep. 47, 48 (Ecc. & Ad. 1853).
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
84912652957
-
The Huascar
-
Br. Parl. Pap., Peri No. 1, 1903
-
(1887)
Crete à Pierrot
, vol.30
, pp. 444
-
-
-
67
-
-
84912672393
-
Laws and Regulations on the Regime of the High Seas
-
U.N. Legis. Series
-
(1952)
passim
, vol.2 Vol,
-
-
-
68
-
-
84912656160
-
-
Johnson examined Republic of Bolivia v. Indemnity Mutual Marine Insurance Co., 1 K.B. (1909) 785. The Magellan Pirates;
-
-
-
-
69
-
-
84912639349
-
The Serhassan Pirates
-
166 E.R. 788., 22 Fel. 408
-
(1845)
The Ambrose Light
-
-
-
71
-
-
84912673981
-
International Agreement for Collective Measures against Piratical Attacks in the Mediterranean by Submarines, 14 September 1937
-
(1937)
UKTS
, Issue.38
-
-
-
73
-
-
84912644624
-
-
R. Genet, ‘The charge of piracy in the Spanish Civil War’, AJIL, pp 253–263;
-
-
-
-
74
-
-
84912645789
-
The Nyon arrangements, anonymous note
-
(1938)
BYIL
, vol.19
, pp. 198-208
-
-
-
75
-
-
84912681806
-
The use of piracy in Malayan waters
-
C.H. Alexandrowitz, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague
-
(1968)
Grotian Society Papers
, pp. 133
-
-
Rubin1
-
76
-
-
84912646258
-
-
concluded that Britain also manipulated the concept of piracy to suit its political ends in Malayan waters at the beginning of the 18th century to extend its control, creating a different regional international law for South-East Asia, He comments ‘once the concept of piracy had become so removed from universal applicability that it threatened to become merely an excuse for political action rather than a definitive legal justification for such action, the concept became more and more elusive as a matter of law’.
-
-
-
-
77
-
-
84912655157
-
-
The league of Nations Committee of Experts for the Progressive Codification of International Law so categorized it;
-
-
-
-
79
-
-
84912677532
-
-
(1926)
AJIL
, vol.20
, pp. 223
-
-
-
81
-
-
84900132269
-
Harvard Research in International Law, Draft Convention on Piracy with Comments
-
Supplement
-
(1932)
AJIL
, vol.26
, pp. 749
-
-
-
83
-
-
84912667470
-
-
UNTS, Vol 450, p 11.
-
-
-
-
87
-
-
0013312592
-
ILM
-
(1982)
ILM
, vol.21
, pp. 1245
-
-
-
89
-
-
84912659752
-
-
the draft did not set out a code but the basic principles for a general international convention on Piracy Sea and Air.
-
-
-
-
90
-
-
84882644812
-
The Archille Lauro affair — implications for international law
-
As, for example, proposed by, at pp 700–729.
-
(1985)
Tennessee Law Review
, vol.52
, pp. 691
-
-
McGinley1
-
91
-
-
0042582045
-
Is piracy illegal?
-
On this point see
-
(1976)
AJIL
, vol.70
, pp. 92-95
-
-
Rubin1
-
92
-
-
84912643587
-
-
He traced its drafting history and proposed deleting the word ‘illegal’ and also the word ‘another’ in clause (b).
-
-
-
-
93
-
-
0042582045
-
Is piracy illegal?
-
(1976)
AJIL
, vol.70
, pp. 93
-
-
Rubin1
-
95
-
-
84912675379
-
-
takes the view that there is no incompatibility so far as the piracy provisions (Articles 100–107) are concerned and that the intention that they should apply in the EEZ ‘would seem to follow’.
-
-
-
-
99
-
-
84912664546
-
-
First, Second and Third Reports into Piracy and Armed Robbery from Merchant Ships, IMB, Barking, Essex, UK.
-
-
-
-
100
-
-
84912649215
-
Hvor Sjoroverne Herjer
-
Oslo, Norway, at p 30.
-
(1985)
Na
, Issue.28
, pp. 28-30
-
-
Fiksdal1
-
101
-
-
84912658414
-
Pirates in the Gulf of Siam
-
Public Information Section at the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, published by
-
(1983)
Refugees Magazine
, pp. 24-26
-
-
Billard1
-
104
-
-
84912658414
-
Pirates in the Gulf of Siam
-
Public Information Section at the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees
-
(1983)
Refugees Magazine
, pp. 24
-
-
Billard1
-
106
-
-
84912682425
-
UNHCR Dossier
-
see also, Public Information Section at the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, published by
-
(1983)
Refugees Magazine
, pp. 27
-
-
Villar1
-
107
-
-
84917080362
-
The implications of the Achille Lauro hijacking tor the maritime community
-
For details of such seizures see, A. Parritt, San Jose State University, California, ICC Publishing SA, 38 Cours Albert ler, 75008 Paris, France, at pp 19–20
-
(1986)
Violence at Sea, Proceedings of Workshop of the International Chamber of Commerce's (ICC) International Maritime Bureau
, pp. 17-24
-
-
Simon1
-
110
-
-
84912702430
-
A chronology of terrorist attacks and other criminal actions against maritime targets
-
A. Parritt, San Jose State University, California, ICC Publishing SA, 38 Cours Albert ler, 75008 Paris, France, at p 65; a Chronology of Incidents, 1960–1983 is given at pp 69–85
-
(1986)
Violence at Sea, Proceedings of Workshop of the International Chamber of Commerce's (ICC) International Maritime Bureau
, pp. 63-85
-
-
Jenkins1
Gardela2
Petty3
-
112
-
-
84912650051
-
-
she does not think the case was piracy because it occurred on one ship only without the intention of private gain.
-
-
-
-
113
-
-
84912647286
-
To define and punish piracies — the lesson of the Santa Maria: a comment
-
at pp 798–801 (for facts) and pp 801–817;
-
(1961)
NYULR
, vol.36
, pp. 839-844
-
-
Franck1
-
114
-
-
84912647344
-
-
who concludes that the distinction between internal and external seizure is no longer valid, at p 844.
-
-
-
-
116
-
-
84912664709
-
-
who asks how the offence could be called ‘political’ when Galvao had held no public office.
-
-
-
-
118
-
-
84912678499
-
-
who considers that as the exile organization on whose behalf Galvao carried out the seizure had no legitimate status in international law, not being a recognized government, it cannot be classed as piracy although evolving international law may take a more liberal view in attributing legal personality to such bodies.
-
-
-
-
119
-
-
77952692291
-
The Santa Maria: rebels or pirates
-
who categorizes the actions as political The incident has been reassessed in the articles relating to the Achille Lauro seizure referred to in
-
(1961)
BYIL
, vol.37
, pp. 496-499
-
-
Green1
-
120
-
-
84881899893
-
Towards a definition of piracy: the Achille Lauro incident
-
viz Constantinople, Menefee.
-
(1986)
Va. J.I.L
, vol.26
, pp. 725-753
-
-
Constantinople1
-
123
-
-
84953608669
-
Interference with ships on the high seas
-
For accounts and comments on the legal problems involved in this incident see
-
(1961)
ICLQ
, vol.10
, pp. 817-818
-
-
van Zwanenberg1
-
124
-
-
84912646492
-
To define and punish piracies — the lesson of the Santa Maria: a comment
-
(1961)
NYULR
, vol.36
, pp. 843
-
-
Franck1
-
125
-
-
84912646492
-
To define and punish piracies — the lesson of the Santa Maria: a comment
-
(1961)
NYULR
, vol.36
, pp. 844
-
-
Franck1
-
126
-
-
77952692291
-
The Santa Maria: rebels or pirates
-
at p 505, after reviewing various municipal cases
-
(1961)
BYIL
, vol.37
, pp. 496-499
-
-
Green1
-
127
-
-
84882705915
-
“Piracy” in the Caribbean
-
who considered Galvao's actions plain murder and criminal violence since the law of armed conflict applied only to groups in rebellion and the government against which they rebelled and could not be relied on to protect those attacking civilian lives and property.
-
(1961)
The American Journal of International Law
, vol.55
, pp. 426-428
-
-
Fenwick1
-
128
-
-
84912635889
-
The ‘Pueblo affair and international law’
-
For a detailed critique see
-
(1975)
Ind. J.I.L
, vol.15
, pp. 485
-
-
Akinsaya1
-
130
-
-
84912681006
-
The Mayaguez: the right of innocent passage and the legality of reprisal
-
For details and analysis see
-
(1976)
SDLR
, vol.13
, pp. 765
-
-
Ward1
-
131
-
-
84912663865
-
S.S. Mayaguez incident
-
(1975)
AJIL
, vol.69
, pp. 875
-
-
MacDowell1
-
132
-
-
0042081081
-
Towards a revision of the international law of piracy
-
at pp 84–87 regards the ‘private ends’ test as a ‘sledgehammer solution’ (p 87) since inter alia the USA had not recognized the Khmer Rouge.
-
(1978)
De Paul Law Review
, vol.26
, pp. 78-99
-
-
Crocked1
-
134
-
-
84912652343
-
The two faces of piracy
-
unpublished paper, Miami, USA, Citizens for Ocean Law, 1601 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 202, Washington, DC 20009, USA, obtainable from
-
(1986)
given at 20th Conference of the Law of the Sea Institute
-
-
Brittin1
-
135
-
-
84881899893
-
Towards a definition of piracy: the Achille Lauro incident
-
(1986)
Va. J.I.L.
, vol.26
, pp. 725-753
-
-
Constantinople1
-
136
-
-
84912680803
-
Documents concerning the Achille Lauro affair and co-operation in combatting international terrorism
-
For details of the warrant, etc, see, at pp 1673–1674
-
(1985)
ILM
, vol.24
, pp. 1509-1565
-
-
-
137
-
-
0003714366
-
-
According to the, edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford, ‘private’ means ‘withdrawn from public life, peculiar to oneself; pertaining to a person in a non-official capacity; of pertaining or relating to, affecting a person, or a small group of persons apart from the general community’, International law, as evidenced by the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1980 UKTS 58 (Article 31, 1)) requires that words be accorded their ordinary meaning (unless all the parties to a treaty agree to attribute a special meaning(Article 31 (4)).
-
(1978)
Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
-
-
-
138
-
-
84881899893
-
Towards a definition of piracy: the Achille Lauro incident
-
at p 748.
-
(1986)
Va. J.I.L.
, vol.26
, pp. 725-753
-
-
Constantinople1
-
140
-
-
84912667899
-
-
but see Green's opposite view, although arriving at a similar overall
-
-
-
-
141
-
-
77952692291
-
The Santa Maria: rebels or pirates
-
(1986)
BYIL
, vol.37
, pp. 496-499
-
-
Green1
-
142
-
-
84881899893
-
Towards a definition of piracy: the Achille Lauro incident
-
relevant conventions cited at p 744, note 103.
-
(1986)
Va. J.I.L
, vol.26
, pp. 750
-
-
Constantinople1
-
143
-
-
84912652343
-
The two faces of piracy
-
unpublished paper, Miami, USA, Citizens for Ocean Law, 1601 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 202, Washington, DC 20009, USA, obtainable from
-
(1986)
given at 20th Conference of the Law of the Sea Institute
-
-
Brittin1
-
145
-
-
84912652675
-
-
UNLOSC, Article 311(1).
-
-
-
-
146
-
-
84856886213
-
Tokyo Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft
-
14 September 1963
-
(1963)
ILM
, vol.2
, pp. 1042
-
-
-
147
-
-
84856406662
-
Hague Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizures of Aircraft
-
16 December 1970
-
(1971)
ILM
, vol.10
, pp. 133
-
-
-
148
-
-
84912682132
-
Montreal Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation
-
23 September 1971
-
(1971)
ILM
, vol.10
, pp. 1151
-
-
-
150
-
-
84912660724
-
-
has outlined the relevant features of these three conventions which extend the rights of states not otherwise entitled to exercise jurisdiction over the offences committed to prosecute or extradite the offender is found are required to extend their laws to cover the treaty offences. But see also
-
-
-
-
152
-
-
84912655381
-
Hijacking
-
both of whom point out that practical measures of airport security are likely to be more effective.
-
(1974)
Ind. J.I.L.
, vol.14
, pp. 81-89
-
-
Akehurst1
-
154
-
-
84912668416
-
-
Memorandum of Understanding on the Hijacking of Aircraft and Vessels, effected of Exchange of Notes between Cuba and the United States 15 February, 1973.
-
-
-
-
158
-
-
84912661022
-
-
Memorandum of Understanding on the Hijacking of Aircraft and Vessels, effected of Exchange of Notes between Cuba and the United States 15 February, 1973.
-
-
-
-
162
-
-
84912651667
-
-
Memorandum on Port State Jurisdiction, done 26 January 1982, Paris; entered into force 1 July 1982
-
-
-
-
163
-
-
84911646354
-
-
(1982)
ILM
, vol.21
, pp. 1
-
-
-
164
-
-
84912650924
-
-
Statement made in BBC broadcast on terrorism by Professor Paul Wilkinson, University of Aberdeen, 15 September 1986, heard by the writer.
-
-
-
-
165
-
-
84912650807
-
-
Memorandum on Port State Jurisdiction, done 26 January 1982, Paris; entered into force 1 July 1982
-
-
-
-
166
-
-
84912676750
-
-
Lloyds List, 11 September 1986.
-
-
-
-
167
-
-
84912640187
-
-
UNGAR 40/61, 9 December 1985.
-
-
-
|
