Flow lobes in granite: The determination of magma flow direction in the Trawenagh Bay Granite, northwestern Ireland, using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 119, Issue 11-12, 2007, Pages 1368-1386

  Stevenson, Carl T E ^a   Owens, William H ^a   Hutton, Donald H W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

AMS; Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility; Flow lobes; Granite emplacement; Main Donegal Granite; Shear zone; Trawenagh Bay Granite

Indexed keywords

FLOW LOBES; GRANITE EMPLACEMENT; MAGMA FLOW; SYNPLUTONIC SHEAR ZONE;

DEFORMATION; GRANITE; MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY; MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; MAGNETITE; VOLCANIC ROCKS;

GEOMAGNETISM;

EMPLACEMENT; FOLIATION; GEOMAGNETISM; GRANITE; LINEATION; MAGMA; MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY; MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; MAGNETOMETER; PLUTON; ROCK MICROSTRUCTURE; SHEAR ZONE; WALL ROCK;

COUNTY DONEGAL; DONEGAL [COUNTY DONEGAL]; EURASIA; EUROPE; IRELAND; ULSTER [IRELAND]; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 38149123305     PISSN: 00167606     EISSN: 00167606     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/B25970.1     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Anma, R., 1997, Oblique diapirism of the Yakushima Granite in the Ryuku Arc, Japan, in Bouchez, J.L., et al., eds., Granite: From segregation of melt to emplacement fabrics: Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 295-318.
2. Balk, R., 1937, Structural behavior of igneous rocks, with special reference to interpretations by H. Cloos and collaborators: Geological Society of America Memoir 5, 177 p.
3. Beausoleil, N., Lavallee, P., and Yelon, A., 1983, Magnetic properties of biotite micas: Journal of Applied Physics, v. 54, p. 906-915, doi: 10.1063/1.332053.
4. Benn, K., Horne, R.J., Kontak, D.J., Pignotta. G.S., and Evans, N.G., 1997, Syn-Acadian emplacement model for the South Mountain batholith, Meguma terrane, Nova Scotia: Magnetic fabric and structural analyses: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 1279-1293,doi:10.1130/ 0016-7606(1997)109<1279: SAEMFT>2.3.CO;2.
5. Benn, K., Paterson, S.R., Lund, S.P., Pignotta, G.S., and Kruse, S., 2001, Magmatic fabrics in batholiths as markers of regional strains and plate kinematics: Example of the Cretaceous Mt. Stuart Batholith: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part a, Solid Earth and Geodesy, v. 26, p. 343-354.
6. Borradaile, G., and Jackson, M., 2004, Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS): Magnetic petrofabrics of deformed rocks, in Martín-Hernández, F, et al., eds., Magnetic fabric: Methods and applications: Geological Society [London] Special Publication, no. 238, p. 299-360.
7. Bouchez, J.L., 1997, Granite is never isotropic: An introduction to AMS studies of granitic rocks, in Bouchez, J.L., et al., eds., Granite: From segregation of melt to emplacement fabrics: Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 95-112.
8. Bouchez, J.L., Nguema, T.M.M., Esteban, L., Siqueira, R., and Scrivener, R., 2006, The tourmaline-bearing granite pluton of Bodmin (Cornwall, UK): Magnetic fabric study and regional inference: Geological Society [London] Journal, v. 163, p. 607-616, doi: 10. 1144/0016-764905-104.
9. Bozorth, R., 1951, Ferromagnetism: Princeton, New Jersey, Van Nostrand, 968 p.
10. Brun, J.P., and Pons, J., 1981, Strain patterns of pluton emplacement in a crust undergoing non-coaxial deformation, Sierra-Morena, southern Spain: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 3, p. 219-229, doi: 10.1016/ 0191-8141(81)90018-3.
11. Corry, C., 1988, Laccoliths: Mechanisms of emplacement and growth: Geological Society of America Special Paper 220, 11 Op.
12. Courrioux, G., 1987, Oblique diapirism: The Criffel granodiorite/granite zoned pluton (southwest) Scotland: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 9, p. 313-330, doi: 10. 1016/0191-8141(87)90055-1.
13. Cruden, A.R., 1990, Flow and fabric development during the diapiric rise of magma: Journal of Geology, v. 98, p. 681-698.
14. Cruden, A.R., Tobisch, O.T., and Launeau, R, 1999, Magnetic fabric evidence for conduit-fed emplacement of a tabular intrusion: Dinkey Creek Pluton, central Sierra Nevada batholith, California: Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth, v. 104, no. B5, p. 10,511-10,530.
15. Day, R., O'Reilly, W., and Banerjee, S.K., 1970, Rotational hysteresis study of oxidized basalts: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 75, p. 375-386.
16. Dunlop, D.J. and Özdemir, Ö. 1997, Rock Magnetism: fundamentals and frontiers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 573.
17. Gapais, D., 1989, Shear structures within deformed granites: Mechanical and thermal indicators: Geology, v. 17, p. 1144-1147, doi: 10.1130/ 0091-7613(1989)017< 1144: SSWDGM>2.3.CO; 2.
18. Gindy, A.R., 1953, The plutonic, history of the district around Trawenagh Bay, County Donegal: Geological Society [London] Journal, v. 108, p. 377-411.
19. Hargraves, R.B., Johnson, D., and Chart, C.Y., 1991, Distribution anisotropy: the cause of AMS in igneous rocks?: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 19, p. 2193-2196.
20. Harry, W.T., and Richey, J.E., 1963, Magmatic pulses in the emplacement of plutons: Geological Journal, v. 3, p. 254-267.
21. Holder, M., 1979, An emplacement mechanism for post tectonic granites and its implications for their geochemical features, in Atherton, M., and Tarney, J., eds.,
22. Origins of granite batholiths: Geochemical evidence: Shiva Publishing, Nantwich, UK, p. 116-128.
23. Horsman, E., Tikoff, B., and Morgan, S., 2005, Emplacement-related fabric and multiple sheets in the Maiden Creek sill, Henry Mountains, Utah, USA: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 27, p. 1426-1444, doi: 10.1016/jjsg.2005.03.003.
24. Hutton, D.H.W., 1982, A tectonic model for the emplacement of the Main Donegal Granite, NW Ireland: Geological Society [London] Journal, v. 139, p. 615-631.
25. Hutton, D.H.W., 1988, Granite emplacement mechanisms and tectonic controls: inferences from deformation studies. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, v. 79, p. 245-255.
26. Hutton, D.H.W., and Reavy, R.J., 1992, Strike-slip tectonics and granite petrogenesis: Tectonics, v. 11, p. 960-967.
27. Jacques, J.M., and Reavy, R.J., 1994, Caledonian plutonism and major lineaments in the SW Scottish Highlands: Geological Society [London] Journal, v. 151, p. 955-969.
28. Jelínek, V., 1978, Statistical processing of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measured on groups of specimens: Studia Geopbysica et Geodaetica, v. 22, p. 50-62, doi: 10.1007/BF01613632.
29. Jelínek, V., 1981, Characterization of the magnetic fabric of rocks: Tectonophysics, v. 79, no. 3-4, p. T63-T67, doi: 10.1016/ 0040-1951(81)90110-4.
30. King, R.E, 1966, The magnetic fabric of some Irish granites: Geological Journal, v. 5, p. 43-66.
31. King, RF, and Rees, A.I., 1962, Measurement of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility ofrocks by the torque method: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 67, no. 4, p. 1565.
32. Lagroix, F., and Borradaile, G.J., 2000, Magnetic fabric interpretation complicated by inclusions in mafic silicates: Tectonophysics, v. 325, p. 207-225, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00125-6.
33. Martín-Hernández, F., and Hirt,A.M., 2001, Separation offerrimagnetic and paramagnetic anisotropies using a highfield torsion magnetometer: Tectonophysics, v. 337, p. 209-221, doi: 10.1016/ S0040-1951(01)00116-0.
34. Martín-Hernández, F., and Hirt, A.M., 2003, The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in biatite, muscovite and chlorite single crystals: Tectonophysics, v. 367, p. 13-28, doi: 10.1016/ S0040-1951(03)00127-6.
35. Molyneux, S.J., and Hutton, D.H.W., 2000, Evidence for significant granite space creation by the ballooning mechanism: The example of the Ardara pluton, Ireland: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, p. 1543-1558,doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1543: EFSGSC>2.0.CO;2.
36. Nguema, T.M.M., Trindade, R.I.F., Bouchez, J.L., and Launeau, P., 2002, Selective thermal enhancement of magnetic fabrics from the Carnmenellis granite (British Cornwall): Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 27, no.25-31, p. 1281-1287.
37. Orlicky, O., 1990, Detection of magnetic carriers in rocks-Results of susceptibility changes in powdered rock samples induced by temperature: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 63, p. 66-70, doi: 10.101610031-9201(90)90060-B.
38. Owens, W.H., 1974, Mathematical model studies on factors affecting the magnetic anisotropy of deformed rocks: Tectonophysics, v. 24, p. 115-131, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(74)90133-4.
39. Owens, W.H., 1981, A simple model for nonvanishing rotational hysteresis in hematite: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 27, p. 106-113, doi: 10.1016/0031-9201(81)90038-8.
40. Owens, W.H., 1994, Laboratory drilling of field-orientated block samples: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 16, p. 1719-1721, doi: 10.1016/0191-8141(94)90137-6.
41. Owens, W.H., 2000a, Error estimates in the measurement of anisotropic, magnetic susceptibility: Geophysical Journal International, v. 142, p. 516-526, doi: 10. 1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00175.x.
42. Owens, W.H., 2000b, Statistical applications to second-rank tensors in magnetic fabric analysis: Geophysical Journal International, v. 142, p. 527-538, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00174.x.
43. Owens, W.H., and Bamford, D., 1976, Magnetic, seismic, and other anisotropic properties of rock fabrics: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, London, UK, v. 283, p. 55-68.
44. Paterson, S.R., and Fowler, T.K., 1993, Reexamining pluton emplacement processes: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 15, p. 191-206, doi: 10.101610191-8141(93)90095-R.
45. Paterson, S.R., and Vernon, R.H., 1995, Bursting the bubble of ballooning plutons - A return to nested diapirs emplaced by multiple processes: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 1356-1380, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<1356:BTBOBP>2.3.CO;2.
46. Paterson, S.R., Vernon, R.H., and Tobisch, O.T., 1989, A review of criteria for the identification of magmatic and tectonic foliations in granitoids: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 11, p. 349-363, doi: 10.1016/0191-8141(89)90074-6.
47. Paterson, S.R., Fowler, T.K., Schmidt, K.L., Yoshinobu, A.S., Yuan, E.S., and Miller, R.B., 1998, Interpreting magmatic fabric patterns in plutons: Lithos, v. 44, p. 53-82, doi: 10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00022-X.
48. Paterson, S.R., Pignotta, G.S., and Vernon, R.H., 2004, The significance of microgranitoid enclave shapes and orientations: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 26, p. 1465-1481, doi: 10.1016/jjsg.2003.08.013.
49. Pitcher, W.S., 1953, The Rosses granitic ring complex, County Donegal: Geologists Association Proceedings, v. 64, p. 153-182.
50. Pitcher, W.S., 1979, The nature, ascent and emplacement of granitic magmas: Geological Society [London] Journal, v. 136, p. 627-662.
51. Pitcher, W.S., 1997, The nature and origin of granite: London, Chapman and Hall, 387 p.
52. Pitcher, W.S., and Berger, A.R., 1972, The geology of Donegal, a study of granite emplacement and unroofing: London, Wiley Interscience, 435 p.
53. Pitcher, W.S., and Read, H.H., 1959, The Main Donegal Granite: Geological Society [London] Quarterly Journal, v. 71, p. 259-305.
54. Price, A.R., 1997, Multiple sheeting as a mechanism of pluton construction: The Main Donegal Granite, NW Ireland [Ph.D. thesis]: Durham, University of Durham, UK, 394 p.
55. Price, A.R., and Pitcher, W.S., 1999, The Trawenagh Bay granite: A multipulse, inclined sheet in the flank of a synplutonic shear zone: Irish Journal of Earth Science, v. 17, p. 51-60.
56. Ramsay, J.G., 1989, Emplacement kinematics of a granite diapir - The Chindamora batholith, Zimbabwe: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 11, p. 191-210, doi: 10.1016/0191-8141(89)90043-6.
57. Read, H.H., 1958, Donegal granite: Science, no. 182, p. 225-240.
58. Reavy, R.J., 1989, Structural Controls on Metamorphism and Syn-Tectonic Magmatism-the Portugese Hercynian Collision Belt: Journal of the Geological Society [London], v. 146, p. 649-657.
59. Reavy, R.J., Hutton, D.H.W., and Finch, A.A., 1993, The nodular granite of Castanheira, north central Portugal - Origin of the nodules and evidence for diapiric mobilization of granite: Geological Magazine, v. 130, p. 145-153.
60. Self, S., Keszthelyi, L., and Thordarson, T., 1998, The importance of pahoehoe: Annual Reviews of Earth Science, v. 26, p. 81-110, doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.81.
61. Stacey, F., 1960, Magnetic anisotropy of igneous rocks: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 65, p. 2429-2442.
62. Stevenson, C.T.E., Owens, W.H., Hutton, D.H.W., Hood, D.N., and Meighan, I., 2007, Laccolithic, as opposed to cauldron subsidence, emplacement of the Eastern Mourne pluton: Evidence from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility: Geological Society [London] Journal, v. 164, P. 99-110, doi: 10. 1144/0016076492006-008.
63. Thomson, K., and Hutton, D.H.W., 2004, Geometry and growth of sill complexes: Insights using 3D seismic from the North Rockall trough: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 66, p. 364-375, doi: 10.1007/ s00445-003-0320-z.
64. Trindade, R.I.F., Nguema, T.M.M., and Bouchez, J.L., 2001, Thermally enhanced mimetic fabric of magnetite in a biotite granite: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, p. 2687-2690, doi: 10.1029/2001GL013218.
65. Vigneresse, J., Barbey, P., and Cuney, M., 1996, Rheological transitions during partial melting and crystallization with application to felsic, magma segregation and transfer: Journal of Petrology, v. 37, p. 1579-1600, doi: 10.1093/petrology/37.6.1579.