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Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 60-83

The "hidden side" of the new economy

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 38149032937     PISSN: 01609009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (56)

References (83)
  • 1
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    • The relationship between colonial powers and colonized countries, including the removal and enslavement of indigenous populations, undoubtedly left its mark on the administrative structures and cultures of colonized countries. Colonialism also influenced the organization of labor, especially employment relations
    • The relationship between colonial powers and colonized countries, including the removal and enslavement of indigenous populations, undoubtedly left its mark on the administrative structures and cultures of colonized countries. Colonialism also influenced the organization of labor, especially employment relations.
  • 2
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    • Die kolonialen Muster deutscher Arbeitsmigrationspolitik
    • ed, and, Münster: Unrast, at
    • Kien Nghi Ha, "Die kolonialen Muster deutscher Arbeitsmigrationspolitik," in Spricht die Subalterne Deutsch? Migration und postkoloniale Kritik, ed. Hito Steyerl and Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez (Münster: Unrast, 2003), 56-107, at 65.
    • (2003) Spricht die Subalterne Deutsch? Migration und postkoloniale Kritik , vol.56-107 , pp. 65
    • Kien Nghi, H.1
  • 3
    • 6344223616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Introduction from the Guest Editors
    • Eleonore Kofman and Parvati Raghuram, "An Introduction from the Guest Editors," Feminist Review 77 (2004): 4-6;
    • (2004) Feminist Review , vol.77 , pp. 4-6
    • Kofman, E.1    Raghuram, P.2
  • 4
    • 0000485346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Care Chains and Emotional Surplus Value
    • ed. W. Hutton and Anthony Giddens, New York: Oxford University Press, at
    • Arlie Russell Hochschild, "Global Care Chains and Emotional Surplus Value," in On the Edge: Living with Global Capitalism, ed. W. Hutton and Anthony Giddens, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 130-146, at 138.
    • (2001) On the Edge: Living with Global Capitalism , vol.130-146 , pp. 138
    • Russell Hochschild, A.1
  • 7
    • 38149039435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The research was conducted in Spain, Germany, Austria, and the UK. Here, I discuss the German research. The German team's interviews and conversations were conducted by Macarena Gonzalez Ulloa, Efthimia Panagiotidis, Nina Schultz, and me. The excerpts presented in this article form part of the interviews and conversations I conducted. All the research participants gave their consent for this research and authorized the use of the material within the agreed ethical parameters. In each country we conducted twenty-five interviews and held ten focus groups. See also Luzenir Caixeta, Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Shirley Tate, and Cristina Vega Solís, Homes, Care, and Borders - Hogares, Cuidados y Fronteras (Madrid: Cruz Roja, 2004).
    • The research was conducted in Spain, Germany, Austria, and the UK. Here, I discuss the German research. The German team's interviews and conversations were conducted by Macarena Gonzalez Ulloa, Efthimia Panagiotidis, Nina Schultz, and me. The excerpts presented in this article form part of the interviews and conversations I conducted. All the research participants gave their consent for this research and authorized the use of the material within the agreed ethical parameters. In each country we conducted twenty-five interviews and held ten focus groups. See also Luzenir Caixeta, Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Shirley Tate, and Cristina Vega Solís, Homes, Care, and Borders - Hogares, Cuidados y Fronteras (Madrid: Cruz Roja, 2004).
  • 8
    • 38149117044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In PAR the research participants as well as the researcher are agents of knowledge and active agents of change in the communities with which they work. Adopting PAR meant that as researchers we had to be aware that we were in a more powerful position, even though we saw the research participants as co-researchers. The women we contacted to tell us about their everyday experiences as care and domestic workers were non-European migrant women, some of them without papers. In the case of the employers, we conducted interviews with middle-class, white citizen households
    • In PAR the research participants as well as the researcher are agents of knowledge and active agents of change in the communities with which they work. Adopting PAR meant that as researchers we had to be aware that we were in a more powerful position, even though we saw the research participants as co-researchers. The women we contacted to tell us about their everyday experiences as care and domestic workers were non-European migrant women, some of them without papers. In the case of the employers, we conducted interviews with middle-class, white citizen households.
  • 9
    • 38149030190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The method of open-ended interviews engaged the idea of producing a narrative. The German team's interviews with the participants were led in our case by three questions intended to evoke memories, anecdotes, and impressions. The German team asked the research participants three questions. The first addressed their memories when they arrived in Germany, the second their impressions of Germany, and the third how they imagined their future. The interviews were open-ended and were not restricted to a time limit.
    • The method of "open-ended interviews" engaged the idea of producing a narrative. The German team's interviews with the participants were led in our case by three questions intended to evoke memories, anecdotes, and impressions. The German team asked the research participants three questions. The first addressed their memories when they arrived in Germany, the second their impressions of Germany, and the third how they imagined their future. The interviews were open-ended and were not restricted to a time limit.
  • 10
    • 0003139356 scopus 로고
    • Towards a Methodology for Feminist Research
    • See, ed. Gloria Bowles and Renate Duelli Klein, Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul
    • See Maria Mies, "Towards a Methodology for Feminist Research," in Theories of Women's Studies, ed. Gloria Bowles and Renate Duelli Klein, (Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983), 117-139.
    • (1983) Theories of Women's Studies , pp. 117-139
    • Mies, M.1
  • 11
    • 38149033647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The team for the here-mentioned research project was composed of members of different nationalities European, Jamaican, Argentinean, and Brazilian, The majority of the researchers had a migration background. For example, the German team had only one researcher who was a white German citizen, while the other researchers were from Chile, Greece, and Spain. The UK team's leading researcher had a Jamaican background, the Austrian team's leading researcher had a Brazilian background, and the Spanish team's two members had a Latin American background
    • The team for the here-mentioned research project was composed of members of different nationalities (European, Jamaican, Argentinean, and Brazilian). The majority of the researchers had a migration background. For example, the German team had only one researcher who was a "white" German citizen, while the other researchers were from Chile, Greece, and Spain. The UK team's leading researcher had a Jamaican background, the Austrian team's leading researcher had a Brazilian background, and the Spanish team's two members had a Latin American background.
  • 12
    • 38149045816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Our goal was to make care and domestic workers' strategies of agency and resistance visible. Furthermore, we saw our research as a way of supporting their social and political infrastructure through sharing information about access to public funding, safety, and social resources with them
    • Our goal was to make care and domestic workers' strategies of agency and resistance visible. Furthermore, we saw our research as a way of supporting their social and political infrastructure through sharing information about access to public funding, safety, and social resources with them.
  • 13
    • 6344283032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We Need Your Support, but the Struggle is Primarily Ours': On Representation, Migration and the Sans Papiers Movement, ESF Paris
    • 12th-15th November
    • Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez, "'We Need Your Support, but the Struggle is Primarily Ours': On Representation, Migration and the Sans Papiers Movement, ESF Paris, 12th-15th November 2003" Feminist Review 77 (2004): 152-156.
    • (2003) Feminist Review , vol.77 , pp. 152-156
    • Gutiérrez Rodríguez, E.1
  • 14
    • 84906905920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gouvernementalität und die Ethnisierung des Sozialen. Migration, Arbeit und Biopolitik
    • ed. Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez and Marianne Pieper Frankfurt am Main: Campus
    • Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez, "Gouvernementalität und die Ethnisierung des Sozialen. Migration, Arbeit und Biopolitik," in Gouvernementalität. Ein sozialwissenschaftliches Konzept in Anschluss and Foucault, ed. Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez and Marianne Pieper (Frankfurt am Main: Campus, 2003), 75-89.
    • (2003) Gouvernementalität. Ein sozialwissenschaftliches Konzept in Anschluss and Foucault , pp. 75-89
    • Gutiérrez Rodríguez, E.1
  • 15
    • 38149064533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gayatri C. Spivak discusses how this paradox occurred in India, which, although politically independent from Britain, still had an economy and educational and cultural systems reminiscent of the British Empire. Robert Young, Neocolonialism and the Secret Agent of Knowledge: An Interview with Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak Oxford Literary Review 13, nos. 1-2 (1991): 220-251.
    • Gayatri C. Spivak discusses how this paradox occurred in India, which, although politically independent from Britain, still had an economy and educational and cultural systems reminiscent of the British Empire. Robert Young, "Neocolonialism and the Secret Agent of Knowledge: An Interview with Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak" Oxford Literary Review 13, nos. 1-2 (1991): 220-251.
  • 16
    • 38149119719 scopus 로고
    • Zwangsarbeit im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Forschungsstand und Ergebnisse regionaler und lokaler Fallstudien
    • Hans-Ulrich Ludewig, "Zwangsarbeit im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Forschungsstand und Ergebnisse regionaler und lokaler Fallstudien," Archiv für Sozialgeschichte 31 (1991): 558-577;
    • (1991) Archiv für Sozialgeschichte , vol.31 , pp. 558-577
    • Ludewig, H.1
  • 18
    • 38149067520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Las migraciones en las políticas de la fortaleza. Sobre las múltiples fronteras de la Europa comunitaria
    • Sandra Gil Araújo, "Las migraciones en las políticas de la fortaleza. Sobre las múltiples fronteras de la Europa comunitaria," Memoria: Revista Mensual de Política y Cultura 168 (2003): 20-35.
    • (2003) Memoria: Revista Mensual de Política y Cultura , vol.168 , pp. 20-35
    • Gil Araújo, S.1
  • 19
    • 38149074067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For example, the representation of the Moroccan and Latin American communities on television and in the mainstream cinema very often follows racist stereotypes that eroticize, exoticize, criminalize, or demonize the Other. See also Isabel Santaolalla, Los 'Otros': Etnicidad y 'raza' en el cine español contemporáreneo, (Zaragoza: Prensas Universitaria de Zaragoza, 2005).
    • For example, the representation of the Moroccan and Latin American communities on television and in the mainstream cinema very often follows racist stereotypes that eroticize, exoticize, criminalize, or demonize the Other. See also Isabel Santaolalla, "Los 'Otros': Etnicidad y 'raza' en el cine español contemporáreneo," (Zaragoza: Prensas Universitaria de Zaragoza, 2005).
  • 20
    • 38149038718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The term Fordist characterized the immigration to Western Europe in the 1950s and 1960s from Southern Europe (Greece, Spain, Italy, and Portugal, Turkey and North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria, Southeast Asia (Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India) and the Caribbean. This migration was influenced by a new phase of capitalist accumulation characterized by mass production and mass consumption. The term Fordism was coined about 1910 to describe Henry Ford's success in the U.S. automobile industry. Ford improved mass production methods and developed the assembly line. These economic policies were introduced to post-1945 European societies such as Germany. In Britain and France related migratory movements began during the wars of independence in the former British and French colonies in the late 1940s and mid 1950s. Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Das postkoloniale Europa dekonstruieren. Zu Prekarisierung, Migration und Arbeit in der E
    • The term "Fordist" characterized the immigration to Western Europe in the 1950s and 1960s from Southern Europe (Greece, Spain, Italy, and Portugal), Turkey and North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria), Southeast Asia (Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India) and the Caribbean. This migration was influenced by a new phase of capitalist accumulation characterized by mass production and mass consumption. The term "Fordism" was coined about 1910 to describe Henry Ford's success in the U.S. automobile industry. Ford improved mass production methods and developed the assembly line. These economic policies were introduced to post-1945 European societies such as Germany. In Britain and France related migratory movements began during the wars of independence in the former British and French colonies in the late 1940s and mid 1950s. Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez, "Das postkoloniale Europa dekonstruieren. Zu Prekarisierung, Migration und Arbeit in der EU," Widerspruch 48 (2005): 71-83.
  • 21
    • 38149031706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Treaty of Amsterdam was implemented on May 1, 1999. It led to the development of a common asylum and migration policy and harmonized the legal systems and foreign policies of the signatory EU states. This policy was initiated by the Treaty of Maastricht, in which the EU agreed to implement interstate agreements for immigration and asylum policies, which fostered cooperation between the legal system and the police as well as the visa system. These treaties are the outcome of the Schengen Treaty, signed in 1990 by the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. This established both the free movement of people between these countries and strengthened control of the European border. This led to two different developments, on the one side to the free movement of EU citizens within the EU as they have access to the labor market in the different EU countries, and on the other side to both restricted entry to the EU and restricted access to the labor market for
    • The Treaty of Amsterdam was implemented on May 1, 1999. It led to the development of a common asylum and migration policy and harmonized the legal systems and foreign policies of the signatory EU states. This policy was initiated by the Treaty of Maastricht, in which the EU agreed to implement interstate agreements for immigration and asylum policies, which fostered cooperation between the legal system and the police as well as the visa system. These treaties are the outcome of the Schengen Treaty, signed in 1990 by the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. This established both the free movement of people between these countries and strengthened control of the European border. This led to two different developments, on the one side to the free movement of EU citizens within the EU (as they have access to the labor market in the different EU countries), and on the other side to both restricted entry to the EU and restricted access to the labor market for non-EU citizens. The European border has experienced in the last decade increasing militarization. In the last summit of the European Ministers of Inner Affairs in Luxemburg (April 19-21, 2007), the EU agreed to establish the European Agency of Borders (Frontex). Frontex is in charge of developing a European Border Patrol. In this summit some of the members agreed to contribute, with 116 military ships, 21 airplanes, and 27 helicopters to patrol the borders of the EU from Africa to Eastern Europe (El Pais: "116 barcos, 21 aviones y 27 helicópteros para fronteras," El Pais, no. 10.906 (2007): 2).
  • 22
    • 38149055709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Treaty of Amsterdam strengthened these migration policies, as did the introduction of the EURODAC agreement after September 11, 2001, which sought to compare the genetic data of refugees, implement new visa requirements in 130 countries, and strengthen the power to prosecute airlines and other transportation companies. Furthermore, the EU has attempted to create a common definition of refugee status and regularize family reunification. The concept of family that is revoked here is that of the nuclear heterosexual family, although we can perceive some exceptional changes in some EU countries, such as Germany (2000) and Spain (2005, due to the introduction of the civil registration for same-sex couples see http://www.ilga-europe.org/europe/issues/ marriage_and_partnership/same_sex_marriage_and_partnership_country_by_co untry, In this case same-sex couples can join their partners in these EU countries, if they are registered as a civil partnership. However, the age for the reunifica
    • The Treaty of Amsterdam strengthened these migration policies, as did the introduction of the EURODAC agreement after September 11, 2001, which sought to compare the genetic data of refugees, implement new visa requirements in 130 countries, and strengthen the power to prosecute airlines and other transportation companies. Furthermore, the EU has attempted to create a common definition of refugee status and regularize family reunification. The concept of family that is revoked here is that of the nuclear heterosexual family, although we can perceive some exceptional changes in some EU countries, such as Germany (2000) and Spain (2005), due to the introduction of the civil registration for same-sex couples (see http://www.ilga-europe.org/europe/issues/ marriage_and_partnership/same_sex_marriage_and_partnership_country_by_country). In this case same-sex couples can join their partners in these EU countries, if they are registered as a civil partnership. However, the age for the reunification of children has been limited to twelve years. See also Karl Kopp, Asyl (Hamburg: Rotbuch, 2002).
  • 23
    • 38149094125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • La sanción del giro autoritario. Inmigración y Cumbre de Sevilla
    • Paco Torres, "La sanción del giro autoritario. Inmigración y Cumbre de Sevilla." Página Abierta 128 (2002): 8-10.
    • (2002) Página Abierta , vol.128 , pp. 8-10
    • Torres, P.1
  • 24
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    • Kopp, Asyl, 6
    • Kopp, Asyl, 6.
  • 26
    • 38149051537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De una mala ley no puede salir un buen Reglamento
    • SOS Racismo, "De una mala ley no puede salir un buen Reglamento." MUGAK 29 (2004): 4-9.
    • (2004) MUGAK , vol.29 , pp. 4-9
    • Racismo, S.O.S.1
  • 27
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    • The Spanish government implemented three major regularization programs (popularly known as CUPO or Contingente) in 1991, 1996, and 1999, resulting in the provision of legal work and residence permits for a significant number of formerly undocumented workers. Residence permits have been renewed annually. With the conclusion of these regularization programs, all foreigners needed working permits to hold jobs or could face deportation. In accordance with the 1991 CUPO, employment of foreign workers is allowed only in household and agricultural services. In 1993, up to 20,000 work permits a year were allocated to workers from non-European countries for work in private households and agriculture. At the beginning, only Filipinas, Dominicans, and Peruvians were given work permits. However, in response to protests this restriction was been withdrawn. See also Susanne Schultz, Domestic Slavery oder Green Card? Feministische Strategien zu bezahlter Arbeit, iz3w 257 20
    • The Spanish government implemented three major regularization programs (popularly known as CUPO or Contingente) in 1991, 1996, and 1999, resulting in the provision of legal work and residence permits for a significant number of formerly undocumented workers. Residence permits have been renewed annually. With the conclusion of these regularization programs, all foreigners needed working permits to hold jobs or could face deportation. In accordance with the 1991 CUPO, employment of foreign workers is allowed only in household and agricultural services. In 1993, up to 20,000 work permits a year were allocated to workers from non-European countries for work in private households and agriculture. At the beginning, only Filipinas, Dominicans, and Peruvians were given work permits. However, in response to protests this restriction was been withdrawn. See also Susanne Schultz, "Domestic Slavery oder Green Card? Feministische Strategien zu bezahlter Arbeit," iz3w 257 (2001): 7-15.
  • 29
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    • An Ethnography of Global Labour Migration
    • Hsiao-Hung Pai, "An Ethnography of Global Labour Migration," Feminist Review 77 (2004): 129-131.
    • (2004) Feminist Review , vol.77 , pp. 129-131
    • Pai, H.1
  • 30
    • 38149041989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immigration policies have been reinforced by the law from January 2003 that makes it obligatory for all immigrants seeking a resident or work permit to take German language classes for one hundred hours and sit an official exam. If an immigrant fails the exam, he or she is required to take another one hundred hours of classes, at his/her own expense. If someone fails the exam for a second time, he/she is liable to pay a €200 fine and, furthermore, after four years his/her residence permit will be revoked. Caixeta et al, Homes, Care, and Borders, 84.
    • The immigration policies have been reinforced by the law from January 2003 that makes it obligatory for all immigrants seeking a resident or work permit to take German language classes for one hundred hours and sit an official exam. If an immigrant fails the exam, he or she is required to take another one hundred hours of classes, at his/her own expense. If someone fails the exam for a second time, he/she is liable to pay a €200 fine and, furthermore, after four years his/her residence permit will be revoked. Caixeta et al, Homes, Care, and Borders, 84.
  • 31
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    • Global Cities and Survival Circuits
    • ed. Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie R. Hochschild London: Penguin
    • Saskia Sassen, "Global Cities and Survival Circuits," in Global Woman, ed. Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie R. Hochschild (London: Penguin, 2002), 42-59;
    • (2002) Global Woman , pp. 42-59
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    • Migrant Domestic Workers: A European Perspective
    • DGV, ed. Commission of the European Community Brussels: Commission of the European Community, 1997, 1-55
    • Bridget Anderson and Annie Phizacklea, "Migrant Domestic Workers: A European Perspective," in Report for the Equal Opportunities Unit, DGV, ed. Commission of the European Community (Brussels: Commission of the European Community, 1997), 1-55.
    • Report for the Equal Opportunities Unit
    • Anderson, B.1    Phizacklea, A.2
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    • SOLIDAR and KALAYAAN
    • RESPECT European Network of Migrant Domestic Workers, Brussel: Solidar
    • RESPECT European Network of Migrant Domestic Workers, SOLIDAR and KALAYAAN. Taking Liberties (Brussel: Solidar, 1998).
    • (1998) Taking Liberties
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    • Bridget Anderson, The Devil Is in the Detail: Lessons to be Drawn from the UK's Recent Exercise in Regularising Undocumented Workers in Europe, in Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants, ed. Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (Brussel/Leuven: Katholikeke Universiteit, 2004), 89-101.
    • Bridget Anderson, "The Devil Is in the Detail: Lessons to be Drawn from the UK's Recent Exercise in Regularising Undocumented Workers in Europe," in Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants, ed. Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (Brussel/Leuven: Katholikeke Universiteit, 2004), 89-101.
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    • See Anderson's The Devil Is in the Detail for more details.
    • See Anderson's "The Devil Is in the Detail" for more details.
  • 39
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    • In southern England, a considerable number of recent immigrants from West Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe have been incorporated into the care and domestic work sector. In contrast, in the north of England the women working in this sector are postcolonial Commonwealth immigrants, their descendants, and poor white women. See also Caixeta et al., Homes, Care, and Borders.
    • In southern England, a considerable number of recent immigrants from West Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe have been incorporated into the care and domestic work sector. In contrast, in the north of England the women working in this sector are postcolonial Commonwealth immigrants, their descendants, and poor white women. See also Caixeta et al., Homes, Care, and Borders.
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    • Making the Match: Domestic Placement Agencies and the Racialization of Women's Household Work
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    • Abigail Bakan and Daiva Stasiulis, "Making the Match: Domestic Placement Agencies and the Racialization of Women's Household Work," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 20, no. 2 (1995): 303-335, at 311-312.
    • (1995) Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 311-312
    • Bakan, A.1    Stasiulis, D.2
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    • Feminized Transnational Spaces - Or the Interplay of Gender and Nation
    • Sabine Hess, "Feminized Transnational Spaces - Or the Interplay of Gender and Nation," Anthropology Yearbook on European Cultures (AYAC) 14 (2005): 227-246;
    • (2005) Anthropology Yearbook on European Cultures (AYAC) , vol.14 , pp. 227-246
    • Hess, S.1
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    • Mobile Lebensführung zwischen der Dominikanischen Republik, New York und Madrid
    • Bad Honnef: Bad Honnef Publications
    • Ninna Nyberg Sørensen, "Mobile Lebensführung zwischen der Dominikanischen Republik, New York und Madrid," in Migrationen: Lateinamerika, Analysen und Berichte 23 (Bad Honnef: Bad Honnef Publications, 1999), 16-38.
    • (1999) Migrationen: Lateinamerika, Analysen und Berichte 23 , pp. 16-38
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    • Transnationalism, Gender and Global Workers
    • ed. Umut Erel, Mirjana Morokvašić, and Kyoto Shinozaki Opladen: Leske & Budrich, at
    • Annie Phizacklea, "Transnationalism, Gender and Global Workers," in Crossing Borders and Shifting Boundaries, ed. Umut Erel, Mirjana Morokvašić, and Kyoto Shinozaki (Opladen: Leske & Budrich, 2003), 79-100, at 80.
    • (2003) Crossing Borders and Shifting Boundaries , vol.79-100 , pp. 80
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    • Grenzen der Performativität: Zur konstitutiven Verschränkung von Ethnizität, Geschlecht, Sexualität und Klasse,
    • ed, Zürich: Reihe Interventionen
    • Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez, "Grenzen der Performativität: Zur konstitutiven Verschränkung von Ethnizität, Geschlecht, Sexualität und Klasse, "in Kultur-Analysen, ed. Jörg Huber (Zürich: Reihe Interventionen, 2001), 45-78.
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    • Das postkoloniale Europa dekonstruieren. Zu Prekarisierung, Migration und Arbeit in der EU
    • Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez, "Das postkoloniale Europa dekonstruieren. Zu Prekarisierung, Migration und Arbeit in der EU," Widerspruch 48 (2005): 24-39.
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    • Klaus J. Bade, Europa in Bewegung: Migration vom späten 18. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart (Münster: C. H. Beck, 2002).
    • Klaus J. Bade, Europa in Bewegung: Migration vom späten 18. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart (Münster: C. H. Beck, 2002).
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.