Before the special relationship: The council on foreign relations, the carnegie foundation and the rumour of an anglo-american war

Journal of Transatlantic Studies

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 233-251

  Williams, Andrew ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 38149015631     PISSN: 14794012     EISSN: 17541018     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14794010308656801     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Williams, Andrew. 1998. Failed Imagination? New World Orders of the Twentieth Century Manchester U.P.
2. November 1928. Hamilton Fish Armstrong Papers November, Princeton University Library Box 727
3. Venn, Fiona. July 1990. “Futile Paper Chase”:Anglo-American Relations and Middle East Oil, 1918–1934 ”. In Diplomacy and Statecraft Vol. 1, July, 165–184. No 2here p. 167 and 172. See also:Nicholas Cull, “Selling Peace:The Origins, Promotion and Fate of the Anglo-American New Order During the Second World War”, Diplomacy and Statecraft, Vol. 7, No. 1, March 1996, pp 1–8.
4. For a brief summary of this see Knock Thomas J., To End All Wars:Woodrow Wilson and the Quest for a New World Order 1992 Oxford U.PChapter 4 “The Political Origins of Progressive and Conservative Internationalism” and:David S. Patterson, Towards a Warless World:The Travail of the American Peace Movement, 1887–1914, Bloomington Indiana, University of Indiana Press, 1976, Roland C. Marchand, The American Peace Movement and Social Reform, 1898–1918, Princeton U.P., 1972
5. See for example Parmar Inderjeet, Lord Lothian's Moment:The Anglo-American Establishment and the Saving of Britain, 1939–1941 paper presented at the University of Edinburgh, May 2001 and, by the same author, “Anglo-American elites a-in the interwar Years:Idealism and Power in the Intellectual Roots of Chatham, House and the Council on Foreign Relations”, International Relations, Vol. 16, Number 1, April 2002, pages 53–76. The quote is on page 53.
6. Parmar. Lord Lothian's Moment… 6–7.
7. Knock. To End All Wars 57–57.
8. Ashworth, Lucian M., 2002. Did the Realist-Idealist debate ever happen? A Revisionist History of International Relations. International Relations, 16 (1) April:34–34.
9. This debate is well described by Ceadel Martin, Thinking about Peace and War 1987 Oxford U.P.See also:David Long and Peter Wilson (eds) Thinkers of the Twenty Years Crisis, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1995
10. Carr, E.H., 1939. The Twenty Years Crisis, London:Macmillan.
11. For a fascinating recent account of the intellectual climate of the inter-war years see:Edmunds David, Eidinow John, Wittgenstein's Poker:The Story of a Ten-Minute Argument Between Two Great Philosophers Faber and Faber London 2001
12. See Williams, Failed Imagination? Chapters 1 and 2, and George Conyne, Woodrow Wilson:British Perspectives, 1919 –21, London, Macmillan, 1992.
13. Hogan, Michael J., 1977. Informal Entente; The Private Structure of cooperation in Anglo-American Economic Diplomacy, Columbia:University of Missouri Press.
14. February 1991. Punch, or the London Charivari February, 123–123. 12th
15. May 1991. Punch May, 415–415. 28
16. March 1919. Punch March, 175–175. 5
17. May 1919. Punch May, 403–403. 21
18. Quoted from (the then junior Treasury official) Sir Frederic Harmer's diary, 8 October 1945, in Skidelsky Robert, John Maynard Keynes:Fighting for Britain, 1937–1946 Macmillan London 2000 418 418
19. Miller, David Hunter. May 1926. “ Sovereignty and Neutrality ”. In International Conciliation May, No. 220quoted in the Bulletin of the Foreign Policy Association Information Service, Vol. IV, No. 2, March 10, 1928, Armstrong Papers, Box 72.
20. Armstrong to Benes, 6 April 1923 Armstrong Papers, Box 7
21. Minutes of the Anglo-American Group of 1937, Council on Foreign Relations Papers Box 239
22. November 1928. Hamilton Fish Armstrong Papers November, 1–2. Box 727
23. Meetings of the Anglo-American Group of the CFFR. 1928. November 16and 26 December 1928, Final report of January 1929, Armstrong Papers, Box 72.
24. November 1929. The Anglo-American Naval Question:Report of a Study Group of Members of the CFFR November, 12Armstrong papers, Box 72.
25. Minutes of the Anglo-American Group. Council for Foreign Relations Papers, Princeton University Library. meeting of 16 November 1929Box 238
26. Shotwell, James T., Diary during the Making of the Geneva Protocol 87 pages 1924, Shotwell Papers, Columbia University Library Box A.
27. Shotwell. Diary Entry for 10 September 1924, Shotwell Papers, Box A
28. For a summary discussion of this see my Sir John Bradbury and the Reparations Commission, 1920–1925 Diplomacy and Statecraft 2002 September 81 102
29. Cf. Carlton David, MacDonald versus Henderson:The Foreign Policy of the Second Labour Government Macmillan London 1970 and; Andrew J. Williams Labour and Russia:The Attitude of the Labour Party to the USSR,1924–1934, Manchester U.P., 1989, Chapter 9.
30. The expression is Paul Rich's, whose “Alfred Zimmern's Cautious Idealism:The League of Nations, International Education, and the Commonwealth” can be found in:Long, Wilson, Thinkers of the Twenty Years' Crisis 79 99
31. Diary, Shotwell. 1924. August:31–31. 31and 35
32. Byrne to Armstrong, 11 August 1928 Armstrong Papers Box 72.
33. Stimson, Henry, and Diary. October 1929. Memorandum of a Trip to Rapidan October, 5 –7Stimson Papers, Reel 126.
34. Diary, Stimson. Memorandum of a Trip to Rapidan
35. Stimson, Henry, and Diary. Memorandum on the World Court dated 1929, Stimson Papers, Reel 126
36. See for example, the Financial Times 2002 July for 1
37. Minutes of the Anglo-American Group, meeting of 7 Financial Times 1929 November
38. For details on Ottawa, see my Trading With the Bolsheviks:The Politics of East-West Trade, 1920–1939 1992 Manchester U.P.Chapter 4
39. See for example, The War Debts:A British View Chatham House, September 1937 and the CFR's response “The British War Debts:An American View” of April 1938; CFR Volume VI, Box 239
40. Meeting of the Anglo-American Group. 1937. March 15a dinner meeting, CFR Box 239.
41. Minutes of the Anglo-American Group. 1929. November meeting of 7doc.cit.
42. Skidelsky, Robert. John Maynard Keynes:Fighting for Britain 91–91.
43. See for example:Department of State's Department of Special Research, February 1943 19Armstrong papers, Box 72
44. Department of State, Department of Special Research, Memorandum of Official Statements of Post-War Policy, 3 January 1942 Berle Papers, Roosevelt Library.
45. Skidelsky, Robert. John Maynard Keynes:Fighting for Britain, passim
46. Williams. Failed Imagination? 274–274.
47. Universities Committee on Post War International Relations, n.d. probably 1943, Shotwell Papers Box 242
48. Bowman, Isaiah. June 1943. Meeting of the Political Committee at the State Department June, 12Berle Papers, Box 65.
49. For many examples see:Williams, Failed Imagination? Chapter 5.
50. Report by Stettinius to Hull, on a visit to London, April 1944 7 to 29Berle Papers, Box 70.
51. Cf. Williams, Failed Imagination? Chapter 4
52. Harriman Papers Library of Congress, 1948–1950, Box 267.