Particle shape: A review and new methods of characterization and classification

Sedimentology

Volumn 55, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 31-63

  Blott, Simon J ^a   Pye, Kenneth ^a  

^a Kenneth Pye Associates Ltd   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Circularity; Elongation ratio; Flatness ratio; Form; Image analysis; Irregularity; Morphology; Roundness; Shape; Sphericity

Indexed keywords

CHERT; CORAL; GRAIN SIZE; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MORPHOLOGY; PARTICLE SIZE; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SEDIMENTOLOGY;

ANTHOZOA;

EID: 38049163900     PISSN: 00370746     EISSN: 13653091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00892.x     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Allen, J.R.L. (1985) Principles of Physical Sedimentology. Chapman & Hall, London, 272 pp.
2. Aschenbrenner, B.C. (1956) A new method of expressing particle sphericity. J. Sed. Petrol., 26, 15-31.
3. Ballantyne, C.K. (1982) Aggregate clast form characteristics of deposits near the margins of four glaciers in the Jotumheimen Massif, Norway. Norsk Geogr. Tids., 36, 103-113.
4. Barrett, P.J. (1980) The shape of rock particles, a critical review. Sedimentology, 27, 291-303.
5. Benn, D.I. (2004) Clast morphology. In: A Practical Guide to the Study of Glacial Sediments (Eds D.J.A. Evans and D.I. Benn), pp. 78-92. Arnold, London.
6. Benn, D.I. and Ballantyne, C.K. (1992) Pebble shape (and size!) - discussion. J. Sed. Petrol., 62, 1147-1150.
7. Benn, D.I. and Ballantyne, C.K. (1993) The description and representation of particle shape. Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 18, 665-672.
8. Benn, D.I. and Ballantyne, C.K. (1994) Reconstructing the transport history of glaciogenic sediments: A new approach based on the co-variance of clast form indices. Sed. Geol., 91, 215-227.
9. Brewer, R. (1964) Fabric and Mineral Analysis of Soils. Wiley, Chichester, 470 pp.
10. Briggs, L.I., McCulloch, D.S. and Moser, F. (1962) Hydraulic shape of sand particles. J. Sed. Petrol., 32, 645-656.
11. Cailleux, A. (1945) Distinction des galets marins et fluviatiles. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 15, 375-404.
12. Cailleux, A. (1947) L'indice d'émoussédes grains de sable et grès. Rev. Géomorph. Dyn., 3, 78-87.
13. Corey, A.T. (1949) Influence of Shape on Fall Velocity of Sand Grains. Unpublished MSc Thesis, Colorado A&M College, 102 pp.
14. Cox, E.A. (1927) A method for assigning numerical and percentage values to the degree of roundness of sand grains. J. Paleontol., 1, 179-183.
15. Dobkins, J.E. Jr and Folk, R.L. (1970) Shape development on Tahiti-Nui. J. Sed. Petrol., 40, 1167-1203.
16. Dunn, E.J. (1911) Pebbles. Robertson, Melbourne, 122 pp.
17. Fisher, P.F. and Bridgland, D.R. (1986) Analysis of pebble morphology. In: Clast Lithological Analysis (Ed. D.R. Bridgland), pp. 43-72. Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge.
18. Flemming, N.C. (1965) Form and function of sedimentary particles. J. Sed. Petrol., 35, 381-390.
19. Folk, R.L. (1955) Student operator error in determination of roundness, sphericity and grain size. J. Sed. Petrol., 25, 297-301.
20. Griffiths, J.S. (1967) Scientific Method in Analysis of Sediments. McGraw-Hill, New York, 508 pp.
21. Hockey, B. (1970) An improved coordinate system for particle shape representation. J. Sed. Petrol., 40, 1054-1056.
22. Hofmann, H.J. (1994) Grain-shape indices and isometric graphs. J. Sed. Res., A64, 916-920.
23. Howard, J.L. (1992) An evaluation of shape indices as palaeoenvironmental indicators using quartzite and meta-volcanic clasts in Upper Cretaceous to Palaeogene beach, river and submarine fan conglomerates. Sedimentology, 39, 471-486.
24. Illenberger, W.K. (1991) Pebble shape (and size!). J. Sed. Petrol., 61, 756-767.
25. Illenberger, W.K. (1992) Pebble shape (and size!) - reply. J. Sed. Petrol., 62, 1151-1155.
26. Illenberger, W.K. and Reddering, J.S.V. (1993) An evaluation of shape indices as palaeoenvironmental indicators using quartzite and meta-volcanic clasts in Upper Cretaceous to Palaeogene beach, river and submarine fan conglomerates - discussion. Sedimentology, 40, 1019-1020.
27. Janke, N.C. (1966) Effect of shape upon the settling velocity of regular convex geometric particles. J. Sed. Petrol., 36, 370-376.
28. Janoo, V.C. (1998) Quantification of Shape, Angularity and Surface Texture of Base Course Materials. US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, Special Report 98-1, 22 pp.
29. Krumbein, W.C. (1941) Measurement and geological significance of shape and roundness of sedimentary particles. J. Sed. Petrol., 11, 64-72.
30. Krumbein, W.C. and Pettijohn, F.J. (1938) Manual of Sedimentary Petrography. D. Appleton-Century Company, Inc., New York, 549 pp.
31. Kuenen, P.H. (1956) Experimental abrasion of pebbles. 2. Rolling by currents. J. Geol., 64, 336-368.
32. Kuo, C.Y., Frost, J.D., Lai, J.S. and Wang, L.B. (1996) Three-dimensional image analysis of aggregate particles from orthogonal projections. Transp. Res. Record, 1526, 98-103.
33. Lees, G. (1964a) A new method for determining the angularity of particles. Sedimentology, 3, 2-21.
34. Lees, G. (1964b) The measurement of particle shape and its influence in engineering materials. J. British Granite Whinstone Federation, 4, 1-22.
35. Lüttig, G. (1956) Eine neue, einfache geröllmorphometrische methode. Eiszeit. Gegen., 7, 13-20.
36. Mackie, W. (1897) On the laws that govern the rounding of particles of sand. Trans. Edinburgh Geol. Soc., 7, 298-311.
37. Oakey, R.J., Green, M., Carling, P.A., Lee, M.W.E., Sear, D.A. and Warburton, J. (2005) Grain-shape analysis - a new method for determining representative particle shapes for populations of natural grains. J. Sed. Res., 75, 1065-1073.
38. Orford, J.D. (1990) Particle form. In: Geomorphological Techniques (Ed. A.S. Goudie), 2nd edn, pp. 122-126. Unwin Hyman, London.
39. Pentland, A. (1927) A method of measuring the angularity of sands. Roy. Soc. Canada Proc. Trans. (Ser. 3), 21, xciii.
40. Pettijohn, F.J. (1949) Sedimentary Rocks. Harper and Brothers, New York, 526 pp.
41. Pettijohn, F.J., Potter, P.E. and Siever, R. (1972) Sand and Sandstone. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 618 pp.
42. Powers, M.C. (1953) A new roundness scale for sedimentary particles. J. Sed. Petrol., 23, 117-119.
43. Pryor, W.A. (1971) Grain shape. In: Procedures in Sedimentary Petrology (Ed. R.E. Carver), pp. 131-150. Wiley, New York.
44. Pye, W. and Pye, M. (1943) Sphericity determination of pebbles and sand grains. J. Sed. Petrol., 13, 28-34.
45. Riley, N.A. (1941) Projection sphericity. J. Sed. Petrol., 11, 94-97.
46. Rittenhouse, G. (1943) A visual method of estimating two-dimensional sphericity. J. Sed. Petrol., 13, 79-81.
47. Russell, R.D. and Taylor, R.E. (1937) Roundness and shape of Mississippi River sands. J. Geol., 45, 225-267.
48. Sneed, E.D. and Folk, R.L. (1958) Pebbles in the Lower Colorado River, Texas: A study in particle morphogenesis. J. Geol., 66, 114-150.
49. Sukumaran, B. and Ashmawy, A.K. (2001) Quantitative characterisation of the geometry of discrete particles. Geotechnique, 51, 619-627.
50. Teller, J.T. (1976) Equantcy versus sphericity. Sedimentology, 23, 427-428.
51. Tickell, F.G. (1931) The Examination of Fragmental Rocks. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 129 pp.
52. Wadell, H. (1932) Volume, shape, and roundness of rock particles. J. Geol., 40, 443-451.
53. Wadell, H. (1933) Sphericity and roundness of rock particles. J. Geol., 41, 310-331.
54. Wadell, H. (1935) Volume, shape, and roundness of quartz particles. J. Geol., 43, 250-280.
55. Wentworth, C.K. (1919) A laboratory and field study of cobble abrasion. J. Geol., 27, 507-521.
56. Wentworth, C.K. (1922a) The shapes of beach pebbles. US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 131-C, 75-83.
57. Wentworth, C.K. (1922b) A method of measuring and plotting the shapes of pebbles. In: The Shapes of Pebbles. US Geol. Surv. Bull., 730-C, 91-102.
58. Wentworth, C.K. (1922c) A field study of the shapes of river pebbles. In: The Shapes of Pebbles. Bull. US Geol. Surv., 730-C, 103-114.
59. Wentworth, C.K. (1933) The shapes of rock particles: A discussion. J. Geol., 41, 306-309.
60. Whalley, W.B. (1972) The description and measurement of sedimentary particles and the concept of form. J. Sed. Petrol., 42, 961-965.
61. Williams, E.M. (1965) A method of indicating pebble shape with one parameter. J. Sed. Petrol., 35, 993-996.
62. Zingg, T. (1935) Beitrag zur schotteranalyse. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 15, 39-140.