Supplying baseload power and reducing transmission requirements by interconnecting wind farms

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Volumn 46, Issue 11, 2007, Pages 1701-1717

  Archer, Cristina L ^a,b   Jacobson, Mark Z ^a  

^a Stanford University   (United States)

^b GEOPHYSICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION; ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION; ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION; PROBABILITY; WIND TURBINES;

BASELOAD POWER; WIND FARMS;

WIND POWER;

ELECTRICAL POWER; WIND FARM; WIND POWER; WIND TURBINE; WIND VELOCITY;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 38049150504     PISSN: 15588424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007JAMC1538.1     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Ackermann, T., 2005: Wind Power in Power Systems. John Wiley and Sons, 691 pp.
2. Ahlstrom, M., L. Jones, R. Zavadil, and W. Grant, 2005: The future of wind forecasting and utility operations. IEEE Power Energy Mag., 3, 57-64.
3. American Wind Energy Association, cited 2004: Global wind energy market report. [Available online at http://www.awea.org/pubs/documents/ globalmarket2004.pdf.]
4. Archer, C. L., and M. Z. Jacobson, 2003: Spatial and temporal distribution of U.S. winds and wind power at 80 m derived from measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4289, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002076.
5. Archer, C. L., and M. Z. Jacobson, 2004: Corrections to "Spatial and temporal distriution of U.S. winds and wind power at 80 m derived from measurements." J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20116, doi:10.1029/2004JD005099.
6. Archer, C. L., and M. Z. Jacobson, 2005: Evaluation of global wind power. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D12110, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD005462.
7. Archer, C. L., and M. Z. Jacobson, 2006: Comments on "Evaluation of a wind power parameterization using tower observations." J. Geophys. Res., 111, D10103, doi:10.1029/2005JD006098.
8. Czisch, G., and B. Ernst, 2001: High wind power penetration by the systematic use of smoothing effects within huge catchment areas shown in a European example. Proc. WINDPOWER 2001, Washington, DC, American Wind Energy Association.
9. DeMeo, E. A., W. Grant, M. R. Milligan, and M. J. Schuerger, 2005: Wind plant integration. IEEE Power Energy Mag., 3, 38-46.
10. Energy Information Administration, cited 2004: International energy annual 2002. [Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ international/.]
11. Eriksen, P. B., T. Ackermann, H. Abildgaard, P. Smith, W. Winter, and J. R. García, 2005: System operation with high wind penetration. IEEE Power Energy Mag., 3, 65-74.
12. Forecast System Laboratory, 2004: Recent worldwide RAOB observations. CD-ROM. [Available online at http://www.fsl.noaa.gov/data/ onlinedb.html.]
13. General Electric, 2004: 1.5sle/1.5sl/1.5s/l.5se wind turbines. 8 pp. [Available online at http://www.gewindenergy.com.]
14. Giebel, G., 2000: On the benefits of distributed generation of wind energy in Europe. Ph.D. thesis, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 97 pp.
15. Giebel, G., 2003: The state-of-the-art in short-term prediction of wind power: A literature overview. Project Anemos, Riso National Laboratory Tech. Rep., Roskilde, Denmark, 36 pp.
16. Holttinen, H., and R. Hirvonen, 2005: Power system requirements for wind power. Wind Power in Power Systems, T. Ackermann, Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 143-167.
17. International Energy Agency, 2003: Key World Energy Statistics 2003. International Energy Agency, Paris, France, 78 pp. [Available online at http://www.toplo-ruse.com/key2003.pdf.]
18. Jacobson, M. Z., and G. M. Masters, 2001: Exploiting wind versus coal. Science, 293, 1438.
19. Kahn, E., 1979: The reliability of distributed wind generators. Electric Power Syst. Res., 2, 1-14.
20. Lazarus, S. M., and J. Bewley, 2005: Evaluation of a wind power parameterization using tower observations. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D07102, doi:10.1029/2004JD005614.
21. Masters, G. M., 2004: Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems. John Wiley and Sons, 654 pp.
22. Matevosyan, J., 2005: Wind power in areas with limited transmission capacity. Wind Power in Power Systems, T. Ackermann, Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 433-459.
23. Milligan, M. R., and R. Artig, 1998: Reliability benefits of dispersed wind resource development. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/ CP-500-24314, Golden, CO, 11 pp.
24. Milligan, M. R., and R. Artig, 1999: Choosing wind power plant locations and sizes based on electric reliability measures using multiple-year wind speed measurements. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/ CP-500-26724, Golden, CO, 9 pp.
25. Milligan, M. R., and K. Porter, 2005: Determining the capacity value of wind: A survey of methods and implementation. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/CP-500-38062, Golden, CO, 30 pp.
26. National Climatic Data Center, 2004: Integrated surface hourly observations. CD-ROM. [Available online at http://ols.nndc. noaa.gov/ plotstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=C00353-CDR-S0001.]
27. Nørgård, P., G. Giebel, H. Holttinen, L. Söder, and A. Petterteig, 2004: Fluctuations and predictability of wind and hydropower. Project WILMAR, Risø National Laboratory Tech. Rep. R-1443(EN), Roskilde, Denmark, 72 pp.
28. North American Electric Reliability Council, cited 2005: 2000-2004 generating availability report. [Available online at http://www.nerc.com/ ~gads/.]
29. Piwko, R., D. Osborn, R. Gramlich, G. Jordan, D. Hawkins, and K. Porter, 2005: Wind energy delivery issues. IEEE Power Energy Mag., 3, 47-56.
30. Romanowitz, H. M., 2005: Wind power on weak grids in California and the US Midwest. Wind Power in Power Systems, T. Ackermann, Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 257-282.
31. Simonsen, T. K., and B. G. Stevens, 2004: Regional wind energy analysis for the Central United States. Proc. Global Wind Power 2004, Chicago, IL, American Wind Energy Association, 16 pp.
32. Zavadil, R., N. Miller, A. Ellis, and E. Muljadi, 2005: Making connections. IEEE Power Energy Mag., 3, 26-37.