Women in the service industries: National perspectives

Business History Review

Volumn 81, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 421-427

  Kwolek Folland, Angel ^a   Walsh, Margaret ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 38049113353     PISSN: 00076805     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0007680500036655     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. The historiographical essay by Margaret Walsh on transportation services was not originally presented in Barcelona and is new for this issue.
2. The U.S. economic census, beginning in the nineteenth century, devised economic categories for various industries. These "sectoral" divisions have expanded over time as new types of economic activity have developed. The "primary" sector is made up of economic activities that convert natural resources into products (i.e., agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining); the "secondary" sector contains manufacturing (i.e., the automobile, chemical, and steel industries); the "tertiary" sector covers the provision of services, including information and transportation, to other businesses or consumers. Some economists have argued for a fourth, "quaternary," sector that would encompass research, development, and various information services; however, these areas also belong in the tertiary sector. See, for example, Jennifer C. Boettcher and Leonard M. Gaines, Industry Research Using the Economic Census (Westport, Conn., 2004);
3. and Rondo E. Cameron, A Concise Economic History of the World: From Paleolithic Times to the Present (New York, 2003).
4. Some recent works on service industries include Gelina Harlaftis, Greek Shipowners and Greece, 1945-1975 (London, 1994);
5. Pamela Laird, Advertising Progress: American Business and the Rise of Consumer Marketing (Baltimore, Md., 1998);
6. Rowena Olegario, A Culture of Credit: Embedding Trust and Transparency in American Business (Cambridge, Mass., 2006);
7. Christopher D. McKenna, The World's Newest Profession: Management Consulting in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, U.K., 2006);
8. and Marc Levinson, The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger (Princeton, 2006).
9. Rosalind Rosenberg, Divided Lives: American Women in the Twentieth Century (New York, 1992), ch. 1.
10. See also Angel Kwolek-Folland, Incorporating Women: A History of Women and Business in the United States (New York, 2002), 8.
11. Barbara Curli, "Women Entrepreneurs and Italian Industrialization: Conjectures and Avenues for Research," Enterprise & Society 3 (Dec. 2002): 634-56;
12. Béatrice Craig, "Petites Bourgeoises and Penny Capitalists: Women in Retail in the Lille Area during the Nineteenth Century," Enterprise & Society 2 (June 2001): 198-224.
13. See also, Andrea Colli, The History of Family Business, 1850-2000 (New York, 2003);
14. Andrea Colli, Paloma Fernández Pérez, and Mary B. Rose, "National Determinants of Family Firm Development? Family Firms in Britain, Spain, and Italy in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries," Enterprise & Society 4 (2003): 28-64;
15. and Mary B. Rose, "The Family Firm in British Business, 1780-1914," in Business Enterprise in Modern Britain, eds. Maurice W. Kirby and Mary B. Rose (London, 1994), 61-87.
16. On the connections among bourgeois liberalism, market capitalism, and the political economy of the public sphere, see Jürgen Habermas, Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, trans. Thomas Burger and Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge, Mass., 1989);
17. Craig Calhoun, ed., Habermas and the Public Sphere (Cambridge, Mass., 1992);
18. Jeanne Boydston, Home and Work: Housework, Wages, and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic (New York, 1990);
19. and Estelle B. Freedman, No Turning Back: The History of Feminism and the Future of Women (New York, 2002).
20. Nancy Fraser, "What's Critical about Critical Theory? The Case of Habermas and Gender," New German Criticism 35 (Spring/Summer 1985): 107.
21. On gender and economics, see Drucilla Barker, Toward a Feminist Philosophy of Economics (London, 2003);
22. Mary Ann Dimand, Robert W. Dimand, and Evelyn L. Forget, eds., Women of Value: Feminist Essays on the History of Women in Economics (Aldershot, U.K., 1995);
23. Gillian J. Hewitson, Feminist Economics: Interrogating the Masculinity of Rational Economic Man (Cheltham, U.K., 1999);
24. Joyce P. Jacobsen, The Economics of Gender (Cambridge, 1994);
25. Janice Peterson and Margaret Lewis, eds., The Elgar Companion to Feminist Economics (Cheltenham, U.K., 1999);
26. and Michele A. Pujol, Feminism and Anti-Feminism in Early Economic Thought (Aldershot, U.K., 1992).
27. Fraser, "What's Critical," 107.
28. On public space and gender, see Gillian Rose, Feminism and Geography: The Limits of Geographical Knowledge (Minneapolis, 1993);
29. Joanne Meyerowitz, "Sexual Geography and Gender Economy: The Furnished Room Districts of Chicago, 1890-1930," Gender & History 2 (Autumn 1990): 274-96;
30. Dolores Hayden, The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History (Cambridge, 1996);
31. and Beverly Lemire, The Business of Everyday Life: Practice and Social Politics in England, c.1600-1900 (Manchester, U.K., 2005).
32. Bonnie Smith, The Gender of History: Men, Women, and Historical Practice (Cambridge, Mass., 1998);
33. and Mary A. Yeager, "Mavericks and Mavens of Business History: Miriam Beard and Henrietta Larson," Enterprise & Society 2 (Dec. 2001): 687-768.
34. See also Julie Des Jardins, Women and the Historical Enterprise in America: Gender, Race and the Politics of Memory, 1880-1945 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 2003).
35. Claudia Goldin, Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women (New York, 1990);
36. Julie Matthaei, An Economic History of Women in America: Women's Work, the Sexual Division of Labor, and the Development of Capitalism (New York, 1982). The only aspect of the classic tertiary sector in which women have not been active players is the public utility industry, which is a special case because of the massive infrastructure necessary for its maintenance.
37. See, however, Anne Clendenning, Demons of Domesticity: Women and the English Gas Industry, 1889-1939 (Aldershot, U.K., 2004);
38. and Mark Rose, Cities of Light and Heat: Domesticating Gas and Electricity in Urban America (University Park, Md., 1995).
39. Joan Jensen, Loosening the Bonds: Mid-Atlantic Farm Women, 1750-1850 (New Haven, Conn., 1986), ch. 6;
40. Angel Kwolek-Folland, Engendering Business: Men and Women in the Corporate Office, 1870-1930 (Baltimore, 1994);
41. Robin Leidner, "Serving Hamburgers and Selling Insurance: Gender, Work, and Identity in Interactive Service Jobs," Gender and Society 5 (June 1991): 154-77;
42. Ruth Oldenziel, Making Technology Masculine: Men, Women and Modern Machines in America, 1790-1945 (Amsterdam, 1999);
43. Sharon Strom, Beyond the Typewriter: Gender, Class and the Origins of Modern Office Work, 1900-1930 (Urbana, Ill., 1992);
44. Sally McMurray, Transforming Rural Life: Dairying Families and Agricultural Change, 1820-1885 (Baltimore, 1995).
45. "Women's wage employment in non-agricultural sector as percentage of total non-agricultural employees," United Nations Statistics Division, Millennium Indicators. Accessed at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/, 29 Jan. 2005.
46. http://www.nationmaster.com/, accessed 29 Jan. 2005.
47. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, tables 2, 32. Accessed at http://www.bls.gov/cps, 1 Aug. 2004.
48. For the United States, see reports by the National Foundation of Women Business Owners, at http://www.nfwbo.org, accessed 1 Aug. 2004.
49. On Europe, see United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Access to Financing and ITC for Women Entrepreneurs in the UNECE Region: Challenges and Good Practices (Geneva, 2004). Numerous national and international organizations address women's business participation.
50. See, for example, the Alliance of Business Women International (http://abwi.org) and the Center for International Private Enterprise (http://www.cipe.org).