Causes of metabolic acidosis in canine hemorrhagic shock: Role of unmeasured ions

Critical Care

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2007, Pages

  Bruegger, Dirk ^a   Kemming, Gregor I ^a   Jacob, Matthias ^a   Meisner, Franz G ^b   Wojtczyk, Christoph J ^c   Packert, Kristian B ^a   Keipert, Peter E ^d   Simon, N Simon ^e   Habler, Oliver P ^f   Becker, Bernhard F ^a   Rehm, Markus ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

^c Nuremberg Clinic Center   (Germany)

^d SANGART INC   (United States)

^e Alliance Pharmaceutical Corporation   (United States)

^f KRANKENHAUS NORDWEST   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 OXOGLUTARIC ACID; ACETIC ACID; ALBUMIN; CALCIUM ION; CHLORIDE ION; CITRIC ACID; FUMARIC ACID; LACTIC ACID; MAGNESIUM ION; PHOSPHATE; POTASSIUM ION; SODIUM ION; SULFATE; URATE; ANION;

ACID BASE BALANCE; ALBUMIN BLOOD LEVEL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANION GAP; ANION TRANSPORT; ARTICLE; BLOOD PH; CALCIUM BLOOD LEVEL; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; CARBON DIOXIDE BLOOD LEVEL; CHLORIDE BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK; HYPERLACTATEMIA; HYPOXEMIA; LACTATE BLOOD LEVEL; MAGNESIUM BLOOD LEVEL; METABOLIC ACIDOSIS; NONHUMAN; PERFUSION; PHOSPHATE BLOOD LEVEL; POTASSIUM BLOOD LEVEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SODIUM BLOOD LEVEL; ACIDOSIS; ANIMAL; BLOOD; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DOG; FEMALE; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM; ACIDOSIS; ANIMALS; ANIONS; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; DOGS; ELECTROPHORESIS, CAPILLARY; FEMALE; MALE; SHOCK, HEMORRHAGIC;

EID: 38049112893     PISSN: 13648535     EISSN: 1466609X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/cc6200     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Rackow EC Mecher C Astiz ME Goldstein C McKee D Weil MH Unmeasured anion during severe sepsis with metabolic acidosis Circ Shock 1990, 30:107-115. 2311201
2. van Lambalgen AA Bronsveld W van den Bos GC Thijs LG Distribution of cardiac output, oxygen consumption and lactate production in canine endotoxin shock Cardiovasc Re 1984, 18:195-205.
3. Kellum JA Determinants of blood pH in health and disease Crit Care 2000, 4:6-14. 137247 11094491 10.1186/cc644
4. Astrup P Jorgensen K Andersen O Engel K The acid-base metabolism. A new approach Lancet 1960, 1:1035-1039. 10.1016/S0140-6736(60)90930-2 13794904
5. Oh MS Carroll HJ The anion gap N Engl J Med 1977, 297:814-817. 895822
6. Stewart PA Modern quantitative acid-base chemistry Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1983, 61:1444-1461. 6423247
7. Kellum JA Kramer DJ Pinsky MR Strong ion gap: A methodology for exploring unexplained anions J Crit Care 1995, 10:51-55. 10.1016/ 0883-9441(95)90016-0 7647842
8. Gunnerson KJ Saul M He S Kellum JA Lactate versus non-lactate metabolic acidosis: A retrospective outcome evaluation of critically ill patients Crit Care 2006, 10:R22. 1550830 16507145 10.1186/cc3987
9. Kemming GI Meisner FG Wojtczyk CJ Packert KB Minor T Thiel M Tillmanns J Meier J Bottino D Keipert PE Oxygen as a top load to colloid and hyperoxia is more effective in resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock than colloid and hyperoxia alone Shock 2005, 24:245-254. 10.1097/ 01.shk.0000176184.51676.89 16135964
10. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press 1996
11. Crowell JW Smith EE Oxygen deficit and irreversible hemorrhagic shock Am J Physiol 1964, 206:313-316. 14120433
12. Dunham CM Siegel JH Weireter L Fabian M Goodarzi S Guadalupi P Gettings L Linberg SE Vary TC Oxygen debt and metabolic acidemia as quantitative predictors of mortality and the severity of the ischemic insult in hemorrhagic shock Crit Care Med 1991, 19:231-243. 10.1097/ 00003246-199102000-00020 1989759
13. Figge J Mydosh T Fencl V Serum proteins and acid-base equilibria: A follow-up J Lab Clin Med 1992, 120:713-719. 1431499
14. Figge J Jabor A Kazda A Fencl V Anion gap and hypoalbuminemia Crit Care Med 1998, 26:1807-1810. 9824071
15. Watson PD Modeling the effects of proteins on pH in plasma J Appl Physiol 1999, 86:1421-1427. 10194231
16. Fencl V Rossing TH Acid-base disorders in critical care medicine Annu Rev Med 1989, 40:17-29. 10.1146/annurev.me.40.020189.000313 2658746
17. Figge J Rossing TH Fencl V The role of serum proteins in acid-base equilibria J Lab Clin Med 1991, 117:453-467. 2045713
18. Bruegger D Bauer A Rehm M Niklas M Jacob M Irlbeck M Becker BF Christ F Effect of hypertonic saline dextran on acid-base balance in patients undergoing surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysm Crit Care Med 2005, 33:556-563. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000155986.01926.95 15753747
19. Bruegger D Jacob M Scheingraber S Conzen P Becker BF Finsterer U Rehm M Changes in acid-base balance following bolus infusion of 20% albumin solution in humans Intensive Care Med 2005, 31:1123-1127. 10.1007/ s00134-005-2683-4 15999255
20. Rehm M Orth V Scheingraber S Kreimeier U Brechtelsbauer H Finsterer U Acid-base changes caused by 5% albumin versus 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution in patients undergoing acute normovolemic hemodilution: A randomized prospective study Anesthesiology 2000, 93:1174-1183. 10.1097/ 00000542-200011000-00007 11046202
21. Rehm M Finsterer U Treating intraoperative hyperchloremic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate or tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane: A randomized prospective study Anesth Analg 2003, 96:1201-1208. 10.1213/ 01.ANE.0000048824.85279.41 12651685
22. Fencl V Jabor A Kazda A Figge J Diagnosis of metabolic acid-base disturbances in critically ill patients Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000, 162:2246-2251. 11112147
23. Rocktaeschel J Morimatsu H Uchino S Goldsmith D Poustie S Story D Gutteridge G Bellomo R Acid-base status of critically ill patients with acute renal failure: Analysis based on Stewart-Figge methodology Crit Care 2003, 7:R60-R66. 270700 12930557 10.1186/cc2333
24. Kellum JA Saline-induced hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis Crit Care Med 2002, 30:259-261. 10.1097/00003246-200201000-00046 11902280
25. Waters JH Bernstein CA Dilutional acidosis following hetastarch or albumin in healthy volunteers Anesthesiology 2000, 93:1184-1187. 10.1097/ 00000542-200011000-00008 11046203
26. Scheingraber S Rehm M Sehmisch C Finsterer U Rapid saline infusion produces hyperchloremic acidosis in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery Anesthesiology 1999, 90:1265-1270. 10.1097/ 00000542-199905000-00007 10319771
27. Kellum JA Unknown anions and gaps in medical knowledge Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005, 6:373-374. 10.1097/01.PCC.0000161612.76208.FE 15880011
28. Kaplan LJ Kellum JA Initial pH, base deficit, lactate, anion gap, strong ion difference, and strong ion gap predict outcome from major vascular injury Crit Care Med 2004, 32:1120-1124. 10.1097/ 01.CCM.0000125517.28517.74 15190960
29. Makino J Uchino S Morimatsu H Bellomo R A quantitative analysis of the acidosis of cardiac arrest: A prospective observational study Crit Care 2005, 9:R357-R362. 1269443 16137348 10.1186/cc3714
30. Moviat M van Haren F van der Hoeven H Conventional or physicochemical approach in intensive care unit patients with metabolic acidosis Crit Care 2003, 7:R41-R45. 270679 12793889 10.1186/cc2184
31. Kellum JA Bellomo R Kramer DJ Pinsky MR Hepatic anion flux during acute endotoxemia J Appl Physiol 1995, 78:2212-2217. 7665420
32. Forni LG Mc Kinnon W Lord GA Treacher DF Peron JMR Hilton PJ Circulating anions usually associated with the Krebs cycle in patients with metabolic acidosis Crit Care 2005, 9:R591-R595. 1297631 16277723 10.1186/ cc3806
33. Hassel B Ilebekk A Tonnessen T Cardiac accumulation of citrate during brief myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in the pig in vivo Acta Physiol Scand 1998, 164:53-59. 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1998.0400e.x 9777025
34. Peuhkurinen KJ Takala TE Nuutinen EM Hassinen IE Tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites during ischemia in isolated perfused rat heart Am J Physiol 1983, 244:H281-H288. 6824095
35. Rehm M Bruegger D Christ F Conzen P Thiel M Jacob M Chappell D Stoeckelhuber M Welsch U Reichart B Shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx in patients undergoing major vascular surgery with global and regional ischemia Circulation 2007, 116:1896-1906. 10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.106.684852 17923576
36. Cusack RJ Rhodes A Lochhead P Jordan B Perry S Ball JA Grounds RM Bennett ED The strong ion gap does not have prognostic value in critically ill patients in a mixed medical/surgical adult ICU Intensive Care Med 2002, 28:864-869. 10.1007/s00134-002-1318-2 12122523
37. Durward A Tibby SM Skellett S Austin C Anderson D Murdoch IA The strong ion gap predicts mortality in children following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005, 6:281-285. 10.1097/ 01.PCC.0000163979.33774.89 15857525
38. Kellum JA Song M Li J Science review: Extracellular acidosis and the immune response: Clinical and physiologic implications Crit Care 2004, 8:331-336. 1065014 15469594 10.1186/cc2900
39. Morgan TJ The meaning of acid-base abnormalities in the intensive care unit: Part III - effects of fluid administration Crit Care 2005, 9:204-211. 1175908 15774079 10.1186/cc2946
40. Hayhoe M Bellomo R Liu G McNicol L Buxton B The aetiology and pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary bypass-associated metabolic acidosis using polygeline pump prime Intensive Care Med 1999, 25:680-685. 10.1007/ s001340050930 10470571
41. Morimatsu H Rocktaschel J Bellomo R Uchino S Goldsmith D Gutteridge G Comparison of point-of-care versus central laboratory measurement of electrolyte concentrations on calculations of the anion gap and the strong ion difference Anesthesiology 2003, 98:1077-1084. 10.1097/ 00000542-200305000-00009 12717128
42. Zander R Lang W Base excess and strong ion difference: Clinical limitations related to inaccuracy Anesthesiology 2004, 100:459-460. 10.1097/00000542-200402000-00053 14739833