An efficacy study of 3 commercially available hydroquinone 4% treatments for melasma

Cutis

Volumn 80, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 497-502

  Grimes, Pearl E ^a,b  

^a Vitiligo and Pigmentation Institute of Southern California   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE; HYDROQUINONE; HYDROQUINONE DERIVATIVE; RETINOIC ACID; RETINOL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MELANOSIS; MIDDLE AGED; TOPICAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ADULT; ANTIOXIDANTS; FEMALE; FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE; HUMANS; HYDROQUINONES; MELANOSIS; MIDDLE AGED; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TRETINOIN; VITAMIN A;

EID: 38049029639     PISSN: 00114162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (10)

1. Freedberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, et al, eds. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1999.
2. Pathak MA, Fitzpatrick TB, Kraus EW. Usefulness of retinoic acid in the treatment of melasma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;15(4 pt 2):894-899.
3. Halder RM, Grimes PE, McLaurin CI, et al. Incidence of common dermatoses in a predominantly black dermatologic practice. Cutis. 1983;32:388-390.
4. Grimes PE. Melasma: etiologic and therapeutic considerations. Arch Dermatol. 1995;131:1453-1457.
5. Sanchez NP, Pathak MA, Sato S, et al. Melasma: a clinical, light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescence study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1981;4:698-710.
6. Sanchez JL, Vazquez M. A hydroquinone solution in the treatment of melasma. Int J Dermatol. 1982;21:55-58.
7. Haddad AL, Matos LF, Brunstein F, et al. A clinical, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial comparing skin whitening complex with hydroquinone vs placebo in the treatment of melasma. Int J Dermatol. 2003;42:153-156.
8. Torok HM, Jones T, Rich P, et al. Hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05%, fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%: a safe and efficacious 12-month treatment for melasma. Cutis. 2005;75:57-62.
9. Grimes PE. A microsponge formulation of hydroqui-none 4% and retinol 0.15% in the treatment of melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Cutis. 2004;74:362-368.
10. Torok HM. A comprehensive review of the long-term and short-term treatment of melasma with a triple combination cream. Am J. Clin Dermatol. 2006;7:223-230.