Evolving nonendocrine therapeutic options for metastatic breast cancer: How adjuvant chemotherapy influences treatment

Clinical Breast Cancer

Volumn 7, Issue 11, 2007, Pages 841-849

  Conte, PierFranco ^a   Guarneri, Valentina ^a   Bengala, Carmelo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MODENA AND REGGIO EMILIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Capecitabine; CMF; Gemcitabine; HER2; Hormone receptors; Lapatinib; Monoclonal antibodies; Vincristine; Vinflunine

Indexed keywords

ANTHRACYCLINE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; CAPECITABINE; CARBOPLATIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DOCETAXEL; DOXORUBICIN; EPIRUBICIN; EPOTHILONE B; EPOTHILONE D; EPOTHILONE DERIVATIVE; FLUOROURACIL; GEMCITABINE; IXABEPILONE; LAPATINIB; METHOTREXATE; NAVELBINE; PACLITAXEL; PERTUZUMAB; TAXANE DERIVATIVE; TRASTUZUMAB; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VINFLUNINE; ZK EPOTHILONE;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ADJUVANT THERAPY; ALOPECIA; BLEEDING; BLOOD TOXICITY; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CELL; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER RELAPSE; CANCER RISK; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CARDIOTOXICITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CONSTIPATION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; DIARRHEA; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SENSITIVITY; DRUG TARGETING; FATIGUE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MASTECTOMY; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; METASTASIS; MONOTHERAPY; MUCOSA INFLAMMATION; NAUSEA; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEINURIA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RASH; REVIEW; SENSORY NEUROPATHY; TREATMENT FAILURE; TUMOR BIOPSY; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VOMITING;

EID: 38049014517     PISSN: 15268209     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3816/CBC.2007.n.048     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, et al. GLOBOCAN 2000 : cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worlwide, version 1.0. IARC CanceBase No. 5. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2001.
2. Greenlee RT, Hill-Harmon MB, Murray T, et al. Cancer statistics, 2001. CA Cancer J Clin 2001, 51:15-36.
3. American Cancer Society. Cancer facts and figures, 2007-2008. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2007:1-32.
4. Boyle P, d'Onofrio A, Maisonneuve P, et al. Measuring progress against cancer in Europe: has the 15% decline targeted for 2000 come about? Ann Oncol 2003; 14:1312-25.
5. Ravdin PM, Cronin KA, Howlader N, et al. The decrease in breast-cancer incidence in 2003 in the United States. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1670-4.
6. Greenberg PA, Hortobagyi GN, Smith TL, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with complete remission following combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14:2197-205.
7. Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Smith TL, et al. Is breast cancer survival improving? Cancer 2004; 100:44-52.
8. Chia SK, Speers C, Kang A, et al. The impact of new chemotherapeutic and hormonal agents on the survival of women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in a population based cohort. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003; 22:6 (Abstract 22).
9. Andre F, Slimane K, Bachelot T, et al. Breast cancer with synchronous metastases: trends in survival during a 14-year period. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:3302-8.
10. Fossati R, Confalonieri C, Torri W, et al. Cytotoxic and hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review of published randomized trials involving 31,510 women. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:3439-60.
11. Gennari A, Conte P, Rosso R, et al. Survival of metastatic breast carcinoma patients over a 20-year period: a retrospective analysis based on individual patient data from six consecutive studies. Cancer 2005; 104:1742-50.
12. Bonadonna G, Brusamolino E, Valagussa P, et al. Combination chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1976; 294:405-10.
13. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Group. Polichemotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomized trials. Lancet 1998; 352:930-42.
14. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005; 365:1687-717.
15. Martin M, Pienkowski T, Mackey J, et al. Adjuvant docetaxel for node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:2302-13.
16. Henderson IC, Berry DA, Demetri GD, et al. Improved outcomes from adding sequential paclitaxel but not from escalating doxorubicin dose in an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for patients with node-positive primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:976-83.
17. Bria E, Nisticò C, Cuppone F, et al. Benefit of taxanes as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Cancer 2006; 106:2337-44.
18. Rodomont EH, Peres EA, Bryant J, et al. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER-2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1673-84.
19. Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Procter M, Leyland-Jones B, et al. Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1659-72.
20. Slamon D, Eiermann W, Robert N, et al. Phase III randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (ACT) with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel and trastuzumab (ACTH) with docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab (TCH) in HER2 positive early breast cancer patients: BCIRG 006 study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 94(suppl 1):S5 (Abstract 1).
21. Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Bono P, et al. Adjuvant docetaxel or vinorelbine with or without trastuzumab for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:809-20.
22. Clark GM, Sledge GW Jr, Osborne CK, et al. Survival from first recurrence: relative importance of prognostic factors in 1,015 breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 1987; 5:55-61.
23. Ahmann FR, Jones SE, Moon TE. The effect of prior adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in metastatic breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 1988; 37:116-22.
24. Kardinal CG, Perry MC, Korzun AH, et al. Responses to chemotherapy or chemohormonal therapy in advanced breast cancer patients treated previously with adjuvant chemotherapy. A subset analysis of CALGB Study 8081. Cancer 1988; 61:415-9.
25. Falkson G, Gelman R, Falkson CI, et al. Factors predicting for response, time to treatment failure, and survival in women with metastatic breast cancer treated with DAVTH: a prospective Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9:2153-61.
26. Bonneterre J, Mercier M. Response to chemotherapy after relapse in patients with or without previous adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. The French Epirubicin Study Group. Cancer Treat Rev 1993; 19(suppl B):21-30.
27. Venturini M, Bruzzi P, Del Mastro L, et al. Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy with or without anthracyclines on the activity and efficacy of first-line cyclophosphamide, epidoxorubicin, and fluorouracil in patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14:764-73.
28. Pierga JY, Asselain B, Jouve M, et al. Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on outcome in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma treated with first-line doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy. Cancer 2001; 91:1079-89.
29. Gennari A, Bruzzi P, Orlandini C, et al. Activity of first-line epirubicin and paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer is independent of type of adjuvant therapy. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:962-7.
30. Diaz LK, Sneige N. Estrogen receptor analysis for breast cancer: current issues and keys to increasing testing accuracy. Adv Anat Pathol 2005, 12:10-9.
31. Roche PC, Suman VJ, Jenkins RB, et al. Concordance between local and central laboratory HER2 testing in the Breast Intergroup Trial N9831. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94:855-7.
32. Kuukasjarvi T, Kononen J, Helin H, et al. Loss of estrogen receptor in recurrent breast cancer is associated with poor response to endocrine therapy. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14:2584-9.
33. Spataro V, Price K, Goldhirsch A, et al. Sequential estrogen receptor determinations from primary breast cancer and at relapse: prognostic and therapeutic relevance. The International Breast Cancer Study Group (formerly Ludwig Group). Ann Oncol 1992; 3:733-40.
34. Gancberg D, Di Leo A, Cardoso F, et al. Comparison of HER-2 status between primary breast cancer and corresponding distant metastatic sites. Ann Oncol 2002; 13:1036-43.
35. Zidan J, Dashkovsky I, Stayerman C, et al. Comparison of HER-2 overexpression in primary breast cancer and metastatic sites and its effect on biological targeting therapy of metastatic disease. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:552-6.
36. Gancberg D, Di Leo A, Cardoso F, et al. Comparison of HER-2 status between primary breast cancer and corresponding distant metastatic sites. Ann Oncol 2002; 13:1036-43.
37. Fuchs IB, Siemer I, Buhler H, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor changes during breast cancer metastasis. Anticancer Res 2006; 26:4397-401.
38. Tinari N, Lattanzio R, Natoli C, et al. Changes of topoisomerase II alpha expression in breast tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts relapse-free survival. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:1501-6.
39. Paradiso A, Mangia A, Chiriatti A, et al. Biomarkers predictive for clinical efficacy of taxol-based chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2005; 16(suppl 4):iv14-iv19.
40. Rouzier R, Rajan R, Wagner P, et al. Microtubule-associated protein tau: a marker of paclitaxel sensitivity in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:8315-20.
41. Nagata Y, Lan KH, Zhou X, et al. PTEN activation contributes to tumor inhibition by trastuzumab, and loss of PTEN predicts trastuzumab resistance in patients. Cancer Cell 2004; 6:117-27.
42. Gennari A, Salvadori B, Donati S, et al. Cardiotoxicity of epirubicin paclitaxel-containing regimens: role of cardiac risk factors. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:3596-602.
43. O'Brien M, Wigler N, Inbar M, et al. Reduced cardiotoxicity and comparable efficacy in a phase III trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl (CAELYX/Doxil) versus conventional doxorubicin for first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2004; 15:440-9.
44. O'Shaughnessy J, Miles D, Vukelja S, et al. Superior survival with capecitabine plus docetaxel combination therapy in antracycline pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer: phase III trial results. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:2812-23.
45. Albain KS, Nag S, Calderillo-Ruiz G, et al. Global phase III study of gemcitabine plus paclitaxel (GT) vs. paclitaxel (T) as frontline therapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC): first report of overall survival. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2004; 23:5 (Abstract 510).
46. Chan S, Romieu G, Huober J, et al. Gemcitabine plus docetaxel (GD) versus capecitabine plus docetaxel (CD) for anthracycline-pretreated metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (pts): results of a European phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(16 suppl):24s (Abstract 581).
47. Ghersi D, Wilcken N, Simes RJ, et al. A systematic review of taxane containing regimens for metastatic breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:293-301.
48. Valero V, Jones SE, Daniel D, et al. A phase II study of docetaxel in patients with paclitaxel-resistant metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:3362-8.
49. Seidman AD, Hochhauser D, Gollub M, et al. Ninety-six hour paclitaxel infusion after progression during short taxane exposure: a phase II pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14:1877-84.
50. Blum JL, Jones SE, Buzdar AU, et al. Multicenter phase II study of capecitabine in paclitaxel-refractory metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:485-93.
51. Reichardt P, Von Minckwitz G, Thuss-Patience PC, et al. Multicenter phase II study of oral capecitabine (Xeloda®) in patients with metastatic breast cancer relapsing after treatment with a taxane-containing therapy. Ann Oncol 2003; 14:1227-33.
52. Fumoleau P, Largillier R, Clippe C, et al. Multicentre, phase II study evaluating capecitabine monotherapy in patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:536-42.
53. Blum JL, Dieras V, Lo Russo PM, et al. Multicenter, phase II study of capecitabine in taxane-pretreated metastatic breast carcinoma patients. Cancer 2001; 92:1759-68.
54. Rha SY, Moon YH, Jeung HC, et al. Gemcitabine monotherapy as salvage chemotherapy in heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 90:215-21.
55. Modi S, Currie VE, Seidman AD, et al. A phase II trial of gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline and taxane. Clin Breast Cancer 2005; 6:55-60.
56. Martin M, Ruiz A, Munoz M, et al. Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine versus vinorelbine monotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes: final results of the phase III Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM) trial. Lancet Oncol 2007; 8:219-25.
57. Beslija S, Bonneterre J, Burstein H, et al. Second consensus on medical treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2007; 18:215-22.
58. Carrick S, Parker S, Wilcken N, et al. Single agent versus combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; (2):CD003372.
59. Lee FY, Borzilleri R, Fairchild CR, et al. BMS-247550: a novel epothilone analog with a mode of action similar to paclitaxel but possessing superior antitumor efficacy. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:1429-37.
60. Thomas E, Tabernero J, Fornier M, et al. Phase II clinical trial of ixabepilone (BMS-247550), an epothilone B analog, in patients with taxane-resistant metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:3399-406.
61. Perez EA, Lerzo G, Pivot X, et al. Efficacy and safety of ixabepilone (BMS-247550) in a phase II study of patients with advanced breast cancer resistant to an anthracycline, a taxane, and capecitabine. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:3407-14.
62. Bunnell CA, Klimovsky J, Thomas E, et al. Final efficacy results of a phase I/II trial of ixabepilone in combination with capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated with a taxane and an anthracycline. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24(18 suppl):568s (Abstract 10511).
63. Vahdat LT, Thomas E, Li R, et al. Phase III trial of ixabepilone plus capecitabine compared to capecitabine alone in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated or resistant to an anthracycline and resistant to taxanes. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(18 suppl):33s (Abstract 1006).
64. Roché H, Perez E, Llombart-Cussac A, et al. Ixabepilone, an epothilone B analog, is effective in ER, PR, HER-2 negative (triple negative) patients (pts): data from neoadjuvant and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) trials. Ann Oncol 2006; 17(9 suppl):ix97 (Abstract 256P).
65. Lee FY, Castaneda S, Inigo I, et al. Ixabepilone (BMS-247550) plus trastuzumab combination chemotherapy induces synergistic antitumor efficacy in HER2 dependent breast cancers and is accompanied by modulation of molecular response markers. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(16 suppl):19s (Abstract 561).
66. Lee F, Castenada S, Hawkin D, et al. Bevacizumab/ixabepilone (BMS-247550) combination produces synergistic antitumor efficacy in multiple tumor models in vivo and is superior to bevacizumab/paclitaxel combination. Presented at: the 2005 AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics: Discovery, Biology, and Clinical Applications; November 14-18, 2005; Philadelphia, PA. Abstract 3243.
67. Thompson J, Swerdloff J, Escudier B, et al. Phase II trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of EPO906 in patients with advanced renal cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003; 22:405 (Abstract 1628).
68. Østerlind K, Sánchez JM, Zatloukal P, et al. Phase I/II dose escalation trial of patupilone every 3 weeks in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(16 suppl):647s (Abstract 7110).
69. Smit W, Šufliarsky J, Spanik S, et al. Phase I/II dose-escalation trial of patupilone every 3 weeks in patients with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(16 suppl):468s (Abstract 5056).
70. Buzdar A, Silverman P, Kaufman PA, et al. A phase II study of KOS-862 (epothilone D) in anthracycline and taxane pretreated metastatic breast cancer: updated results. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 94(1 suppl):S69 (Abstract 1087).
71. Overmoyer B, Waintraub S, Kaufman P, et al. Phase II trial of KOS-862 (epothilone D) in anthracycline and taxane pretreated metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(16 suppl):72s (Abstract 778).
72. Schmid P, Kiewe P, Kuehnhardt D, et al. A phase I study of the novel, third generation epothilone ZK-EPO in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(16 suppl):147s (Abstract 2051).
73. Campone M, Cortes-Funes H, Vorobiof D, et al. Vinflunine: a new active drug for second-line treatment of advanced breast cancer. Results of a phase II and pharmacokinetic study in patients progressing after first-line anthracycline/taxane-based chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:1161-6.
74. Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, et al. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER-2 for metastatic breast cancer that over-expresses HER-2. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:783-92.
75. Seidman A, Hudis C, Pierri MK, et al. Cardiac dysfunction in the trastuzumab clinical trials experience. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:1215-21.
76. Marty M, Cognetti F, Maraninchi D, et al. Randomized phase II trial of the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer administered as first-line treatment: the M77001 study group. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:4265-74.
77. Burstein HJ, Harris LN, Marcom PK, et al. Trastuzumab and vinorelbine as first-line therapy for HER-2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer: multicenter phase II trial with clinical outcomes, analysis of serum tumor markers, predictive factors and cardiac surveillance algorithm. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:2889-95.
78. Konecny GE, Pegram MD. Gemcitabine in combination with trastuzumab and/or platinum salts in breast cancer cells with HER2 overexpression. Oncology 2004; 18(suppl 12):32-6.
79. Robert N, Leyland-Jones B, Asmar L, et al. Randomized phase III study of trastuzumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin compared with trastuzumab and paclitaxel in women with HER-2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:2786-92.
80. Forbes JF, Pienkowski T, Valero V, et al. BCIRG 007: randomized phase III trial of trastuzumab plus docetaxel with or without carboplatin first line in HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). J Clin Oncol 2006, 24(18 suppl):7s (Abstract LBA516).
81. Pestalozzi BC, Brignoli S. Trastuzumab in CSF. J Clin Oncol 2000; 11:2349-51.
82. Bendell JC, Domchek SM, Burstein HJ, et al. Central nervous system metastases in women who receive trastuzumab-based therapy for metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003; 97:2972-7.
83. Nielsen TO, Hsu FD, Jensen K, et al. Immunohistochemical and clinical characterization of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:5367-74.
84. Sørlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, et al. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:10869-74.
85. Sørlie T, Tibshirani R, Parker J, et al. Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:8418-23.
86. Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumors. Nature 2000, 406:747-52.
87. Osbourne CR, Kannan L, Ashley S, et al. Clinical and pathological characterization of basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 94(suppl 1): (Abstract 2098).
88. Rodriguez-Pinilla SM, Sarrio D, Honrado E, et al. Prognostic significance of basal-like phenotype and fascin expression in node negative invasive breast carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:1533-9.
89. Foulkes WD. BRCA1 and BRCA2: chemosensitivity, treatment outcomes and prognosis. Fam Cancer 2006; 5:135-42.
90. Rouzier R, Perou CM, Symmans WF, et al. Breast cancer molecular subtypes respond differently to preoperative chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:5678-85.
91. Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer L, et al. The triple negative paradox: primary tumor chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2329-34.
92. Burris HA, Taylor C, Jones S, et al. Phase I safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity study of lapatinib (GW572016), a reversible, dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic carcinomas. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:5305-13.
93. Burstein H, Storniolo AM, Franco S, et al. A phase II, open-label, multicenter study of lapatinib in two cohorts of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have progressed while receiving trastuzumab containing regimens. Ann Oncol 2004; 15(suppl 3):27 (Abstract 1040).
94. Moy B, Goss PE. Lapatinib: current status and future directions in breast cancer. Oncologist 2006; 11:1047-57.
95. Geyer CE, Forster J, Lindquist D, et al. Lapatinib plus capecitabine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:2733-43.
96. Cameron D, Martin AM, Newstat B, et al. Lapatinib (L) plus capecitabine (C) in HER2+ advanced breast cancer (ABC): genomic and updated efficacy data. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(18 suppl):40s (Abstract 1035).
97. Agus DB, Gordon MS, Taylor C, et al. Phase I clinical study of pertuzumab, a novel HER dimerization inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:2534-43.
98. Walshe JM, Denduluri N, Berman AW, et al. A phase II trial with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in patients with HER2-overexpressed locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2006; 6:535-9.
99. Baselga J, Cameron D, Miles D, et al. Objective response rate in a phase II multicenter trial of pertuzumab (P), a HER2 dimerization inhibiting monoclonal antibody, in combination with trastuzumab (T) in patients (pts) with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) which has progressed during treatment with T. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(18 suppl):33s (Abstract 1004).
100. Miller KD, Chap LI, Holmes FA, et al. Randomized phase III trial of capecitabine compared with bevacizumab in patients with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:792-9.
101. Miller KD, Wang M, Gralow J, et al. A randomized phase III trial of paclitaxel versus paclitaxel plus bevacizumab as first-line therapy for locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: a trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E2100). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 94(suppl 1):S6 (Abstract 3).
102. Miller KD, Burstein HJ, Elias AD, et al. Phase II study of SU11248, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in patients (pts) with previously treated metastatic breast cancer (MBC). J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(16 suppl):19s (Abstract 563).
103. Rugo HS, Stopeck A, Joy AA, et al. A randomized, double-blind phase II study of the oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) axitinib (AG-013736) in combination with docetaxel (DOC) compared to DOC plus placebo (PL) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(18 suppl):32s (Abstract 1003).
104. Ellard S, Gelmon KA, Chia S, et al. A randomized phase II study of two different schedules of RAD001C in patients with recurrent/metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(18 suppl):141s (Abstract 3513).