The altars of the idols: Religion, sacrifice, and the early modern polity

Journal of the History of Ideas

Volumn 67, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 649-673

  Sheehan, Jonathan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 37849188381     PISSN: 00225037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jhi.2006.0040     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. John Milbank, "Stories of Sacrifice," Modern Theology 12 (1996): 41.
2. Cyprian, De Lapsis, trans. Maurice Bcvenot (Oxford: Clarendon, 1971), 37.
3. Cyprian, De Lapsis, 37, 13-15, 41.
4. Richard Hakluyt, Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965), 778, spelling modernized.
5. Thomas Tenison, Of Idolatry (London: Francis Tyton, 1678), 21, 22.
6. Miri Rubin, Corpus Christi: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 309.
7. On the blood cult more generally, see Caroline Walker Bynum, "The Blood of Christ in the Later Middle Ages," Church History 71 (2002): 685-714.
8. William T. Cavenaugh, "Eucharistic Sacrifice and the Social Imagination in Early Modern Europe," Journal of Medieval and Early Modem Studies 31 (2001): 588;
9. more generally, see Francis Clark, Eucharistic Sacrifice and the Reformation (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1967).
10. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, trans. Henry Beveridge (London: John Clarke, 1953), chap. 18.7, 2:612.
11. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, Ibid., chap. 17.36, 2:594.
12. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, Ibid., chap. 18.1, 2:607.
13. John 19.30.
14. Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, chap. 18.3, 2:609.
15. Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, Ibid., chap. 17.35, 2:595.
16. Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, Ibid., chap. 17.14, 2:567.
17. Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, Ibid., chap. 17.34, 2:591.
18. Debora Kuller Shuger, The Renaissance Bible: Scholarship, Sacrifice, and Subjectivity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), 163.
19. Arnold Hunt, "The Lord's Supper in Early Modern England," Past and Present 161 (1998): 39-83.
20. Hugo Grotius, Defensio fidei catholicae de satisfactione Christi in Opera theologica, trans. Hotze Mulder (Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1990), 1: 193, 143, 253, 259.
21. Hugo Grotius, Opera theologica, Ibid., 55.
22. St. Augustine, Contra Faustum Manichaeum, 19.16,
23. in Opera omnia (Paris: Gaume Fratres, 1835-38), 8:509.
24. Thomas Godwin, Moses and Aaron: Civil and Ecclesiastical Rites, used by the ancient Hebrews, 7th ed. (London: Andrew Crook and John Williams, 1655), 148, 149.
25. Theophilus Gale, The Court of the Gentiles (Oxford: Tho. Gilbert, 1672), 2:132, 2:14ff.
26. Theophilus Gale, The Court of the Gentiles, Ibid, 2:135.
27. Samuel Bochart, Hierozoicon, sive bipertitum opus de animalibus sacrae scripturae (London: Tho. Roycroft, 1663), 1:339, 340ff.
28. Joseph de Acosta, Natural and Moral History of the Indies, trans. Frances M. López-Morillas (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2002), 275.
29. Joseph de Acosta, Natural and Moral History of the Indies, Ibid., 315.
30. Godwin, Moses and Aaron, 149.
31. Gale, Court of the Gentiles, 2:134.
32. See also The Second Tome of Homilies ... Set Out by the Authority of the Queen's Majesty ([London], 1574), 105.
33. Gale, Court of the Gentiles, 2:93.
34. "Sacrifidorum, Oblationum ac Praestationum atque actuum Sacrorum multiplicium qui ipsis in usu, ratio ineunda est duplex; aut qua ex humani generis usu solenniores erant, spontaneae ac simpliciores, aut qua adjecta habuere Jussa, Ceremonias, ritusque Ebraeis peculiares, In Priori genere censebant ipsi Holocauste plane Spontanea, tum quae Sacris usibus reliqua sive ex Voto sive ex Donatione ultro ac simpliciter addicta sunt. Posterioris generis exempla habentur in Libaminibus, Pacifias, Expiatoriis, quorum & ritus varii Ebraeis praescripti sunt, & finis, praeter Simplicem Cultum diversimodo etiam peculiaris. ..." John Selden, De jure naturali & gentium juxta disciplinant Ehraeorum (London: Richard Bishop, 1640), 282.
35. Alexander Ross, Pansebeia, or, a view of all Religions in the World (London: James Young, 1653), 539.
36. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiastical and Civil (London: Andrew Crooke, 1651), 356.
37. Ross, Pansebeia, 539;
38. Hobbes, Leviathan, 358,
39. "... gentiles, praeter eximios quosdam, etiam cum Deum congnoscerent, eum tarnen non cognoscerent Deum: hoc est, cum viderent esse Deum, qui universum hoc regeret, & coli a nobis vellet; non tarnen viderent, eum esse, cuius revera esset divinitas; ut qui eam tribuerint Dei opificio, quam rerum naturam vocamus"; Gerhard Vossius, De theologia gentili, et physiologia christiana; sive de origine ac progressu idololatriae (Amsterdam: Ion. & Cornelius Blaeu, 1641), 1:23.
40. Thomas Fuller, Pisgah Sight of Palestine (London: J. F., 1650), 125.
41. William Sherlock, The Second Part of the Preservative against Popery (London: William Rogers, 1688), 5, 10.
42. Ross, Pansebeia, 539.
43. "Quod enim Sol est sensui nostro, id intellectui est Deus: atque ut Solem non videmus, nisi luce Solari; ita nec Deum cernimus, nisi luce ipsius spirituali"; "Homines inbecillis intellectus non valentes corporalia transcendere, non crediderunt aliquid esse ultra naturam corporis sensibilim,"
44. Vossius, De theologia gentili, 2: 314, 316.
45. "Depravatam autem mentem, etiam & Intellectum Humanum qualemcunque, citra eiusmodi opem, in Imperatis illis ceterisque rite discernendis plane hallucinari. Nimirum ut Oculo a Sole seu ex radiis solaribus in Horologio aliterve horae ad amussim demonstrantur, ita velut in appensa ob Intellectum Humanum perpetuo tabula seu libro expanso indicari ei rite disposito.... Praecepta illa seu Jura Naturalis ..."; Selden, De jure naturali, 111.
46. Richard Hooker, Of the Laws of the Ecclesiastical Polity, ed. Georges Edelen (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977), 1: 59.
47. Debora Kuller Shuger, Habits of Thought in the English Renaissance: Religion, Politics, and the Dominant Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 73.
48. Samuel Parker, Reasons for Abrogating the Test, Imposed on All Members of Parliament Anno 1678 Octob. 30 (London: Henry Bonwicke, 1688), 124.
49. John Spencer, De legibus hebraeorum ritualibus (Cambridge: John Hayes, 1685), 24.
50. On this, see my "Sacred and Profane: Idolatry, Antiquarianism, and the Polemics of Distinction," Past and Present (forthcoming, August 2006).
51. "Populus Israeliticus ... sacrificiis, expiationibus, purificationibus, & hiusmodi religionibus, assuetus, ad Dei veri cultum adduci non potuit, nisi Deus ritus illos, & alios quibus usus eorum animos devinxerat, emendates & in usum sacratiorem eventos, in cultu suo tolerasset," ibid., 639.
52. Robert Kolb and James A. Nestingen, eds., Sources and Contexts of the Book of Concord (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2001), 167.
53. Parker, Abrogating the Test, 123.
54. Giambattista Vico, The New Science, trans. Thomas Goddard Bergin and Max Harold Fisch (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1968), 70.
55. Publius Statius, Thebaid (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982), 3.661, p. 501;
56. here repeating Petronius, Satyricon, ed. Konrad Müller (Munich: Ernst Heimeran, 1961), fragment 27.1, p. 191.
57. Vico, New Science, 72.
58. Vico, New Science, Ibid., 102.
59. Vico, New Science, Ibid., 120.
60. Karl Jaspers, The Origin and Goal of History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953), 1, 3.
61. Vico, New Science, 100, 112.
62. Marcel Gauchet, The Disenchantment of the World: A Political History of Religion (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 14-15.
63. Jaspers, Origin and Goal, 19.
64. Freud, Civilization and its Discontents, trans. James Strachey (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 68.
65. John Bossy, Christianity in the West, 1400-1700 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), 142
66. Spencer, De legibus, 40, 81, 107.
67. Jan Assmann, Moses the Egyptian: The Memory of Egypt in Western Monotheism (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997), 65.
68. 2 Kings 12.3.
69. John Weemse, An Exposition of the Ceremonial Laws of Moses (London: M. Dawson, 1636), 17.
70. Parker, Reasons for Abrogating, 120.
71. Godwin, Moses and Aaron, 75.
72. "Neque tamen suo cuiusque arbitrio permittenda erat ea religio, quae, nisi Dei ipsius legibus definita & circumscripta fuisset, in barbaros & externos mores facile labi potuisset, populumque superstionum avidum in cultum extraneum sensim ducere"; William Owtram, De sacrificiis libri duo (London: T. Roycroft, 1677), 11.
73. Maimonides, The Guide of the Perplexed, trans. Shlomo Pines (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963), 529.
74. Gale, Court of the Gentiles, 2:147.
75. Gilbert Burnet, A Discourse Concerning Transubstantiation and Idolatry (London: [n.p.], 1688), 6.
76. "Sacrificium, quatenus munus erat, & e sua pene natura, usibus illis aptum censeatur: sed e solo hominum insituto factum est, quod sacrificium quandoque foederale esset, & ad foedus inter Deum & homines, aut solos homines, firmandum inserviret," Spencer, De legibus, 664.
77. John Edwards, A Compleat History or Survey of All the Dispensations and Methods of Religion (London: Daniel Brown, 1699), 140, 164.
78. "Posteriori ratione mulier obliviscitur conjugis sui, sive foederis conjugalis, quando illecebris pellecta sese alteri prostituit. Ac homo item dicitur oblitus Dei, & foederis divini, cum stultis cogitationibus indulgens, alium colere Deum, vel in symbolo interdicto venerare praesumit," Vossius, De theologia gentili, 19.
79. Vossius, De theologia gentili, Ibid., 191, 189.
80. Vossius, De theologia gentili, Ibid., 189.
81. Vossius, De theologia gentili, Ibid., 334.
82. Vossius, De theologia gentili, Ibid., 192-3.
83. "Numa Pompilius," in Plutarchs Lives, trans. Paul Rycaut (London: Jacob Tonson, 1683), 223, 208.
84. See Mark Silk, "Numa Pompilius and the Idea of Civil Religion in the West," Journal of the American Academy of Religion 72 (2004): 863-96.
85. Hooker, Laws, 1: 275, 274.
86. Hooker, Laws, Ibid., 1:316.
87. Lancelot Andrewes, A Learned Discourse of Ceremonies Retained and Used in Christian Churches (London: Charles Adams, 1653), 10, 37, 7.
88. Shuger, Habits of Thought, 66.
89. Parker, Reasons for Abrogating, 65-66.
90. Hobbes, Leviathan, 360.
91. On this, and Parker as a Hobbesian, see Noel Malcolm, Aspects of Hobbes (Oxford: Clarendon, 2002), 38-39.
92. Hooker, Laws, 1: 292.
93. See Michael Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints: A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965), 81ff.
94. Johannes Althusius, The Politics, trans. Frederick S. Carney (Boston: Beacon Press, 1964), 157-58;
95. see Johannes Althusius, Politica, methodice digesta et exemplis sacris et profanis illustrata (Herborn: Christopher Corvinus, 1603), 306-8.
96. Malcolm, Aspects of Hobbes, 446.
97. Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, trans. Samuel Shirley (Leiden; Brill, 1989), 255.
98. Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Ibid., 270.
99. Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Ibid., 267
100. Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Ibid., 281.
101. Gauchet, Disenchantment, 4, 37.
102. Gauchet, Disenchantment, Ibid., 4; see Charles Taylor's critique in his foreword to the book (xv).
103. Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, 226.
104. René Girard, Violence and the Sacred, trans. Patrick Gregory (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977), 6-7.
105. René Girard, Violence and the Sacred, Ibid., 17, 21.
106. Nancy Jay, Throughout Your Generations Forever: Sacrifice, Religion, and Paternity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), 131.
107. Milbank, "Stories of Sacrifice," 53.