Density- and distance-dependent seedling survival in a ballistically dispersed subtropical tree species Philenoptera sutherlandii

Journal of Tropical Ecology

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 1-8

  Boudreau, S ^a,b   Lawes, M J ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^b CENTRE D ÉTUDES NORDIQUES   (Canada)

^c CHARLES DARWIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Ballistic dispersal; Escape hypothesis; Fabaceae; Insect predation; Janzen Connell model; Mortality; Predator satiation

Indexed keywords

DENSITY DEPENDENCE; DISPERSAL; LEGUME; MORTALITY; RECRUITMENT (POPULATION DYNAMICS); SEED PREDATION; SEEDLING; SURVIVAL; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT;

AFRICA; KWAZULU-NATAL; ONGOYE FOREST; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

FABACEAE; HEXAPODA; PHILENOPTERA;

EID: 37849047778     PISSN: 02664674     EISSN: 14697831     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S026646740700466X     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. ALLEN, O. N. & ALLEN, E. K. 1981. The Leguminosae: source book of characteristics, uses and nodulation. University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin. 880 pp.
2. ANDERSON, D. R., BURNHAM, K. P. & WHITE, G. C. 1994. AIC model selection in overdispersed capture-recapture data. Ecology 75:1780-1793.
3. APPANAH S. & TURNBULL J. M. (eds.) 1998. A review of dipterocarps: taxonomy, ecology and silviculture. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia. 220 pp.
4. AUGSPURGER, C. K. 1983. Phenology, flowering synchrony, and fruit-set of six neotropical shrubs. Biotropica 15:257-267.
5. AUGSPURGER, C. K. & KITAJIMA, K. 1992. Experimental studies of seedling recruitment from contrasting seed distributions. Ecology 73:1270-1284.
6. BLUNDELL, A. G. & PEART, D. R. 2004a. Seedling recruitment failure following dipterocarp mast fruiting. Journal of Tropical Ecology 20:229-231.
7. BLUNDELL, A. G. & PEART, D. R. 2004b. Density-dependent population dynamics of a dominant rain forest canopy tree. Ecology 85:704-715.
8. BOLKER, B. M. & PACALA, S. W. 1999. Spatial moment equations for plant competition: understanding spatial strategies and the advantages of short dispersal. American Naturalist 153:575-602.
9. BOUDREAU, S. & LAWES, M. J. 2005. Small understorey gaps created by subsistence harvesters do not adversely affect the maintenance of tree diversity in a sub-tropical forest. Biological Conservation 126:279-286.
10. BURKEY, T. V. 1994. Tropical tree species-diversity - a test of the Janzen-Connell model. Oecologia 97:533-540.
11. BURNHAM, K. P. & ANDERSON, D. R. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. (Second edition). Springer, New York.
12. CADE, B. S. & NOON, B. R. 2003. A gentle introduction to quantile regression for ecologists. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1:412-420.
13. CADE, B. S. & RICHARDS, J. D. 2005. User manual for Blossom statistical software. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Discipline, Open-File Report 2005-1353, Fort Collins. 124 pp.
14. COATES PALGRAVE, M. 2002. Trees of Southern Africa. (Third edition). Struik, Cape Town. 1212 pp.
15. CONNELL, J. H. 1971. On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees. Pp. 298-312 in den Boer, P. J. & Gradwell, G. R. (eds.). Dynamics of populations. PUDOC, Wageningen.
16. CONNELL, J. H., TRACEY, J. G. & WEBB, L. J. 1984. Compensatory recruitment, growth, and mortality as factors maintaining rain forest tree diversity. Ecological Monographs 54:141-164.
17. CURRAN, L. M. & LEIGHTON, M. 2000. Vertebrate responses to spatiotemporal variation in seed production of mast-fruiting Dipterocarpaceae. Ecological Monographs 70:101-128.
18. CURRAN, L. M. & WEBB, C. O. 2000. Experimental tests of the spatiotemporal scale of seed predation in mast-fruiting Dipterocarpaceae. Ecological Monographs 70(1):129-148.
19. DE STEVEN, D. & PUTZ, F. E. 1984. Impact of mammals on early recruitment of a tropical canopy tree, Dipteryx panamensis, in Panama. Oikos 43:207-216.
20. DU, X. J., GUO, Q. F., GAO, X. M. & MA, K. P. 2007. Seed rain, soil seed bank, seed loss and regeneration of Castanopsis fargesii (Fagaceae) in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Forest Ecology and Management 238;212-219.
21. FORGET, P. M. 1992. Regeneration ecology of Eperua grandiflora (Caesalpiniaceae), a large-seeded tree in French-Guiana. Biotropica 24:146-156.
22. HAMMOND, D. S. & BROWN, V. K. 1998. Disturbance, phenology and life-history characteristics: factors influencing distance/density-dependent attack on tropical seeds and seedlings. Pp. 51-78 in Newbery, D. M., Prins, H. H. T. & Brown, N. D. (eds.). Dynamics of tropical communities. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
23. HAMMOND, D. S., BROWN, V. K. & ZAGT, R. J. 1999. Spatial and temporal patterns of seed attack and germination in a large-seeded neotropical tree species. Oecologia 119:208-218.
24. HARMS, K. E., WRIGHT, S. J., CALDERON, O., HERNANDEZ, A. & HERRE, E. A. 2000. Pervasive density-dependent recruitment enhances seedling diversity in a tropical forest. Nature 404:493-495.
25. HART, T. B. 1995. Seed, seedling and sub-canopy survival in monodominant and mixed forests of the Ituri Forest, Africa. Journal of Tropical Ecology 11:443-459.
26. HOULE, G. 1995. Seed dispersal and seedling recruitment - the missing link(s). Ecoscience 2:238-244.
27. HOWE, H. F. 1989. Scatter-dispersal and clump-dispersal and seedling demography - hypothesis and implications. Oecologia 79:417-426.
28. HOWE, H. F. & SMALLWOOD, J. 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 13:201-228.
29. HOWE, H. F., SCHUPP, E. W. & WESTLEY, L. C. 1985. Early consequences of seed dispersal for a Neotropical tree (Virola surinamensis). Ecology 66:781-791.
30. HUTCHINGS, A., SCOTT, A. H., LEWIS, G. & CUNNINGHAM, A. B. 1996. Zulu medicinal plants - an inventory. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. 450 pp.
31. ITOH, A., YAMAKURA, T., OGINO, K. & LEE, H. S. 1995. Survivorship and growth of seedlings of 4 dipterocarp species in a tropical rainforest of Sarawak, East Malaysia. Ecological Research 10:327-338.
32. JANZEN, D. H. 1970. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. American Naturalist 104:501-528.
33. KITAJIMA, K. & AUGSPURGER, C. K. 1989. Seed and seedling ecology of a monocarpic tropical tree, Tachigalia versicolor. Ecology 70:1102-1114.
34. KRÜGER, S. C. & LAWES, M. J. 1997. Edge effects at an induced forest-grassland boundary: forest birds in the Ongoye Forest Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal. South African Journal of Zoology 32:82-91.
35. MACK, A. L., ICKES, K., JESSEN, J. H., KENNEDY, B. & SINCLAIR, J. R. 1999. Ecology of Aglaia mackiana (Meliaceae) seedlings in a New Guinea rain forest. Biotropica 31:111-120.
36. MALO, J. E. 2004. Potential ballistic dispersal of Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae) seeds. Australian Journal of Botany 52:653-658.
37. MCCANNY, S. J. 1985. Alternatives in parent-offspring relationships in plants. Oikos 45:148-149.
38. MCCULLAGH, P. & NELDER, J. A. 1989. Generalized linear models. (Second edition). Chapman and Hall, London. 532 pp.
39. NATHAN, R. & CASAGRANDI, R. 2004. A simple mechanistic model of seed dispersal, predation and plant establishment: Janzen-Connell and beyond. Journal of Ecology 92:733-746.
40. NEUBERT, M. G. & PARKER, I. M. 2004. Projecting rates of spread for invasive species. Risk Analysis 24:817-831.
41. PACKER, A. & CLAY, K. 2000. Soil pathogens and spatial patterns of seedling mortality in a temperate tree. Nature 404:278-281.
42. RAGHU, S., WILTSHIRE, C. & DHILEEPAN, K. 2005. Intensity of predispersal seed predation in the invasive legume Leucaena leucocephala is limited by the duration of pod retention. Austral Ecology 30:310-318.
43. THOMSON, J. D., WEIBLEN, G., THOMSON, B. A., ALFARO, S. & LEGENDRE, P. 1996. Untangling multiple factors in spatial distributions: lilies, gophers, and rocks. Ecology 77:1698-1715.
44. TOY, R. J. 1991. Interspecific flowering patterns in the Dipterocarpaceae in West Malaysia - implications for predator satiation. Journal of Tropical Ecology 7:49-57.
45. TURNER, I. M. 2001. The ecology of trees in the tropical rain forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 298 pp.
46. VANWYK, B., VAN OUDTSHOORN, B. & GERICKE, N. 1997. Medicinal plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria. 304 pp.
47. VILJOEN, S. 1980. A comparative study on the biology of two subspecies of tree squirrels, Paraxerus palliatus tongensis Roberts, 1931 and Paraxerus palliatus ornatus (Gray, 1864) in Zululand. D.Sc. Thesis, University of Pretoria.
48. VONMALTITZ, G., MUCINA, L., GELDENHUYS, C., LAWES, M. J., EELEY, H. A. C., ADIE, H., VINK, D., FLEMING, G. & BAILEY, C. 2003. Classification system for South African indigenous forests: an objective classification for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. CSIR, Pretoria. 264 pp.
49. WEBB, C. O. & PEART, D. R. 1999. Seedling density dependence promotes coexistence of Bornean rain forest trees. Ecology 80:2006-2017.
50. WILLSON, M. F. 1993. Dispersal mode, seed shadows, and colonization patterns. Vegetatio 108:261-280.
51. WRIGHT, S. J., MULLER-LANDAU, H. C., CALDERON, O. & HERNANDEZ, A. 2005. Annual and spatial variation in seedfall and seedling recruitment in a neotropical forest. Ecology 86:848-860.
52. XIAO, Z. S., ZHANG, Z. B. & WANG, Y. S. 2005. The effects of seed abundance on seed predation and dispersal by rodents in Castanopsis fargesii (Fagaceae). Plant Ecology 177:249-257.