Responses to revolution: The November crisis of 1792

Historical Research

Volumn 69, Issue 170, 1996, Pages 284-305

  Mori, Jennifer ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 37849032217     PISSN: 09503471     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2281.1996.tb01859.x     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Public Record Office, FO 37/44, #5, Grenville to Morton Eden, 5 Feb. 1793. In all quotations from manuscript sources, standard abbreviations have been extended and capitalization modernized, but the original spelling has been retained
2. G. S. Veitch, The Genesis of Parliamentary Reform (1913), pp. 239-42
3. E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (1972 edn.), p. 107
4. A. Goodwin, The Friends of Liberty: the English Democratic Movement in the Age of the French Revolution (1979), pp. 251-67
5. The case for French involvement was exhaustively investigated by J. T. Murley. 'The origin and outbreak of the Anglo-French War of 1793' (unpublished University of Oxford D.Phil, thesis, 1959)
6. C. Emsley, 'The London "insurrection" of Dec. 1792: fact, fiction or fantasy?'. Jour. British Studies, xvii (1977-8), 74-81
7. R. R. Dozier, For King, Constitution and Country: the English Loyalists and the French Revolution (Lexington, Ky., 1983), pp. 118-19
8. J. Ehrman, The Younger Pitt: the Reluctant Transition (1983), pp. 213-27
9. This reasoning dominates modern texts. E. Royle and J. Walvin, English Radicals and Reformers, 1760-1914 (Brighton, 1982), p. 60
10. D. G. Wright, Popular Radicalism: the Working-Class Experience, 1780-1880 (1988), p. 48
11. J. Deny, 'Governing temperament under Pitt and Liverpool', in The Whig Ascendancy: Colloquies on Hanoverian England, ed. J. Cannon (1981), p. 100
12. F. O'Gorman, 'Pitt and the tory reaction to the French Revolution' in Britain and the French Revolution, 1789-1815, ed. H. T. Dickinson (Basingstoke, 1989), pp. 33-5
13. C. Emsley, 'Revolution, war and the nation state: the British and French experiences, 1789-1801' in The French Revolution and British Popular Politics, ed. M. Philp (Cambridge, 1991), p. 114
14. See references for notes 2, 4 and 5 and, more recently, T. P. Schofield, 'Conservative political thought in Britain in response to the French Revolution', Historical Jour., xxix (1986), 601-22
15. and idem, 'British politicians and French arms: the ideological war of 1793-5', History, lxxvii (1992), 191-2
16. H. T. Dickinson, British Radicalism and the French Revolution, 1789-1815 (Oxford, 1985), p. 37
17. L. G. Mitchell, Charles James Fox and the Disintegration of the Whig Party, 1782-94 (1971), p. 180
18. O'Gorman, 'Pitt and the tory reaction', p. 31
19. W. Cobbett, The Parliamentary History of England from ... 1066 to 1803 (36 vols., 1806-20), xxix, cols. 1304-27
20. Centre for Kentish Studies, Stanhope of Chevening MSS., Pitt Papers, U 1590 S5/C35/1, Eliot to George Pretyman Tomline, 4 May 1792
21. Hist. MSS. Comm., Fortescue MSS., ii. 100, Charles Whitworth to Grenville, 17 June 1791
22. Scottish Record Office, Melville Castle Muniments, GD 51/1/17, Loughborough to Dundas, 24 Apr. [1792]
23. Parl. Hist., xxix, cols. 1504-6
24. Fortescue MSS., ii. 291, Grenville to Gower, 13 July 1792
25. Annual Register, Chronicle (1792). pp. 158-61
26. William L. Clement Library, Ann Arbor Michigan, Pitt Papers, Pitt to Dundas, 8 Nov. 1792
27. Clement Libr., Pitt Papers, Pitt to Dundas, 8 Nov. 1792
28. W. S. Holdsworth, A History of English Law (6th edn., 17 vols., 1938-72), viii. 307-33; x. 679-92
29. M. Lobban, 'From seditious libel to unlawful assembly: Peterloo and the changing face of political crime, c. 1770-1820', Oxford Jour. Legal Studies, x (1990), 309, 319-21
30. Clement Libr., Pitt Papers, Pitt to Sydney, 1789
31. Clement Libr., Pitt Papers, Pitt to Dundas, 8 Nov. 1792
32. The Gentleman's Magazine, lxii (1792), 1013
33. The British government had been hoping to play this role since Feb. 1792 (Journal and Correspondence of Lord Auckland, ii. 463-7, Grenville to Auckland, 6 Nov. 1792)
34. Court and Cabinets of George III, ii. 226-8, Grenville to Buckingham, 14 Nov. 1792
35. Parl. Hist., xxx, cols. 353-4
36. The Correspondence of William Augustus Miles on the French Revolution, 1789-1817, ed. C. P. Miles (2 vols., 1890), i. 353, Miles diary, 18 Nov. 1792
37. For details of the Home Office surveillance network, see C. Emsley, 'The Home Office and its sources of information and investigation, 1791-1801', Eng. Hist. Rev., xciv (1979), 534-44
38. J. R. Western, The English Militia in the 18th Century: the Story of a Political Issue, 1660-1802 (1965), p. 9
39. For standard accounts, see E. C. Black, The Association (1963), p. 237
40. A. Mitchell, 'The association movement of 1792-3', Historical Jour., iv (1961), 56-77
41. Court and Cabinets of George III, ii. 229, Grenville to Buckingham, 25 Nov. 1792
42. D. E. Ginter, 'The loyalist association movement of 1792-3', Historical Jour., ix (1966), 183
43. Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, i. 23-4, Sir Gilbert to Lady Elliot, 14 May 1792
44. Emsley, 'London "insurrection"'
45. Lord Granville Leveson Gower: Private Correspondence, 1781-1821, ed. Castalia, Countess Granville (2 vols., 1917), ii. 61, Pitt to Stafford, 1 Dec. 1792
46. The Lifc of the Rt. Hon. William Pitt, ed. Philip, 5th Earl Stanhope (4 vols., 1861-2), ii. 176-7, Pitt to Dundas, 4 Dec. 1792
47. See also Goodwin, pp. 252-7
48. Court and Cabinets of George III, ii. 232, Grenville to Buckingham, 5 Dec. 1792
49. P.R.O., FO 72/40 fos. 169-72, minute of a conference with Chauvelin, 29
50. Cambridge University Library, Pitt Papers, 6958(6) #1160, Pitt memo of conversation with Maret, 3 Dec. 1792
51. Correspondence of William Augustus Miles, i. 368, minute, 3 Dec. 1792
52. Fortescue MSS., ii. 351, George III to Grenville, 3 Dec. 1792
53. P.R.O., FO 37/41, #27, Grenville to Auckland, 4 Dec. 1792
54. Fortescue MSS., ii. 352, Grenville to Auckland, 4 Dec. 1792
55. The Correspondence of Edmund Burke, ed. A. Cobban (8 vols., 1963-8), vii. 91, Edmund to Richard Burke, 18 Nov. 1792
56. Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, ii. 84, Sir Gilbert to Lady Elliot, 18 Dec. 1792
57. Journal and Correspondence of Lord Auckland, ii. 474, Lord Henry Spencer to Auckland, 18 Dec. 1792
58. See Ehrman, pp. 239-40, 244 and J. Holland Rose, William Pitt and the Great War (1911), pp. 57-85
59. P. A. Brown, The French Revolution in English History (1918), p. 102, Goodwin, p. 56
60. F. O'Gorman, The Whig Party and the French Revolution (1967), p. 167)
61. J. Black, British Foreign Policy in an Age of Revolutions, 1783-93 (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 438-71
62. Schofield, 'British politicians', p. 191
63. Journal and Correspondence of Lord Auckland, ii. 474, Lord Henry Spencer to Auckland, 18 Dec. 1792. Little is known about the process by which the 7 Dec. legal campaign began but it appears to have been the concluding measure in the ministry's November sedition programme
64. C. Emsley, 'An aspect of Pitt's "terror": prosecutions for sedition during the 1790s', Social Hist., vi (1981), 161-2
65. Emsley, 'Revolution, war and the nation state', p. 108
66. D. Eastwood, 'Patriotism and the English state in the 1790s', French Revolution and British Popular Politics, pp. 151-3
67. L. Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1837 (New Haven, Conn., 1992), pp. 284-316
68. What ministers may have been doing privately is another matter. Grenville and Buckingham were almost certainly active in Buckinghamshire throughout the early 1790s for they had been active in encouraging militant provincial loyalism since June 1792. For details see Court and Cabinets of George III, ii. 209-11, Grenville to Buckingham, 13 and 21 June 1792