Effect of cobalt ions on the performance of lead anodes used for the electrowinning of copper - A literature review

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 143-172

  Nikoloski, A N ^a   Nicol, M J ^a  

^a MURDOCH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Anode; Cobalt; Copper; Corrosion; Electrolyte; Electrowinning; Hydrometallurgy; Lead; Overpotential; Oxygen

Indexed keywords

COBALT IONS; ELECTROWINNING; LEAD ANODES; OVERPOTENTIAL;

ANODES; COBALT COMPOUNDS; COPPER COMPOUNDS; ELECTROLYTES; HYDROMETALLURGY; LEAD COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN;

ION SOURCES;

EID: 37749035552     PISSN: 08827508     EISSN: 15477401     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08827500701421870     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Andersen, T. N., Adamson, D. L., and Richards, K. J., 1974, "The corrosion of lead anodes in copper electrowinning." Metallurgical Transactions, 5, pp. 1345-1349.
2. Antonov, S. P. and Stepanenko, V. G., 1972, "Anodic behavior of lead in the presence of cobalt ions." Ukrainskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal (Russian Edition), 38(9), pp. 935-937.
3. Antropov, L. I., Popov, S. Y., Pochekaeva, T. I., and Romenskaya, N. N., 1953, "The influence of cobalt sulfate on the work of lead storage batteries." In Trudy Soveshchaniya po Elektrokhimii, Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, volume date 1950, Moscow: pp. 549-557.
4. Bagshaw, N. E., 1997, "Effects of cobalt in lead/acid batteries." Journal of Power Sources, 64, pp. 91-95.
5. Bockris, J. O'M., 1956, "Kinetics of activation-controlled consecutive electrochemical reactions: Anodic evolution of oxygen." Journal of Chemistry and Physics, 24, pp. 817-827.
6. Boss, E E. E. and Chamberlain, R. N., 1927, "Means for protecting storage battery grids." US Patent No. 1,826,724.
7. 2+ ions on the kinetics of lead anodes for zinc electrowinning." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 29, pp. 813-820.
8. Chamberlain, R. N., 1930, "Storage battery." US Patent No. 1,944,066.
9. Chen, W. M., Hein, K., and Schmidt, J., 1993, "Oxygen formation on lead dioxide anodes in cobalt-containing sulfuric acid electrolytes." Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 65(5), pp. 587-590.
10. Christian, K. H. and Ackermann, R., 1990, "Influence of cobalt ions on the behavior of maintenance-free lead/acid batteries with antimony alloys." Journal of Power Sources, 31(1-4), pp. 151-153.
11. Cifuentes, L., Astete, E., Crisostomo, G., Simpson, J., Cifuentes, G., and Pilleux, M., 2005, "Corrosion and protection of lead anodes in acidic copper sulphate solutions." Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, 40(4), pp. 321-327.
12. Collee, R., 1967, "Anodic corrosion of lead in copper-containing electrolytic solutions in the presence of cobalt." Tribune du CEBEDEAU, 20(282), pp. 234-238.
13. Danilov, F. I., Velichenko, A. B., and Nishcheryakova, L. N., 1992, "Effect of ions of the iron group on the corrosion-electrochemical behavior of lead anodes." Elektrokhimiya, 28(1), pp. 27-31.
14. 2 electrodes at high anodic potential." Electrochimica Acta, 39(11/12), pp. 1603-1605.
15. Gendron, A. S., Ettel, V. A., and Abe, S., 1975, "Effect of cobalt added to electrolyte on corrosion rate of Pb-Sb anodes in copper electrowinning." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 14, pp. 59-61.
16. Hwang, J. H., Im, S. P., and Kim, S. J., 1987, "Kinetic characteristics of anodic polarisation in the corrosion of a lead-calcium alloy." Choson Minjujuui Inmin Konghwaguk Kwahagwon Tongbo, 1, pp. 35-38.
17. Hwang, J. H., Kim, S. J., and Im, S. P., 1986, "Kinetic characteristics of anodic polarisation in corrosion of lead-calcium alloy." Choson Minjujuui Inmin Konghwaguk Kwahagwon Tongbo, 1, pp. 46-48.
18. Hyvärinen, O., 1972, The Effect of Silver and Cobalt on the Oxygen Evolution at Lead Anodes. Thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland.
19. Hyvarinen, O. and Tikkanen, M. H., 1969, "On the anodic behaviour of Pb-Ag alloys in sulphuric acid solutions." Acta Polytechnica Scandinavica, Chemistry Including Metallurgy Series, No. 89.
20. Irie, Y. and Watanabe, K., 1986, "Prevention of elution of lead ions from lead-type electrodes." JP Patent No. 61,147,895.
21. Ivanov, I., Stefanov, Y., Noncheva, Z., Petrova, M., Dobrev, Ts., Mirkova, L., Vermeersch, R., and Demaerel, J.-P., 2000a, "Insoluble anodes used in hydrometallurgy: Part I. Corrosion resistance of lead and lead alloy anodes." Hydrometallurgy, 57, pp. 107-124.
22. Ivanov, I., Stefanov, Y., Noncheva, Z., Petrova, M., Dobrev, Ts., Mirkova, L., Vermeersch, R., and Demaerel, J.-P., 2000b, "Insoluble anodes used in hydrometallurgy: Part II. Anodic behaviour of lead and lead alloy anodes." Hydrometallurgy, 57, pp. 125-139.
23. Jeffers, T. H. and Groves, R. D., 1977, "Electrowinning copper from solvent extraction acid strip solution using Pb-Sb anodes." Metallurgical Transactions B, 8B, pp. 115-119.
24. Jin, S. and Sun, F., 1993, "Anodic formation of cobalt(III) ions at lead dioxide anode in concentrated sulfuric acid solution." Wuli Huaxue Xuebao, 9(4), pp. 538-541.
25. Kiryakov, G. Z. and Stender, V. V., 1952, "The stability of lead and its alloys during the electrolysis of sulfuric acid solutions. II, Anode potentials of lead and its alloys. III. Binary electrochemical systems composed of lead and its alloying ingredients." Zhurnal Prilkadnoi Khimii, 25, pp. 25-31 and 33-40.
26. Kiseleva, I. G. and Kabanov, B. N., 1956, "Sulfuric acid adsorption upon the lead dioxide electrodes." Doklady Akademii Nauk (SSSR), 108, pp. 864-867.
27. Kittelty, D., 2004, "Improved anode and cathode processes in base metal electrowinning: Module 1. Anode Processes," AMIRA Project P705, (A. J. Parker) CRC for Hydrometallurgy, Extractive Metallurgy, Perth, Western Australia: Murdoch University
28. Kivalo, P. and Vuorio, V., 1961, "A study of the oxygen overpotential at lead dioxide anodes." Suomen Kemistilehti, B34, pp. 179-182.
29. Koch, D. F. A., 1959a, "The effect of cobalt on lead anode in sulphuric acid." Electrochimica Acta, 1, pp. 32-38.
30. Koch, D. F. A., 1959b, "The effect of cobalt on the kinetics of oxygen evolution at a lead dioxide anode in sulphuric acid." Australian Journal of Chemistry, 12, pp.127-137.
31. Koenig, A. E., MacEwan, J. U., and Larsen, E. C., 1941, "Investigation of lead anodes in the electrolysis of zinc sulfate solutions." Transactions of the Electrochemical Society, 79, pp. 331-345.
32. Kokarev, G. A., Bakhchisaraitsyan, N. G., and Panteleeva, V. V., 1967, "Electrolytic evolution of oxygen, taking into consideration changes in the surface of lead dioxide anode." Trudy Instituta - Moskovskii Khimiko-Tekhnologicheskii Institut imeni D.I. Mendeleeva, 54, pp. 161-168.
33. 4) films, XPS investigation." Materials Chemistry and Physics, 11(1), pp. 29-48.
34. Kolotyrkin, Ya. M., Losev, V. V., and Chemodanov, A. N., 1988, "Relationship between corrosion processes and oxygen evolution on anodes made from noble metals and related metal oxide anodes." Materials Chemistry and Physics, 19(1-2), pp. 1-95.
35. Krivolapova, E. V. and Kabanov, B. N., 1941, "An investigation of the corrosion of lead in oxidising media. I." Zhurnal Prilkadnoi Khimii, 14, pp. 335-341.
36. Krivolapova, E. V. and Kabanov, B. N., 1950, "An investigation of the corrosion of lead in oxidising media. II. The influence of the addition of cobalt salt, temperature and other factors on the term of service of the positive electrode of the lead storage battery," Trudy Soveshchaniya po Elektrokhimii, Moscow: Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. pp. 539-548.
37. Kucherov, A. A., Artemev, A. D., Zaikova, N. A., and Kozhanov, V. N., 1991, "Behavior of lead anodes in cobalt-containing sulfuric acid solutions," Tsvetnye Metally, (Moscow: Russian Federation), 6, pp. 25-28.
38. Kuhn, A. T., 1979, "Corrosion of lead and alloys in sulphuric acid: Detailed survey and special conditions." In The Electrochemistry of Lead. (A. T. Kuhn, Ed.), London: Academic, pp. 368-372.
39. Lander, J. J., 1958, "Silver, cobalt, and positive-grit corrosion in the lead-acid battery." Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 105, pp. 289-292.
40. Nishihara, K., 1949, "Lead anodes for the electrolysis of manganese sulfate solution." Denki Kagaku, 17, pp. 100-103.
41. Pavlov, D. and Monahov, B., 1996, "Mechanism of the elementary electrochemical processes taking place during oxygen evolution on the lead dioxide electrode." Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 143(11), pp. 3616-3629.
42. 2 electrode." Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 145(1), pp. 70-77.
43. Ramachandran, P. and Balakrishnan, K., 1990, "Anodic polarisation of lead in sulfuric acid solution-Effect of cobalt(II) as solution species." Bulletin of Electrochemistry, 6(4), pp. 455-456.
44. Ramachandran, P. R., Nandakumar, V., and Venkateswaran, K. V., 1996, "Electrolyte additives for improved behavior of anodes in electrowinning of metals." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 49(6), pp. 789-794.
45. Randle, T. H. and Kuhn, A. T., 1979, "Anodic reactions on lead dioxide," In The Electrochemistry of Lead. (A. T. Kuhn, Ed.), London: Academic, pp. 227-228.
46. Rasiyah, P. and Tseung, A. C. C., 1984, "The role of the lower metal oxide/ higher metal oxide couple in oxygen evolution reactions." Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 131(4), pp. 803-808.
47. Ravindran, K., Heerman, L., and Van Simaeys, L., 1974a, "Anodic behavior of lead in acid sulfate solutions. Influence of copper and cobalt ions." Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 83(5-6), pp. 173-184.
48. Ravindran, K., Heerman, L., and Van Simaeys, L., 1974b, "Anodic behavior of lead in acid solutions. Influence of manganese ions and electrochemical oxidation of manganese at lead anodes." Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 84(1), pp. 83-90.
49. Razina, N. F., 1959, "Electrode processes on a lead anode and its corrosion during the electrolysis of a sulfuric acid solution." Trudy Chetvertogo Soveshchaniya Elektrokhimii, Moscow, volume date 1956, pp. 729-732.
50. Razina, N. F., 1982, Oxide Electrodes in Aqueous Solutions, Nauka: Alma-Ata.
51. Rey, M., Coheur, P., and Herbiet, H., 1938, "The behaviour of lead anodes in sulfate electrolyte with particular reference to the influence of cobalt salts." Transactions of the Electrochemical Society, 73, pp. 315-325
52. Ruetschi, P. and Delahay, P., 1955, "Influence of electrode material on oxygen overvoltage: A theoretical analysis." Journal of Chemical Physics, 23, pp. 556-560.
53. Sanchez, H., Gonzales, I., and Quiroz, M. A., 1990, "Effect of cadmium, nickel, zinc and cobalt ions on electrode reactions of the lead-acid battery." Journal of Power Sources, 32(1), pp. 43-53.
54. Shibano, T., 1962, "The corrosion of lead anode in zinc sulfate solution. VII. Effect of cobalt ion in zinc sulfate solution." Nippon Kogyo Kaishi, 78, pp. 475-478.
55. Stepanenko, V. G. and Antonov, S. P., 1976, "Use of anodic oxidation of chromium ions for kinetic determination of lead and cobalt." Ukrainskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal (Russian Edition), 42(12), pp. 1264-1267.
56. Sternberg, S., Branzoi, V., Mateescu, A., and Apateanu, L., 1985, "The influence of the cobalt(II) ions on the lead(II) sulfate/lead(IV) oxide electrode in sulfuric acid solutions." Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 30(11-12), pp. 955-961.
57. Trasatti, S. and Lodi, G., 1981, "Concepts in electrocatalysis, " In Electrodes of Conductive Metallic Oxides, Part B, (S. Trasatti, Ed.), New York: Elsevier, p. 521.
58. Tsuiki, M. and Ueno, Y., 1958, "Anodic corrosion tests for lead-tin and leadstin-cobalt anodes in sodium sulfate-sulfuric acid electrolyte." Gifu Daigaku Kogakubu Hokoku, 8, pp. 41-44.
59. Tsuruoka, T., 1958, "The behavior of cobalt in electrodeposition of zinc. I. The formation and decomposition of cobalt(III) in the electrolytic solution and the effects of cobalt (II) and of cobalt (III) on the cathodic current efficiency." Nippon Kogyo Kaishi, 74, pp. 177-182.
60. Vijh, A. K., 1972, "Relationship between band gaps of oxides and the standard electrode potentials of oxide electrodes." Electrochimica Acta, 17(1), pp. 91-97.
61. Winand, R. and Fontana, A., 1983, "Strategy to improve quality of solvent-extraction electrowon copper." Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 92(March), pp. 27-37.
62. Xu, Z. and Li, B., 2005, "Study on electro-generation of trivalent cobalt ion with graphite-based lead dioxide anode at ambient temperature." Sichuen Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban, 42(3), pp. 553-557.
63. Yoshida, T., 1953, "Electrodeposition of chromium from trivalent sulfate baths. XXI. Retarding effects of cobalt on the anodic oxidation of chromium." Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 56, pp. 912-914.
64. Yu, P. and O'Keefe, J., 1999, "Evaluation of lead anode reactions in acid sulfate electrolytes: I. Lead alloys with cobalt additives." Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 146(4), pp. 1361-1369.
65. Yu, P. and O'Keefe, T. J., 2001, "Polarisation behavior of new and used lead alloys in acid sulfate solutions," Electrometallurgy 2001, Proceedings of the 31st Annual Hydrometallurgy Meeting, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 26-29.
66. Yu, P. and O'Keefe, T. J., 2002, "Evaluation of lead anode reactions in acid sulfate electrolytes: II. Manganese Reactions." Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 149(5), pp. A558-A569.
67. Zubrovskii, A. I., Kalinovskii, E. A., Rostovtseva, L. D., and Stender, V. V., 1971, "Effect of cations of some metals on the corrosion resistance of lead anodes in sulfuric acid solutions." Zashchita Metallov, 7(1), pp. 43-46.