Resilience in sexually abused women: Risk and protective factors

Journal of Family Violence

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 81-88

  McClure, Faith H ^a   Chavez, David V ^a   Agars, Mark D ^a   Peacock, M Jean ^a   Matosian, Amy ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Childhood sexual abuse; Family cohesion; Family conflict; Resilience; Well being

Indexed keywords

EID: 37749016042     PISSN: 08857482     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10896-007-9129-4     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Ackerman, P. T., Newton, J. E. O., McPherson, W. B., Jones, J. G., & Dykman, R. A. (1998). Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and other psychiatric diagnoses in three groups of abused children (sexual, physical, and both). Child Abuse & Neglect, 22, 759-774.
2. Bander, K., Fein, E., & Bishop, G. (1989). Evaluation of child sexual abuse programs. In S. Sgroi (Eds.) Handbook of clinical intervention in child sexual abuse (pp. 345-376). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
3. Banyard, V. L., Williams, L. M., Siegel, J. A., & West, C. M. (2002). Childhood sexual abuse in the lives of black women: Risk and resilience in a longitudinal study. Violence in the Lives of Black Women.
4. Beichman, J. H., Zucker, K. J., Hood, J. E., DaCosta, G. A., & Akman, D. (1992). A review of the short-term effects of child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 537-556.
5. Bennett, S. E., Hughes, H. M., & Luke, D. A. (2000). Heterogeneity in patterns of child sexual abuse, family functioning, and long-term adjustment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 134-157.
6. Collings, S. (1995). The long-term effects of contact and noncontact forms of child sexual abuse in a sample of university men. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19, 1-6.
7. Conte, J. R., & Schuerman, J. R. (1987). Factors associated with an increased impact of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11, 201-211.
8. Damon, L., & Card, J. (1992). Incest in young children. In R. Ammerman, & M. Hersen, (Eds.), Assessment of family violence. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
9. Dufour, M. H., Nadeau, L., & Bertrand, K. (2000). Factors in the resilience of victims of sexual abuse: An update. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 781-797.
10. Elliot, A. N., & Carnes, C. N. (2001). Reactions of nonoffending parents to the sexual abuse of their child: A review of the literature. Child Maltreatment, 6, 314-331.
11. Faust, J., Kenny, M. C., & Runyon, M. K. (1997). Differences in family functioning of sexually abused vs. nonabused enuretics. Journal of Family Violence, 12, 405-416.
12. Feiring, C., Taska, L., & Lewis, M. (1998). Social support and children's and adolescents' adaptation to sexual abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13, 240-260.
13. Finkelhor, D. (1979). Sexually victimized children. New York: Free Press.
14. Finkelhor, D. (1990). Early and long-term effects of child sexual abuse: An update. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 325-330.
15. Garmezy, N. (1993). Vulnerability and resilience. In D. C. Funder, R. D. Parke, C. A. Tomlinson-Keasey, & K. Widaman (Eds.), Studying lives through time: Personality and development (pp. 377-398). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
16. Garmezy, N., Masten, A. S., & Tellegen, A. (1984). The study of stress and competence in children: A building block for developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 97-111.
17. Ginzenko, N., & Fisher, C. (1992). Review of studies of risk and protective factors for psychopathology in children. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 711-721.
18. Gold, S. N. (2000). Not trauma alone: Therapy for child abuse survivors in family and social context. Lillington, N.C.: Taylor & Francis.
19. Gold, S. N., Hyman, S. M., & Andres-Hyman, R. C. (2004). Family of origin environments in two clinical samples of survivors of intra-familial, extra-familial, and both types of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 1199-1212.
20. Gomes-Schwartz, B., Horowitz, J., & Candarelli (1990). Child sexual abuse: The initial effects. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
21. Gorey, K. M., & Leslie, D. R. (1997). The prevalence of child sexual abuse: Integrative review adjustment for potential response and measurement bias. Child Abuse & Neglect, 21, 391-398.
22. Harter, S., Alexander, P., & Neimeyer, R. (1988). Long-term effects of incestuous child abuse in college women: Social adjustment, social cognition, and family characteristics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 5-8.
23. Hazzard, A., Celano, M., Gould, J., Lawry, S., & Webb, C. (1995). Predicting symptomatology and self-blame among child sex abuse victims. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19, 707-714.
24. Hecht, D. B., & Hansen, D. J. (2001). The environment of child maltreatment: Contextual factors and the development of psychopathology. Aggression and Violent Behaviour, 6, 433-457.
25. Himelein, M. J., & McElrath, J. V. (1996). Resilient child sexual abuse survivors: Cognitive coping and illusion. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20, 747-758.
26. Hulsey, T. L., Sexton, M. C., & Nash, M. R. (1992). Sexually abused children-Family relationships. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 56, 438-450.
27. Hyman, B., & Williams, L. (2001). Resilience among women survivors of child sexual abuse. Affilia, 16, 198-219.
28. Jumper, S. A. (1995). A meta-analysis of the relationship of child sexual abuse to adult psychological adjustment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19, 715-728.
29. Kendall-Tackett, K., Williams, L., & Finkelhor, D. (1993). Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 164-180.
30. Kern, J. M., & Hastings, T. (1995). Differential family environments of bulimics and victims of childhood sexual abuse: Achievement orientation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 499-506.
31. Kinard, E. M. (1998). Methodological issues in assessing resilience in maltreated children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22, 669-680.
32. Koverola, C., Proulx, J., Battle, P., & Hanna, C. (1996). Family functioning as predictors of distress in revictimized sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 11, 263-280.
33. Long, P. J., & Jackson, J. L. (1994). Childhood sexual abuse: An examination of family functioning. Journal of interpersonal violence, 9, 270-277.
34. Luthar, S. S. (1993). Annotation: Methodological and conceptual issues in research on childhood resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 34, 441-453.
35. Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). Research on resilience: Response to commentaries. Child Development, 71, 573-575.
36. Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., & Moore-Notily, S. (1991). Six and twelve month followup of sexually abused children. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 6, 494-511.
37. Masten, A., Best, K., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425-444.
38. Meyerson, L. A., Long, P. J., Miranda, R. Jr., & Marx, B. P. (2002). The influence of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, family environment, and gender on the psychological adjustment of adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26, 387-405.
39. Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (1986). Family environment Scale manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
40. Morrow, K. B., & Sorrell, G. T. (1989). Factors affecting self-esteem, depression, and negative behaviors in sexually abused female adolescents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 677-686.
41. Paradise, J. E., Rose, L., Sleeper, L. A., & Nathanson, M. (1994). Behavior, family function, school performance, and predictors of persistent disturbance in sexually abused children. Pediatrics, 93, 452-459.
42. Peters, S., Wyatt, G., & Finekhor, D. (1986). Prevalence. In D. Finkelhor & Associates (Eds.), A sourcebook on child sexual abuse (pp. 15-59). Beverly Hills: Sage Inc.
43. Radke-Yarrow, M., & Sherman, T. (1990). Hard growing: Children who survive. In J. Rolf, A. S. Masten, D. Cicchette, K. H. Nuechterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds.). Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 97-119). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
44. Rak, C. F., & Patterson, L. E. (1996). Promoting resilience in at-risk children. Journal of Counseling and Development, 74, 368-374.
45. Ray, K. C., Jackson, J. L., & Townsley, R. M. (1991). Family environment of victims of intrafamilial and extrafamilial child sexual abuse. Journal of Family Violence, 6, 365-374.
46. Reinemann, D. H., Stark, K. D., & Swearer, S. M. (2003). Family factors that differentiate sexually abused and nonabused adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, 471-489.
47. Rosenthal, S., Feiring, C., & Taska, L. (2003). Emotional support and adjustment over a year's time following sexual abuse discovery. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 641-661.
48. Rutter, M. (1993). Resilience: Some conceptual considerations. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14, 626-631.
49. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful aging. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 12, 35-55.
50. Spaccarelli, S. (1994). Stress, appraisal, and coping in child sexual abuse: A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 340-362.
51. Spaccarelli, S., & Fuchs, C. (1997). Variability in symptom expression among sexually abused girls: Developing multivariate models. Journal of Clinical and Child Psychology, 26, 24-35.
52. Spaccarelli, S., & Kim, S. (1995). Resilience criteria and factors associated with resilience in sexually abused girls. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19, 1171-1182.
53. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th Ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
54. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2000). Child maltreatment 1998: Reports from the states to the national child abuse and neglect data system. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing.
55. Valentine, L., & Feinauer, L. L. (1993). Resilience factors associated with female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 21, 216-224.
56. Wolfe, V. V., Gentile, C., & Wolfe, D. A. (1989). The impact of sexual abuse on children: A PTSD formulation. Behavior Therapy, 20, 215-228.