Neighborhood characteristics and individual homicide risks: Effects of social cohesion, confidence in the police, and socioeconomic disadvantage

Homicide Studies

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 90-116

  Nieuwbeerta, Paul ^a   McCall, Patricia L ^b   Elffers, Henk ^a   Wittebrood, Karin ^c  

^a NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF CRIME AND LAW ENFORCEMENT   (Netherlands)

^b NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Netherlands Institute for Social Research/SCP

Author keywords

Hierarchical linear modeling; Homicide victimization; Social cohesion; The Netherlands

Indexed keywords

EID: 37649011872     PISSN: 10887679     EISSN: 15526720     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1088767907310913     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Agnew, R. (1992). Foundations for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30, 47-87.
2. Anderson, E. (1999). Code of the street: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city. New York: Norton.
3. Baumer, E.P. (2002). Neighborhood disadvantage and police notification by victims of violence. Criminology, 40, 579-617.
4. Bellair, P.E. (1997). Social interaction and community crime: Examining the importance of neighbor networks. Criminology, 35, 677-703.
5. Belsley, D.A., Kuh, E., & Welsch, R.E. (1980). Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. New York: John Wiley.
6. Bernasco, W., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2005). How do residential burglars select target areas? A new approach to the analysis of criminal location choice. British Journal of Criminology, 45, 296-315.
7. Bryk, A.S., & Raudenbush, S.W. (1992). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
8. Bursik, R.J. Jr. (1988). Social disorganization theories of crime and delinquency: Problems and prospects. Criminology, 26, 519-551.
9. Bursik, R.J., & Grasmick, H. (1993). Neighbourhoods and crime: The dimensions of effective community control. Lexinton, MA: Lexington Books.
10. Durkheim, E. (1966). Suicide: A study in sociology. New York: Free Press. (Original work published 1897 )
11. Flewelling, R.L., & Williams, K.R. (1999). Categorizing homicides: The use of disaggregated data in homicide research. In M. D. Smith & M. A. Zahn (Eds.), Homicide: A sourcebook of social research (pp. 96-106). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
12. Galea, S., Ahern, J., & Karpati, A. (2005). A model of underlying socioeconomic vulnerability in human populations: Evidence from variability in population health and implications for public health. Social Science & Medicine, 60, 2417-2430.
13. Goldstein, H. (1995). Multilevel statistical models (2 nd ed.). London: Arnold.
14. Goudriaan, H., Wittebrood, K., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2006). Neighborhood characteristics and reporting crime. Effects of social cohesion, confidence in police effectiveness and socio-economic disadvantage. British Journal of Criminology, 46, 719-742.
15. Hannon, L.E. (2005). Extremely poor neighborhoods and homicide. Social Science Quarterly, 86, 1418-1434.
16. Krivo, L.J., & Peterson, R.D. (1996). Extremely disadvantaged neighborhoods and urban crime. Social Forces, 75, 619-648.
17. Kubrin, C.E. (2003). Structural covariates of homicide rates: Does type of homicide matter? Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40, 139-170.
18. Kubrin, C.E., & Weitzer, R. (2003). Retaliatory homicide: Concentrated disadvantage and neighborhood culture. Social Problems, 50, 157-180.
19. Land, K.C., McCall, P.L., & Cohen, L.E. (1990). Structural covariates of homicide rates: Are there any invariances across time and social space? American Journal of Sociology, 95, 922-963.
20. Leistra, G., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2003). Moord en doodslag in Nederland. [Homicide in the Netherlands]. Amsterdam: Prometheus.
21. Merton, R.K. (1938). Social structure and anomie. American Sociological Review, 3, 672-682.
22. Messner, S.F., Baumer, E.P., & Rosenfeld, R. (2004). Dimensions of social capital and rates of criminal homicide. American Sociological Review, 69, 882-903.
23. Messner, S.F., Deane, G., Kubrin, C., & Stucky, T. (2005, April). Proactive policing and robbery rates in geographic context: Linking cities and states. Paper presented at NCOVR workshop on Violent Crime in Geographic Context: Multi-level Analyses of Areal Units, University at Albany, New York.
24. Messner, S.F., & Golden, R.M. (1992). Racial inequality and racially disaggregated homicide rates: An assessment of alternative theoretical explanations. Criminology, 30, 421-447.
25. Messner, S.F., & Rosenfeld, R. (1999). Social structure and homicide. In M. D. Smith & M. A. Zahn (Eds.), Homicide: A sourcebook of social research (pp. 27-41). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
26. Messner, S.F., & Tardiff, K. (1986). Economic inequality and levels of homicide: An analysis of urban neighborhoods. Criminology, 24, 297-317.
27. Miles-Doan, R. (1998). Violence between spouses and intimates: Does neighborhood context matter? Social Forces, 77, 623-645.
28. Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Environment. (2003). Beter Thuis in Wonen [More competent at living]. The Hague: Author.
29. Morenoff, J.D., Sampson, R.J., & Raudenbush, S.W. (2001). Neighborhood inequality, collective efficacy, and the spacial dynamics of urban violence. Criminology, 39, 517-560.
30. Nieuwbeerta, P. (2005). Homicide in the Netherlands. Codebook. Leiden: NSCR-internal publication.
31. Nieuwbeerta, P., & Deerenberg, I. (2005). Geografische verschillen in de kans om door moord of doodslag te overlijden [Geographical variation in the risks of dying by homicide]. Bevolkingstrends, 53 (4). 62-69.
32. Parker, K.F., McCall, P.L., & Land, K.C. (1999). Determining social-structural predictors of homicide: Units of analysis and related methodological concerns. In M. D. Smith & M. A. Zahn (Eds.), Homicide: A sourcebook of social research (pp. 107-124). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
33. Rasbash, J., Browne, W., Goldstein, H., Yang, M., Plewis, I., & Healy, M. (2000). A user's guide to MLwiN. London: Institute of Education.
34. Raudenbush, S.W., & Sampson, R.J. (1999). Ecometrics: Toward a science of assessing ecological settings, with application to the systematic social observation of neighborhoods. Social Methodology, 29, 1-41.
35. Rosenfeld, R., Messner, S.F., & Baumer, E.P. (2001). Social capital and homicide. Social Forces, 80, 283-309.
36. Sampson, R.J., & Bartusch, D.J. (1998). Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: The neighborhood context of racial differences. Law & Society Review, 32, 777-804.
37. Sampson, R.J., & Groves, B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social disorganization theory. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 774-802.
38. Sampson, R.J., & Morenoff, J.D. (2004). Spatial (dis)advantage and homicide in Chicago neighborhoods. In M. Goodchild & D. Janelle (Eds.), Specially integrated social science (pp. 145-170). New York: Oxford University Press.
39. Sampson, R.J., & Raudenbush, S.W. (1999). Systematic social observation of public spaces: A new look at disorder in urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Sociology, 105, 603-651.
40. Sampson, R.J., Raudenbush, S.W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 227, 918-924.
41. Shaw, C.R., & McKay, H.D. (1969). Juvenile delinquency and urban areas: A study of rates of delinquents in relation to differential characteristics of local communities in American cities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1942 )
42. Silver, E., & Miller, L.L. (2004). Sources of informal social control in Chicago neighborhoods. Criminology, 42, 551-583.
43. Snijders, T.A.B., & Bosker, R.J. (1999). Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling. London: Sage.
44. Van Wilsem, J. (2003). Crime and context: The impact of individual, neighborhood, city and country characteristics on victimization. Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen.
45. Vlez, M.B. (2001). The role of public social control in urban neighborhoods. Criminology, 39, 837-63.
46. Williamson, K.R., & Flewelling, R.L. (1988). The social production of criminal homicide: A comparative study of disaggregated rates in American cities. American Sociological Review, 54, 421-431.
47. Wittebrood, K. (2000). Buurten en Geweldscriminaliteit: Een Multilevel Analyse [Neighbourhoods and violent crime: A multilevel analysis], Mens & Maatschappij, 75, 92-109.
48. Wittebrood, K. (2004). Van Delictmelding tot Officile Aangifte: Sprake van Sociale Ongelijkheid? [From notifying to an official report: A matter of social inequality?] Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, 46, 56-71.
49. Wolfgang, M.E. (1958). Patterns in criminal homicide. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.