Yb:YAG master oscillator power amplifier for remote wind sensing

Applied Optics

Volumn 46, Issue 30, 2007, Pages 7552-7565

  Sridharan, A K ^a   Saraf, S ^a   Byer, R L ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LASER CLADDING; LIGHT EMISSION; LIGHT REFLECTION; POWER AMPLIFIERS; REMOTE SENSING; SOLID STATE LASERS; YTTERBIUM;

PARASITIC OSCILLATION LIMITATIONS; QUADRUPLE PASS SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIER; TIR CONDITIONS; ZIG ZAG SLAB;

OSCILLISTORS;

YTTERBIUM;

ARTICLE; ASTRONOMY; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMICAL MODEL; CHEMISTRY; CRYSTALLIZATION; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; INSTRUMENTATION; LASER; METHODOLOGY; OPTICS; OSCILLOMETRY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; STATISTICAL MODEL; WEATHER; WIND;

ATMOSPHERE; CRYSTALLIZATION; DOPPLER EFFECT; EARTH (PLANET); EQUIPMENT DESIGN; LASERS; MODELS, CHEMICAL; MODELS, STATISTICAL; OPTICS; OSCILLOMETRY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; WEATHER; WIND; YTTERBIUM;

EID: 37549068538     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 15394522     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.46.007552     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. A. K. Sridharan, "Yb:YAG master oscillator power amplifier and PPLN optical parametric amplifiers for remote wind sensing," Ph.D. dissertation (Stanford University, 2007).
2. S. W. Henderson, R. M. Huffaker, M. J. Kavaya, C. P. Hale, J. R. Magee, and L. E. Myers, "Pulsed coherent solid-state 1.06 μm and 2.1 μm laser radar systems for remote velocity measurement," Proc. SPIE 1222, 118-129 (1990).
3. S. W. Henderson, P. J. M. Suni, C. P. Hale, S. M. Hannon, J. R. Magee, D. L. Bruns, and E. H. Yuen, "Coherent laser radar at 2 μm using solid-state lasers," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 31, 4-15 (1993).
4. P. J. M. Suni, G. Gates, E. H. Yuen, D. L. Bruns, S. R. Vetorino, and T. J. Valle, "A diode-pumped 2 μm transceiver for ground and airborne doppler lidar measurements," in Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Coherent Laser Radar Applications and Technology (1993), pp. 206-209.
5. R. Targ, B. C. Steakley, J. G. Hawley, L. L. Ames, P. Forney, D. Swanson, R. Stone, R. G. Otto, V. Zarifis, P. Brockman, R. S. Calloway, S. H. Klein, and P. A. Robinson, "Coherent lidar airborne wind sensor II: flight test results at 2 and 10 μm," Appl. Opt. 35, 7117-7127 (1996).
6. J. Yu, B. C. Trieu, E. A. Modlin, U. N. Singh, M. J. Kavaya, S. Chen, Y. Bai, P. J. Petzer, and M. Petros, "1 J/pulse Q-switched 2 μm solid state laser," Opt. Lett. 31, 462-464 (2006).
7. V. Srivastava, J. Rothermal, A. D. Clarke, J. D. Spinhirne, R. T. Menzies, D. R. Cutten, M. A. Jarzembski, D. A. Bowdle, and E. M. McCaul, "Wavelength dependence of backscatter by use of aerosol microphysics lidar data sets: application to 2.1-μm wavelength for space-based and airborne lidars," Appl. Opt. 40, 4759-4769 (2001).
8. S. M. Hannon and J. A. Thomson, "Aircraft wake vortex detection and measurement with pulsed solid-state coherent laser radar," J. Mod. Opt. 41, 2175-2196 (1994).
9. S. W. Henderson, P. Gatt, D. Rees, and R. M. Huffaker, Laser Remote Sensing (CRC, 2005).
10. J. E. Midwinter, "The theory of Q-switching applied to slow switching and pulse shaping for solid state lasers," Br. J. Appl. Phys. 16, 1125-1133 (1965).
11. E. Panarella and L. L. T. Bradley, "Controlled timewise redistribution of laser energy," IEEE J. Quantum Electron, QE-11, 181-184 (1975).
12. W. E. Schmid, "Pulse stretching in a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-16, 790-794 (1980).
13. J. Harrison, G. A. Rines, and P. F. Moulton, "Stable-relaxation- oscillation Nd lasers for long-pulse generation," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 1181-1187 (1988).
14. J. P. Roberts, K. W. Hosack, A. J. Taylor, J. Weston, and R. N. Ettelbrick, "Efficient frequency-doubled long pulse generation with a Nd:Glass/Nd:YAG oscillator-amplifier," Opt. Lett. 18, 429-431 (1993).
15. N. M. Wannop, M. R. Dickinson, A. Charlton, and T. A. King, "Q-switching the erbium-YAG laser," J. Mod. Opt. 41, 2043-2053 (1994).
16. 2 laser," J. Phys. D 29, 57-67 (1996).
17. W. Koechner, Solid-State Laser Engineering, Vol. 1 of Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 5th ed. (Springer-Verlag, 1999).
18. H. W. Bruesselbach, D. S. Sumida, R. A. Reeder, and R. W. Byren, "Low-heat high-power scaling using InGaAs-diode-pumped Yb:YAG lasers," IEEE J, Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3, 105-116 (1997).
19. M. Munz and G. Haag, "Saturation of the gain in laser amplifiers by feedback of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)," Z. Phys. B 50, 79-86 (1983).
20. D. Lowenthal and J. M. Eggleston, "ASE effects in small aspect ratio laser oscillators and amplifiers with nonsaturable absorption," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-22, 1165-1173 (1986).
21. Q. Lu and S. Dong, "Numerical and experimental investigation on ASE effects in high-power slab amplifiers," Opt. Laser Tech-nol. 25, 309-314 (1993).
22. T. J. Kane and R. L. Byer, "62-dB gain multiple-pass slab geometry Nd:YAG amplifier," Opt. Lett. 11, 216-219 (1986).
23. M, G. Knights, M. D. Thomas, E. P. Chicklis, G. A. Rines, and W. Seka, "Very high gain Nd:YLF amplifiers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 712-715 (1988).
24. G. H. Miller, E. I. Moses, and C. R. Wuest, "The National Ignition Facility," Opt. Eng. 43, 2841-2853 (2004).
25. M. Shaw, W. Williams, R. House, and C. Haynam, "Laser performance operations model," Opt. Eng. 43, 2885-2895 (2004).
26. M. L. Spaeth, K. R. Manes, C. C. Widmayer, W. H. Williams, P. K. Whitman, M. A. Henesian, I. F. Stowers, and J. Honig, "The National Ignition Facility wavefront requirements and optical architecture," Opt. Eng. 43, 2854-2865 (2004).
27. 3+ ions in yttrium aluminum garnet," Appl. Phys. Lett. 7, 127-129 (1965).
28. H. Bruesselbach and D. S. Sumida, "69-W-average-power Yb:YAG laser," Opt. Lett. 21, 450-462 (1996).
29. 3+ doped crystals for laser applications," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29, 1179-1191 (1993).
30. P. Lacovara, H. K. Choi, C. A. Wang, R. L. Aggarwal, and T. Y. Fan, "Room-temperature diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser," Opt. Lett. 16, 1069-1091 (1991).
31. T. Y. Fan, "Optimizing the efficiency and stored energy in quasi-three level lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 2692-2697 (1992).
32. P. Yang, P. Deng, and Z. Yin, "Concentration quenching in Yb:YAG," J. Lumin. 97, 51-54 (2002).
33. M. Larionov, K. Schuhmann, J. Speiser, C. Stolzenburg, and A. Geisen, "Nonlinear decay of the excited state in Yb:YAG," in Advanced Solid-State Photonics, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2005), paper TuB49.
34. L. M. Franz and J. S. Nodvik, "Theory of pulse propagation in a laser amplifier," J. Appl. Phys. 34, 2346-2349 (1963).
35. R. M. Wood, Laser-Induced Damage of Optical Materials (Institute of Physics, 2002).
36. R. J. Beach, E. C. Honea, S. B. Sutton, C. M. Bibeau, J. A. Skidmore, M. A. Emanuel, S. A. Payne, P. V. Avizonis, R. S. Monroe, and D. G. Harris, "High-average-power pumped Yb:YAG lasers," Proc. SPIE 3889, 246-260 (2000).
37. W. S. Martin and J. P. Chernoch, "Multiple internal reflection face pumped laser," U.S. patent 3,633,126 (4 January 1972).
38. W. B. Jones, "Face pumped laser with diffraction limited out-put beam," U.S. patent 4,214,216 (22 July 1980).
39. W. B. Jones, "Slab geometry laser," in Handbook of Solid-State Lasers (Marcel Dekker, 1989), pp. 581-612.
40. T. J. Kane, R. C. Eckardt, and R. L. Byer, "Reduced thermal focusing and birefringence in zig-zag slab geometry crystalline lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19, 1351-1354 (1983).
41. J. M. Eggleston, T. J. Kane, K. Kuhn, J. Untemahrer, and R. L. Byer, "The slab geometry laser - Part I: theory," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20, 289-301 (1984).
42. T. J. Kane, J. M. Eggleston, and R. L. Byer, "The slab geometry laser-Part II: thermal effects in a finite slab," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-21, 1195-1210 (1985).
43. 00 mode, diode-laser-pumped, Nd:YAG miniature-slab laser," Opt. Lett. 20, 459-462 (1995).
44. T. S. Rutherford, W. M. Tulloch, S. Sinha, and R. L. Byer, "Yb:YAG and Nd:YAG edge-pumped slab lasers," Opt. Lett. 26, 986-989 (2001).
45. A. K. Sridharan, S. Saraf, S. Sinha, and R. L. Byer, "Zig-zag slabs for solid-state laser amplifiers: batch fabrication and parasitic oscillation suppression," Appl. Opt. 45, 3340-3351 (2006).
46. A. D. Farinas, E. K. Gustafson, and R. L. Byer, "Design and characterization of a 5.5-W, cw, injection-locked fiber-coupled, laser-diode-pumped Nd:YAG miniature-slab laser," Opt. Lett. 19, 114-117 (1994).
47. T. S. Rutherford, W. M. Tulloch, E. K. Gustafson, and R. L. Byer, "Edge-pumped quasi-three-level slab lasers: design and power scaling," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 205-219 (1999).
48. J. M. Eggleston, L. M. Frantz, and H. Injeyan, "Derivation of the Frantz-Nodvik equation for zig-zag optical path, slab geometry laser amplifiers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 25, 1855-1862 (1989).
49. R. J. S. Pierre, D. W. Mordaunt, H. Injeyan, J. G. Berg, R. C. Hilyard, M. E. Weber, M. G. Wickham, G. M. Harpole, and R. Senn, "Diode array pumped kilowatt laser," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3, 53-58 (1997).
50. G. D. Goodno, S. Palese, J. Harkenrider, and H. Injeyan, "High average-power Yb:YAG end-pumped zig-zag slab laser," in Advanced Solid-State Lasers, Vol. 50 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series, C. Marshall, ed. (Optical Society of America, 2001), pp. 2-4.
51. G. D. Goodno, H. Komine, S. J. McNaught, S. B. Weiss, S. Redmond, W. Long, R. Simpson, E. C. Cheung, D. Howland, P. Epp, M. Weber, M. McClellan, J. Sollee, and H. Injeyan, "Coherent combination of high-power, zigzag slab lasers," Opt. Lett. 31, 1247-1249 (2006).
52. B. J. Comaskey, R. Beach, G. Albrecht, W. J. Benett, B. L. Freitas, C. Petty, D. VanLue, D. Mundinger, and R. W. Solarz, "High average power diode pumped slab laser," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 992-996 (1992).
53. L. A. Hackel, R. J. Beach, C. B. Dane, and L. E. Zapata, "Laser driver for soft-x-ray projection lithography," Appl. Opt. 32, 6914-6919 (1993).
54. M. J. Shoup III, J. H. Kelly, and D. L. Smith, "Design and testing of a large-aperture, high-gain, Brewster's angle zigzag Nd:glass slab amplifier," Appl. Opt. 36, 5827-5838 (1997).
55. N. Hodgson, T. Haase, and H. Weber, "Improved resonator design for rod lasers and slab lasers," Proc. SPIE 1277, 71-84 (1990).
56. N. Hodgson and T. Haase, "Beam parameters, mode structure and diffraction losses of slab lasers with unstable resonators," Opt. Quantum Electron. 24, S903-S926 (1992).
57. N. Hodgson, S. Dong, and Q. Lu, "Performance of a 2.3-kW Nd:YAG slab laser system," Opt. Lett. 18, 1727-1729 (1993).
58. Y. Chen, A. Rapaport, T. Y. Chung, B. Chen, and M. Bass, "Fluorescence losses from Yb:YAG slab lasers," Appl. Opt. 42, 7157-7162 (2003).
59. Y. Chen, B. Chen, M. K. R. Patel, A. Kar, and M. Bass, "Calculation of thermal gradient induced stress birefringence in slab lasers - I," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 40, 909-916 (2004).
60. Y. Chen, B. Chen, M. K. R. Patel, A. Kar, and M. Bass, "Calculation of thermal gradient induced stress birefringence in slab lasers - II," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 40, 917-927 (2004).
61. T. Y. Chung and M. Bass, "General analysis of slab lasers using geometrical optics," Appl. Opt. 46, 581-590 (2007).
62. A. Giesen, H. Hugel, A. Voss, K. Wittig, U. Brauch, and H. Opower, "Diode-pumped high-power solid-state laser: concept and first results with Yb:YAG," in Advanced Solid-State Lasers, T. Fan and B. Chai, eds., Vol. 20 of OSA Proceedings Series (Optical Society of America, 1994), paper YL2.
63. A. Giesen, H. Hügel, A. Voss, K. Wittig, U. Brauch, and H. Opower, "Scalable concept for diode pumped high power lasers," Appl. Phys. B 58, 365-372 (1994).
64. A. Giesen, "High power thin disk lasers and applications," in The 18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and ElectroOptics Society, 2005 (IEEE, 2005), pp. 750-751.
65. C. Stewen, M. Larionov, A. Giesen, K. Contag, and H. Hügel, "A 1-kW CW thin disc laser," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6, 650-657 (2000).
66. H. E. Meissner and J. M. McMahon, "Composite solid state lasers of improved efficiency and beam quality," U.S. patent 5,563,899 (8 October 1996).
67. N. Traggis, Precision Photonics Corporation, Boulder, Colo, (personal communication, 2005).
68. A. E. Siegman, Lasers (University Science Books, 1987).
69. R. J. Beach, "Optimization of quasi-three level end-pumped Q-switched lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 31, 1606-1613 (1995).
70. W. Long, Northrup Grumman Space Technology (personal communication, 2005).
71. D. C. Brown, D. P. Benfey, W. J. Gehm, D. H. Holmes, and K. K. Lee, "Parasitic oscillation and amplified spontaneous emission face-pumped total internal reflection lasers," Proc. SPIE 736, 74-82 (1987).
72. H. T. Powell, "Composite polymer/glass edge cladding for Nova replacement disks," Tech. Rep. UCRL 50021-86 (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1986).
73. A. K. Sridharan, S. Saraf, and R. L. Byer, "Method for fabricating zig-zag slabs for solid state lasers," U.S. patent 7,087,447 (8 August 2006).
74. T. J. Kane, W. J. Kozlovsky, R. L. Byer, and C. E. Byvik, "Coherent laser radar at 1.06 μm using Nd:YAG lasers," Opt. Lett. 12, 239-242 (1987).