Tertiary sequence of deformation in a thin-skinned/thick-skinned collision belt: The Zagros Folded Belt (Fars, Iran)

Tectonics

Volumn 26, Issue 5, 2007, Pages

  Mouthereau, Frederic ^a   Tensi, Julien ^a   Bellahsen, N ^a   Lacombe, O ^a   De Boisgrollier, Thomas ^a   Kargar, Shahram ^b  

^a SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF IRAN   (Iran)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLLISION ZONE; DEFORMATION; FOLDING; FORELAND BASIN; PLATE CONVERGENCE; TERTIARY; THIN SKINNED TECTONICS; UNDERPLATING;

ASIA; EURASIA; MIDDLE EAST; ZAGROS;

EID: 37549024194     PISSN: 02787407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007TC002098     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Ahmadhadi, F., O. Lacombe, and J.-M. Daniel (2007), Early reactivation ofbasement faults in Central Zagros (SW Iran): Evidence from pre-folding fracture populations in Asmari Formation and Lower Tertiary paleogeography, in Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins: From Fold Kinematics to Hydrocarbon Systems, edited by O. Lacombe et al. pp. 205-228, Springer, New York.
2. Alvarez, W. (1999), Drainage on evolving fold-thrust belts: A study of transverse canyons in the Apennines, Basin Res., 11, 267-284.
3. Ambraseys, N. N., and C. P. Melville (1982), A History of Persian Earthquakes, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
4. Ammuch, K., O. Lacombe, F. Mouthereau, and L. Dissez (2005), Quantification of orientations and magnitudes of the late Cenozoic paleostresses in the Zagros folded belt from calcite twin analysis, paper presented at Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins: International Meeting, Soc. Geol. de France, Rueil-Malmaison, France.
5. Axen, G., P. S. Lam, M. Grove, D. F. Stockli, and J. Hassanzadeh (2001), Exhumation of the west-central Alborz Mountains, Iran, Caspian subsidence, and collision-related tectonics, Geology, 29, 559-562.
6. Bahroudi, A., and H. A. Koyi (2003), Effect of spatial distribution of Hormuz salt on deformation style in the Zagros fold and thmst belt: An analogue modelling approach, J. Geol. Soc., 160, 1-15.
7. Berberian, M. (1995), Master "blind" thrust faults hidden under the Zagros folds: Active basement tectonics and surface tectonics surface morphotectonics, Tectonophysics, 241, 193-224.
8. Beydoun, Z. R., M. W. H. Clarke, and R. Stoneley (1992), Petroleum in the Zagros Basin: A late Tertiary foreland basin overprinted onto the outer edge of a vast hydrocarbon-rich Paleozoic-Mesozoic passive-margin shelf, in Foreland Basins and Fold Belts, AAPG Mem., vol. 55, edited by R. W. Macqueen and D. A. Leckie, pp. 309-339, Am. Assoc. of Petrol. Geol., Tulsa, Okla.
9. Biot, M. A. (1961), Theory of folding of stratified viscoelastic media and its implications in tectonics and orogenesis, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 72, 1595-1620.
10. Blanc, E. J.-P., M. B. Allen, S. Inger, and H. Hassani (2003), Structural styles in the Zagros simple folded zone, Iran, J. Geol. Soc., 160, 401-412.
11. Burbank, D. W., A. J. Meigs, and N. Brozovic (1996), Interactions of growing folds and coeval depositional systems, Basin Res., 8, 199-223.
12. Burg, J. P., P. Davy, and J. Martinod (1994), Shortening of analogue models of the continental lithosphere: New hypothesis for the fortuation of the Tibetan plateau, Tectonics, 13, 475-483.
13. e) of continental lithosphere: What does it really mean?, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 3905-3927.
14. Butler, R. W. H., et al. (2004), Applying thick-skinned tectonic models to the Apennine thrust belt of Italy - Limitations and Implications, in Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems, AAPG Mem., vol. 82, edited by K. R. McClay, pp. 647-667, Am. Assoc. of Petrol. Geol., Tulsa, Okla.
15. Chu, D., and R. G. Gordon (1998), Current plate motions across the Red Sea, Geophys. J. Int., 135, 313-328.
16. Cloetingh, S., E. Burov, and A. Poliakov (1999), Lithosphere folding: Primary response to compression ? (from central Asia to Paris basin), Tectonics, 18, 1064-1083.
17. Colman-Sadd, S. (1978), Fold development in Zagros simply folded belt, Southwest Iran, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 62, 984-1003.
18. Costa, E., and B. C. Vendeville (2002), Experimental insights on the geometry and kinematics of fold-and-thrust belts above weak, viscous evaporitic décollement, J. Struct. Geol., 24, 1729-1739.
19. Coward, M. P., M. De Donatis, S. Mazzoli, W. Paltrinieri, and F.-C. Wezel (1999), Frontal part of the northern Apennines fold and thrust belt in the Romagna-Marche area (Italy): Shallow and deep structural styles, Tectonics, 18, 559-574.
20. Cristallini, E. O., and V. A. Ramos (2000), Thick-skinned and thin-skinned thrusting in the La Ramada fold and thrust belt: Crustal evolution of the High Andes of San Juan, Argentina (32°SL), Tectonophysics, 317, 205-235.
21. d'Acremont, E., S. Leroy, M. Maia, P. Patriat, M.-O. Beslier, N. Bellahsen, M. Fournier, and P. Gente (2006), Structure and evolution of the eastern Gulf of Aden: Insights from magnetic and gravity data (Encens-Sheba MD117 cruise), Geophys. J. Int., 165, 786-803.
22. Davis, D. M., and T Engelder (1985), Role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts, Tectonophysics, 119, 67-88.
23. De Mets, C., R. G. Gordon, D. F. Argus, and S. Stein (1994), Effects of recent revision to the geomagnetic reversal time scale on estimates of current plate motions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2191-2194.
24. Elmore, R. D., and W. R. Farrand (1981), Asphalt-bearing sediment in synorogenic Miocene-Pliocene molasse, Zagros Mountains, Iran, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 65, 1160-1165.
25. Falcon, N. (1974), Zagros Mountains, Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic, belts, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 4, 199-211.
26. Ford, M., E. A. Williams, A. Artoni, J. Vergès, and S. Hardy (1996), Progressive evolution of a fault-related fold pair from growth strata geometries, Sant Llorenç de Monmys, SE Pyrenees, J. Struct. Geol., 19, 413-441.
27. Haq, B. U., J. Hardenbol, and P. R. Vail (1987), Chronology of fluctuating sea-levels since the Triassic, Science, 235, 1156-1167.
28. Hatzfeld, D., M. Tatar, K. Priestley, and M. Ghafori-Ashtiany (2003), Seismological constraints on the crustal structure beneath the Zagros Mountain Belt (Iran), Geophys. J. Int, 155, 403-410.
29. Hempton, M. R. (1987), Constraints on Arabian Plate motion and extensional history of the Red Sea, Tectonics, 6, 687-705.
30. Hessami, K., H. A. Koyi, C. J. Talbot, H. Tabasi, and E. Shabanian (2001), Progressive unconformities within an evolving foreland fold-thrust belt Zagros Mountains, J. Geol. Soc., 158, 969-981.
31. Homke, S., J. Verges, G. Garces, H. Emamia, and R. Karpuzc (2004), Magnetostratigraphy of Miocene-Pliocene Zagros foreland deposits in the front of the Push-e Kush Arc (Lurestan Province, Iran), Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 225, 397-410.
32. Honake, S., J. Verges, J. Serra-Kiel, G. Bemaola, G. Miguel, I. M. Verdu, I. Sharp, R. Karpuz, and M. Goodatzi (2007), Formation of the early Zagros foreland basin: biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic evidence from the Paleocene Amiran, Taleh Zang and Kashkan formations of Lurestan Province, SW Iran, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., in press.
33. Jackson, J. A. (1980), Reactivation of basement faults and crustal shortening in orogenic, belts, Nature, 283, 343-346.
34. Jackson, J. A., and D. McKenzie (1988), The relationship between plate motions and seismic moments tensors and the rates of active deformation in the Mediterranean and Middle East, Geophys. J. Int., 83, 45-73.
35. James, G. A., and J. G. Wynd (1965), Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian oil consortium agreement area, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 49, 2162-2245.
36. Jaumé, S. C., and R. J. Lillie (1988), Mechanics of the Salt Range-Potwar Plateau, Pakistan: A fold-and-thrust belt underlain by evaporites, Tectonics, 7, 57-71.
37. Koop, W., and R. Stoneley (1982), Subsidence history of the middle East Zagros basin, Permian to Recent, Philos. Trans. R. Soc., Ser. A, 305, 149-168.
38. Lacombe, O., and F. Mouthereau (2002), Basement-involved shortening and deep detachment tectonics in forelands of orogens: Insights from recent collision belts (Taiwan, Western Alps, Pyrenees), Tectonics, 21(4), 1030, doi:10.1029/2001TC901018.
39. Lacombe, O., F. Mouthereau, S. Kargar, and B. Meyer (2006), Late Cenozoic and modern stress fields in the western Fars (Iran): Implications for the tectonic and kinematic evolution of central Zagros, Tectonics, 25, TC1003, doi:10.1029/2005TC001931.
40. Lacombe, O., K. Amrouch, F. Mouthereau, and L. Dissez (2007), Calcite twinning constraints on late Neogene stress patterns and deformation mechanisms in the active Zagros collision belt, Geology, 35, 263-266.
41. Lee, C.-I., Y.-L. Chang, and M. P. Coward (2002), Inversion tectonics of the fold-and-thrust belt, western Taiwan, in Geology and Geophysics of an Arc-Continent Collision, Taiwan, edited by T. B. Byrne and C.-S. Liu, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc., 358, 13-30.
42. Mann, C. D., and C. Vita-Finzi (1988) Holocene serial folding in the Zagros, in Gondwana and Tethys, edited by M. G. Audley-Charles and A. Hallam, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 37, 51-59.
43. Masson, F., J. Chéry, D. Hatzfeld, J. Martinod, P. Vernant, F. Tavakoli, and M. Ghafory-Ashtiani (2004), Seismic versus aseismic deformation in Iran inferred from earthquakes and geodetic data, Geophys. J. Int., 160, 217-226.
44. McQuarrie, N. (2004), Crustal scale geometry of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, Iran, J. Struct. Geol., 26, 519-535.
45. McQuarrie, N., J. M. Stock, C. Verdel, and B. P. Wernicke (2003), Cenozoic evolution of Neotethys and implications for the causes of plate motions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(20), 2036, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL017992.
46. Meyer, B., R. Lacassin, J. Brulhet, and B. Mouroux (1994), The Basel 1356 earthquake: Which fault produced it?, Terra Nova, 6, 54-63.
47. Molinaro, M., P. Leturny, J.-C. Guezou, D. Frizon de Lamotte, and S. A. Eshraghi (2005), The structure and kinematics of the south-eastern Zagros fold-thrust belt; Iran: From thin-skinned to thick-skinned tectonics, Tectonics, 24, TC3007, doi:10.1029/2004TC001633.
48. Molnar, P., P. England, and J. Martinod (1993), Mantle dynamics, uplift of the Tibetan plateau, and the Indian monsoon, Rev. Geophys., 31, 357-396.
49. Motiei, H. (1993), Geology of Iran: Stratigraphy of Zagros, 536 pp., Geol. Surv. of Iran, Tehran.
50. Mouthereau, F., and O. Lacombe (2006), Inversion of the Paleogene Chinese continental margin and thick-skinned deformation in the Western Foreland of Taiwan, J. Struct. Geol., 28, 1977-1993.
51. Mouthereau, F., O. Lacombe, and B. Meyer (2006), The Zagros Folded Belt (Fars, Iran): Constraints from topography and critical wedge modelling, Geophys. J. Int., 165, 336-356.
52. Mouthereau, F., O. Lacombe, J. Tensi, N. Bellahsen, S. Kargar, and K. Amrouch (2007), Mechanical constraints on the development of The Zagros Folded Belt (Fars), in Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins: From Fold Kinematics to Hydrocarbon Systems, edited by O. Lacombe et al., pp. 245-264, Springer, New York.
53. National Iranian Oil Company (1977), Geological map of Iran, sheet 5, South-central Iran, Tehran.
54. Ni, J., and M. Barazangi (1986), Seismotectonics of the Zagros continental collision zone and a comparison with the Himilayas, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8205-8218.
55. Oberlander, T. (1985), Origin of drainage transverse to structures in orogens, in Tectonic Geomorphology, edited by J. Hack and M. Morisawa, pp. 155-182, Allen and Unwin, Boston, Mass.
56. Oveisi, B., J. Lavé, and P. Van der Beek (2007), Active folding and deformation rate at the central Zagros front (Iran), in Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins: From Fold Kinematics to Hydrocarbon Systems, edited by O. Lacombe et al., pp. 267-287, Springer, New York.
57. Paul, A., A. Kaviani, D. Hatzfeld, J. Vergne, and M. Mokhtari (2006), Seismological evidence for crustal-scale thrusting in the Zagros mountain belt (Iran), Geophys. J. Int., 166, 227-237.
58. Rostein, Y., and M. Schaming (2004), Seismic reflection evidence for thick-skinned tectonics in the northern Jura, Terra Nova, 16, 250-256.
59. Sans, M., J. Verges, E. Gomis, J. M. Parès, M. Schiattarella, A. Travé, F. Calvet, P. Santanach, and A. Doulcet (2003), Layer parallel shortening in salt-detached folds: Constraint on cross-section restoration, Tectonophysics, 372, 85-104.
60. Schmalholz, S. M., Y. Podladchikov, and J. P. Burg (2002), Control of folding by gravity and matrix thickness: Implications for large-scale folding, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B1), 2005, doi:10.1029 /2001JB000355.
61. Schuster, F., and U. Wielandt (1999), Oligocene and early Miocene coral faunas from Iran: Palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography, Int. J. Earth Sci., 88, 571-581.
62. Sherkati, S., and J. Letouzey (2004), Variation of structural style and basin evolution in the central Zagros (Izeh zone and Dezful Embayment), Iran, Mar. Pet. Geol., 21, 535-554.
63. Sherkati, S., M. Molinaro, D. Frizon de Lamotte, and J. Letouzey (2005), Detachment folding in the Central and Eastern Zagros fold-belt (Iran): Salt mobility, multiple detachments and late basement control, J. Struct. Geol., 27, 1680-1696.
64. Sinclair, H. D. (1997), Tectonostratigraphic model for underfilled peripheral basins: An Alpine perspective, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 109, 324-346.
65. Smit, J. H. W., J. P. Brun, and D. Sokoutis (2003), Deformation of brittle-ductile thrust wedges in experiments and nature, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B10), 2480, doi:10.1029/2002JB002190.
66. Snyder, D. B., and M. Barazangi (1986), Deep crustal structure and flexure of the Arabian plate beneath the Zagros collisional mountain belt as inferred from gravity observations, Tectonics, 5, 361-373.
67. Sommanaga, A. (1999), Décollement tectonics in the Jura foreland fold-and thrust belt, Mar. Pet. Geol., 16, 111-134.
68. Stocklin, J. (1968), Structural history and tectonics of Iran; a review, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 52, 1229-1258.
69. Stoneley, R. (198 1), The geology of the Kuh-e Dalneshin area of southern Iran, and its bearing on the evolution of southern Tethys, J. Geol. Soc., 138, 509-526.
70. Stoneley, R. (1990), The Arabian continental margin in Iran during the Late Cretaceous, in The Geology and Tectonics of the Oman Region, edited by A. H. F. Robertson, M. P. Searle, and A. C. Ries, pp. 787-795, Geol. Soc., London.
71. Storti, F., and K. McClay (1995), Influence of syntectonic sedimentation on thrust wedges in analogue models, Geology, 23, 999-1002.
72. Talbot, C. J., and M. Alavi (1996), The past of a future syntaxis across the Zagros, in Alsop, in Salt Tectonics, edited by G. I. Alsop, D. J. Blundell, and I. Davison, Geol Soc Am. Spec. Pap., 100, 89-109.
73. Talebian, M., and J. A. Jackson (2004), A reappraisal of earthquake focal mechanisms and active shortening in the Zagros mountains of Iran, Geophys. J. Int., 156, 506-526.
74. Tatar, M., D. Hatzfeld, and M. Ghafori-Ashtiany (2004), Tectonics of the Central Zagros (Iran) deduced from microearthquakes seismicity, Geophys. J. Int., 156, 255-266.
75. Tucker, G. E., and R. Slingerland (1996), Predicting sediment flux from fold and thrust belts, Basin Res., 8, 329-349.
76. Tucker, M. E. (2005), Sedimentary Petrology: An Introduction to the Origin of Sedimentary Rocks, 262 pp., Blackwell, Oxford, U. K.
77. Turcotte, D. L., and G. Schubert (2002), Geodynamics: Applications of Continuum Mechanics to Geological Problems, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
78. Vernant, P., et al. (2004), Present-day crustal deformation and plate kinematics in the Middle East constrained by GPS measurements in Iran and northern Oman, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 381-398.
79. Walpersdorf, A., D. Hatzfeld, H. Nankali, F. Tavakoli, F. Nifforoushan, M. Tatar, P. Vernant, J. Chery, and F. Masson (2006), Difference in the GPS deformation pattern of North and Central Zagros (Iran), Geophys. J. Int., 167, 1077-1088.
80. Watts, A. B. (2001), Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
81. Zachos, J., M. Pagani, L. Sloan, E. Thomas, and K. Billups (2001), Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present, Science, 292, 686-693, doi:10.1126/science.1059412.
82. Zapata, T. R., and R. W. Allmendinger (1996), Thrust-front zone of the Precordillera, Argentina: A thick-skinned triangle zone, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 80, 359-381.
83. Zhang, Y., B. E. Hobbs, A. Ord, and H. B. Mühlhaus (1996), Computer simulation of single-layer buckling, J. Struct. Geol., 18, 643-655.
84. Ziegler, M. A. (2001), Late Permian to Holocene paleofacies evolution of the Arabian Plate and its hydrocarbon occurrences, GeoArabia, 6, 445-503.