Multi-component fuel vaporization modelling and its effect on spray development in gasoline direct injection engines

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering

Volumn 221, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 1321-1342

  Tonini, S ^a,d   Gavaises, M ^a   Arcoumanls, C ^a   Theodorakakos, A ^b   Kometani, S ^c  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b Fluid Research Company   (Greece)

^c YAMAHA MOTOR CO   (Japan)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BERGAMO   (Italy)

Author keywords

Gasoline direct injection engines; Multi component fuel vaporization; Spray modelling

Indexed keywords

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; FUEL INJECTION; GASOLINE; HYDROCARBONS; VAPORIZATION;

EULERIAN VOLUME; FUEL VAPORIZATION; GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION (GDI);

ENGINES;

EID: 37549015164     PISSN: 09544070     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1243/09544070JAUTO545     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Wirth, M., Zimmermann, D., Friedfeldt, R., Calne, J., Schamel, A., Davies, M., et al. A cost optimised gasoline spray guided direct injection system for improved fuel economy. Seminar on Fuel Economy and Engine Downsizing, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, UK, 2004.
2. Lippert, A. M., El Tahry, S. H., Huebler, M. S., Parrish, S. E., Inoue, H., Noyori, T., et al. Development and optimization of a small-displacement sparkignition direct-injection engine-stratified operation. SAE paper 2004-01-0033, 2004.
3. Pontoppidan, M., Gaviani, G., Bella, G., and De Maio, A. Optimization by CFD simulation of spray formation parameters to adapt direct injection high-pressure fuel injectors to high-speed SI-engines. SAE paper 2004-01-0539, 2004.
4. Zhao, F., Lai, M.-C., and Harrington, D. L. Automotive spark-ignited direct-injection gasoline engines. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci.. 1999, 25, 437-562.
5. Gavaises, M. and Arcoumanis, C. Modelling of sprays from high-pressure swirl atomisers. Int. J. Engine Res., 2001, 2, 95-117.
6. Landenfeld, T., Kufferath, A., and Gerhardt, J. Gasoline direct injection SULEV emission concept. SAE paper 2004-01-0041, 2004,
7. Allen, J., Hargrave, G., and Khoo, Y. In-nozzle and spray diagnostic techniques for real sized pressure swirl and plain orifice gasoline direct injectors. SAE paper 2003-01-3151, 2003.
8. Ipp, W., Wagner, H. K., Wensing, M., Leipertz, A., Arndt, S., and Jain, A. K. Spray formation of highpressure swirl gasoline injectors investigated by twodimensional Mie and LIEF techniques. SAE paper 1999-01-0498, 1999.
9. Nouri, J. M. and Whitelaw, J. H. Spray characteristics of a GDI injector with short injection duration. Exp. in Fluids, 2001, 31, 377-383.
10. Shelby, M. H., VanDerWege, B. A., and Hochgreb, S. Early spray development in gasoline direct-injection spark-ignition engines. SAE paper 980160, 1998.
11. Abo-Serie, E., Arcoumanis, C., Gavaises, M., Argueyrolles, B., and Galzin, F. Structure of sprays generated by pressure swirl injectors for directinjection gasoline engines. 15th Annual Conference on Liquid atomkation and spray systems, 1999 (ILASS-Europe).
12. Abo-Serie, E., Arcoumanis, C., and Gavaises, M. Spray characteristics of pressure-swirl atomisers for G-DI engines: phase Doppler measurements. 16th Annual Conference on Liquid atomisation and spray systems, Germany, 2000 (ILASS-Europe).
13. Arcoumanis, C. and Gavaises, M. Pressure-swirl atomizers for DISI engines: further modelling and experiments. SAE paper 2000-01-1044, 2000.
14. Gavaises, M., Abdul- Wahab, E., and Arcoumanis, C. Nozzle hole film formation and its link to spray characteristics in swirl-pressure atomisers for direct injection gasoline engines. SAE paper 2002-01-1136, 2002.
15. Sazhin, S. S. Advanced models of fuel droplet heating and evaporation. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 2006, 32, 162-214,
16. Fuchs, N. A. Vaporisation and droplet growth in gaseous media, 1959 (Pergamon Press, London).
17. Schrage R. W. A theoretical study of interphase mass transfer, 1953 (Columbia University Press, New York).
18. Bellan, J. Supercritical (and subcritical) fluid behavior and modelling: drops, steams, shear and mixing layers, jets and sprays. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 2000, 26, 329-366.
19. Bird, R. B., Stewart, W. E., and Lightfoot, E. N. Transport phenomena, 2002 (Wiley, Chichester).
20. Clift, R., Grace, J. R., and Weber, M. E. Bubbles, drops and particles, 1978 (Academic Press, New York).
21. Faeth, G. M. Vaporisation and combustion of sprays. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 1983, 9, 1-76.
22. Givler, S. D. and Abraham, J. Supercritical droplet vaporization and combustion studies. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 1996, 22, 1-28.
23. Sirignano, W. A. Fluid dynamics and transport of droplets and sprays, 1999 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
24. Spalding, D. B. Convective mass transfer; an introduction, 1963 (Edward Arnold, London).
25. Chigier, N. A. Energy, combustion, and environment, 1981 (McGraw-Hill, New York).
26. Williams, F. A. Combustion theory, 1965 (Addison Wesley, Reading, MA).
27. Tong, A. Y. and Sirignano, W. A. Analysis of vaporising droplet with slip, internal circulation and unsteady liquid-phase and quasi-steady gas-phase heat transfer. ASME-JSME Thermal Joint Engineering Conference, 1983.
28. Hubbard, G. L., Denny, V. E., and Mills, A. F. Droplet vaporisation: effects of transient and variable properties. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1975, 18, 1003-1008.
29. Hohmann, S. and Renz, U. Numerical simulation of fuel sprays at high ambient pressure: the influence of real gas effects and gas solubility on droplet vaporisation. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2003, 46, 3017-3028.
30. Kim, H. and Sung, N. The effect of ambient pressure on the vaporisation of a single droplet and a spray. Combust. Flame, 2003, 135, 261-270.
31. Trujillo, M. F., Torres, D. J., and O'Rourke, P. J. High-pressure multicomponent liquid sprays: departure from ideal behaviour. Int. J. Engine Res., 2004, 5(3), 229-246.
32. Zhu, G. S. and Aggarwal, S. K. Fuel droplet vaporisation in a supercritical environment. J. Engng Gas Turbines Power: Trans. ASME, 2002, 124(4), 762-770.
33. Zhu, G. S. and Aggarwal, S. K. Transient supercritical droplet vaporisation with emphasis on the effects of equation of state. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2000, 43(7), 1157-1171.
34. Graboski, M. S. and Daubert, T. E. A modified Soave equation of state for phase equilibrium calculations. Part I: Hydrocarbon systems. Ind. Engng Chem. Process Des. Deu, 1987, 17, 337-443.
35. Peng, D. and Robinson, D. B. A new two-constant equation of state. Ind. Engng Chem. Fundamentals, 1976, 15, 59-64.
36. Redlich, O. and Kwong, J. N. S. On the thermodynamics of solutions. V: an equation of state. Fugacities of gaseous solutions. Chem. Rev., 1949, 44.
37. Prausnitz, J. M., Lichtenthaler, R. N., and Gomes de Azevedo, E. Molecular thermodynamics of fluid-phase equilibria. Prentice Hall International Series in the Physical and Chemical Engineering Sciences, 1999.
38. Cotterman, R. L. and Prausnitz, J. M. Flesh calculations for continuous and semicontinuous mixtures using an equation of state. Ind. Engng Chem. Process Des. Deu, 1985, 24, 434-443.
39. Patankar, S. V. Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow, 1980 (Taylor and Francis).
40. Wei, Y. S. and Sadus, R. J. Equations of state for the calculation of fluid phase equilibria. AIChE J., 2000, 46, 169-196.
41. Kneer, R. and Schneider, M. Diffusion controlled vaporisation of a multi-component droplet: theoretical studies on the importance of variable liquid properties. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1993, 36(9), 2403-2415.
42. Megaridis, C. M. and Sirignano, W. A. Numerical modelling of a vaporizing multicomponent droplet. 23rd Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, 1990, pp. 1413-1421.
43. Muckhopadhyay, A. and Sanyal, D. A study of thin-flame quasi-steady spherosymmetric combustion of multicomponent fuel droplets, Part I: Modelling for droplet surface regression and non unity gasphase Lewis number. Int. J. Energy Res., 1999, 23, 963-977.
44. Aggarwal, S. K. Modelling of a dilute vaporising multicomponent fuel spray. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1987, 30, 1949-1961.
45. Abdel-Qader, Z. and Halle«, W. L. H. The role of liquid mixing in vaporisation of complex multicomponent mixtures: modelling using continuous thermodynamics. Chem. Engng Sci., 2005, 60, 1629-1640.
46. Harstad, K. and Bellan, J. Modelling vaporisation of Jet A, JP-7, and RP-I drops at 1 to 15 bars. Comb. Flame, 2004, 137, 163-177.
47. Lippert, A. M. Modelling of multicomponent fuels with application to sprays and simulation of diesel engine cold start. PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1999.
48. Tamim, J. and Hallett, W. L. H. A continuous thermodynamics model for multi-component droplet vaporization. Chem. Engng Sci., 1995, 50.
49. Gavaises, M. Modelling of diesel fuel injection processes. PhD thesis, Imperial College, University of London,1997.
50. Giannadakis, E. Modelling of cavitation in automotive fuel injector nozzles. PhD thesis, Imperial College London, UK, 2005.
51. Theodorakakos, A. Numerical simulation of flow processes in IC engines. PhD thesis, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 1998.
52. Tonini, S. Fuel spray modelling in direct injection diesel and gasoline engines. PhD thesis, City University London, UK, 2006.
53. Theodorakakos, A. and Bergeies, G. Simulation of sharp gas-liquid interface using VOF method and adaptive grid local refinement around the interface. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 2004, 45, 421-439.
54. Dukowicz, J. K. A particle-fluid numerical model for liquid sprays. J. Comput. Phys., 1980, 35, 229-253.
55. Arcoumanis, C., Gavaises, M., Abdul-Wahab, E., and Moser, V. Modeling of advanced high-pressure fuel injection systems for passenger car diesel engines. Society of Automotive Engineers, technical paper series, 1999.
56. Feng, Z. G. and Michaelides, E. E. Drag coefficients of viscous spheres at intermediate and high Reynolds numbers. J. Fluids Engng, Trans. ASME, 2001, 123(4), 841-849.
57. Ranz, W. E. and Marshall, W. R. Evaporation from drops. Chem. Engng Prog., 1952, 48, 73-80, 141-146.
58. Yuen, M. C. and Chen, L. W. On the drag of evaporating droplet. Combust. Sci. Technol., 1976, 14, 145-154,
59. Downing, C. G. The evaporation of drops of pure liquids at elevated temperatures: rates of evaporation and wet-bulb temperatures. AIChE Journal, 1966, 12(4), 760-766.
60. Wong, S. C. and Lin, A. C. Internal temperature distributions of droplets vaporizing in hightemperature convective flows. J. Fluid Mech., 1992, 237, 671-687.
61. Poston, R. S. and McKetta, J. J. Vapor-liquid equilibrium in the n-hexane-nitrogen system. J. Chem. Engng Data, 1966, 11.
62. Stengele, J., Willmann, M., and Wittig, S. Experimental and theoretical study of droplet vaporization in a high pressure environment, ASME-97-GT-151, 1997.
63. Stengele, J., Prommersberger, K., Willmann, M., and Wittig, S. Experimental and theoretical study of one- and two- component droplet vaporization in a high pressure environment. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1999, 42, 2683-2694,
64. Kampanis, N., Arcoumanis, C., Kato, R., and Kometani, S. Flow, combustion and emissions in a five-valve research gasoline engine. SAE paper 2001-01-3556, 2001.
65. Kampanis, N., Arcoumanis, C., Kometani, S., Kato, R., and Kinoshita, H. Flow and mixture distribution in a high-speed five-valve direct injected gasoline engine. Int. J. Engine Res., 2006, 7(2).
66. Kampanis, N. Flow, mixture distribution and combustion in five-valve gasoline engines. PhD thesis, Imperial College, University of London, 2003.
67. Mitroglou, N. Multihole injectors for direct injection gasoline engines. PhD thesis, The City University London, 2006.