The importance of electron microscopy in the study of capillary endothelial cells: An historical review

Endothelium: Journal of Endothelial Cell Research

Volumn 14, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 257-264

  Nico, Beatrice ^a   Crivellato, Enrico ^b   Ribatti, Domenico ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BARI MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UDINE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Capillary Endothelial Cells; Electron Microscope; Ultrastructure

Indexed keywords

ANGIOGENESIS; CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; CAPILLARY PROLIFERATION; CELL HETEROGENEITY; CELL JUNCTION; CELL MEMBRANE; CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE; CYTOLOGY; CYTOPLASM; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; EMBRYO GROWTH; ENDOCYTOSIS; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; EUKARYOTIC CELL; HUMAN; MACROMOLECULE; MORPHOLOGICAL TRAIT; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION;

ANIMALS; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; HUMANS; INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS; MEMBRANE MICRODOMAINS; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; NEOPLASMS; WEIBEL-PALADE BODIES;

EUKARYOTA;

EID: 37549005970     PISSN: 10623329     EISSN: 10292373     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10623320701746289     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Altschul, R. (1954) Endothelium. Its Development, Morphology, Function, and Pathology, MacMillan, New York
2. Ausprunk, D. H. and Folkman, J. (1977) Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells in preformed and newly formed blood vessels during tumor angiogenesis. Microvascular Research, 14, pp. 53-65.
3. Ausprunk, D. H., Knighton, D. R. and Folkman, J. (1974) Differentiation of vascular endothelium in the chick chorioallantois: A structural and autoradiographic study. Developmental Biology, 38, pp. 237-248.
4. Bearer, E. L. and Orci, L. (1985) Endothelial fenestral diaphragms: A quick-freeze, deep-etch study. Journal of Cell Biology, 100, pp. 418-428.
5. Brightman, M. W. and Reese, T. S. (1969) Junctions between initimately apposed cell membranes in the vertebrate brain. Journal of Cell Biology, 40, pp. 648-677.
6. Brightman, M. W. (1989) The anatomic basis of the blood-brain barrier. Implications of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Manipulation, vol. 1, pp. 53-83. Plenum Medical, New York
7. Bruns, R. R. and Palade, G. E. (1968) Studies on blood capillaries. I. General organization of blood capillaries in muscle. Journal of Cell Biology, 37, pp. 244-276.
8. Bruns, R. R. and Palade, G. E. (1968) Studies on blood capillaries. II. Transport of ferritin across the wall of muscle capillaries. Journal of Cell Biology, 37, pp. 277-299.
9. Bundgaard, M. (1980) Transport pathways in capillaries: In search of pores. Annals Reviews Physiology, 42, pp. 325-336.
10. Cavallo, T., Sade, R., Folkman, J. and Cotran, R. (1973) Ultrastructural autoradiographic studies of the early vasoproliferative response in tumor angiogenesis. American Journal of Pathology, 70, pp. 345-362.
11. Chambers, R. and Zweifach, B. W. (1940) Capillary endothelial cement in relation to permeability. Journal of Cell Comparative Physiology, 15, pp. 255-272.
12. Clementi, F. and Palade, G. E. (1969) Intestinal capillaries. I. Permeability to peroxidase and ferritin. Journal of Cell Biology, 41, pp. 33-58.
13. Cliff, W. J. (1963) Observation on healing tissue: A combined light and electron microscope investigation. Philosophy Transactions of the Royal Society Series B, 246, pp. 305-325.
14. Crivellato, E., Nico, B., Vacca, A. and Ribatti, D. (2003) B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas express heterogeneous patterns of neovascularization. Haematologica, 88, pp. 761-678.
15. Delorme, P. (1972) Différenciation ultrastructural des jonctions intercellulaires de l'endothélium des capillaires télencéphaliques chez l'embryon de poulet. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie, 133, pp. 571-582.
16. Djonov, V., Andres, A. J. and Ziemiecki, A. (2001) Vascular remodeling during the normal amd malignant life cycle of the mammary gland. Microscopy Research Techniques, 52, pp. 182-189.
17. Djonov, V., Schmid, M., Tschanz, S. A. and Burri, P. H. (2000) Intussusceptive angiogenesis: Its role in embryonic vascular network formation. Circulatory Research, 86, pp. 286-292.
18. Dvorak, A. M. and Feng, D. (2001) The vesicular-vacuolar organelle (VVO). A new endothelial cell permeability organelle. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 49, pp. 419-432.
19. Farquhar, M. G. and Palade, G. E. (1963) Junctions complexes in various epithelia. Journal of Cell Biology, 17, pp. 375-394.
20. Feder, N. (1971) Microperoxidase: An ultrastructural tracer of low molecular weight. Journal of Cell Biology, 51, pp. 339-343.
21. Feng, D., Nagy, J. A., Dvorak, H. F. and Dvorak, A. M. (2002) Ultrastructural studies define soluble macromolecular, particulate, and cellular transendothelial cell pathways in venules, lymphatic vessels, and tumor-associated microvessels in man and animals. Microscopic Researches and Techniques, 57, pp. 289-326.
22. Florey, H. W. (1966) The endothelial cell. British Medical Journal, 2, pp. 487-490.
23. Folkman, J. and Haudenschild, C. (1980) Angiogenesis in vitro. Nature, 288, pp. 551-556.
24. Franke, W. W., Kapprel, H. P. and Cowin, P. (1987) Immunolocalization of plakoglobin in endothelial junctions: Identification as a special type of Zonulae adherentes. Journal of Cell Biology, 59, pp. 205-218.
25. Frokjaer-Jensen, J. (1980) Three-dimensional organization of plasmalemmal vesicles in endothelial cells. An analysis by serial sectioning of frog mesenteric capillaries. Journal of Ultrastructural Research, 73, pp. 9-20.
26. Frokjaer-Jensen, J. (1983) The plasmalemmal vesicular system in capillary endothelium. Progress in Applied Microcirculation, 1, pp. 17-34.
27. Frokjaer-Jensen, J. (1985) The vesicle controversy. Progress in Applied Microcirculation, 9, pp. 21-42.
28. Frokjaer-Jensen, J. (1991) The endothelial vesicle system in cryofixed frog mesenteric capillaries analysed by ultrathin serial sectioning. Journal of Electron Microscopic Techniques, 19, pp. 291-304.
29. Furie, M. B., Cramer, E. B., Naprstek, B. L. and Silverstein, S. C. (1984) Cultured endothelial cell monolayers that restrict the transendothelial passage of macromolecules and electrical current. Journal of Cell Biology, 98, pp. 1033-1041.
30. Gimbrone Jr., M. A., Cotran, R. S. and Folkman, J. (1974) Human vascular endothelial cells in culture. Growth and DNA synthesis. Journal of Cell Biology, 60, pp. 673-684.
31. Girard, J. P. and Springer, T. A. (1995) High endothelial venules (HEVs): Specialized endothelium for lymphocyte migration. Immunology Today, 16, pp. 449-457.
32. Graham, R. C. and Karnovsky, M. J. (1966) The ealy stages of adsorption of injected horseradish peroxidase in the proximal tubules of mouse kidney; ultrastructural cytochemistry by a new technique. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 14, pp. 291-302.
33. Haar, J. L. and Ackerman, G. A. (1971) A phase and electron microscopic study of vasculogenesis and erythropoiesis in the yolk sac of the mouse. Anatomical Record, 170, pp. 199-223.
34. Haudenschild, C. C. (1984) Morphology of vascular endothelial cells in culture. Biology of Endothelial Cells, pp. 129-140. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston
35. Karnovsky, M. J. (1967) The ultrastructural basis of capillary permeability studied with peroxidase as a tracer. Journal of Cell Biology, 35, pp. 213-236.
36. Konerding, M. A., Van Ackern, C., Hinz, S., Steinberg, F. and Streffer, C. (1992) Ultrastructural studies of tumor angiogenesis in human xenotransplanted tumors. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 60, pp. 49-53.
37. Kumar, P., Kumar, S., Marsden, H. B., Lynch, P. G. and Earnshaw, E. (1980) Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells ad a marker for angiogenesis in brain tumors. Cancer Research, 40, pp. 2010-2019.
38. Jaffe, E. A., Hoyer, L. W. and Nachman, R. L. (1973) Synthesis of antiemophylic factor antigen by cultured endothelial cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 52, pp. 2757-2764.
39. Majno, G. (1965) Ultrastructure of the vascular membrane. Handbook of Physiology, Section 2, Circulation, Vol III, pp. 2293-2375. American Physiological Society, Washington, DC, Washington
40. Miur, A. R. and Peters, A. (1962) Quintuple-layered membrane junctions at terminal bars between endothelial cells. Journal of Cell Biology, 12, pp. 443-448.
41. Nagy, Z., Peters, H. and Huttner, I. (1984) Fracture faces of cell junctions in cerebral endothelium during normal and hyerosmolar conditions. Laboratory Investigation, 50, pp. 313-322.
42. Palade, G. E. (1953) Fine structure of blood vessels. Journal of Applied Physiology, 24, pp. 1423-1426.
43. Palade, G. E. and Porter, K. R. (1954) Studies on the endoplasmic reticulum. I. Its identification in cells in situ. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 10, pp. 641-656.
44. Palade, G. E., Simionescu, M. and Simionescu, N. (1979) Structural aspects of the permeability of the microvascular endothelium. Acta Physiologica Scandinava Supplements, 463, pp. 11-32.
45. Palade, G. E., Simionescu, M. and Simionescu, N. (1982) Differentiated microdomains in the vascular endothelium. Pathobiology of the Endothelial Cell, P &S Biomedical Sciences Symphosia No. 6. pp. XXIII-XXXIII. Academic Press, New York-London
46. Parry, E. W. and Abramovich, D. R. (1972) The ultrastructure of human umbilical vessel endothelium from early pregnancy to full term. Journal of Anatomy, 111, pp. 29-42.
47. Patan, S., Munn, L. L. and Jain, R. K. (1996) Intussusceptive microvascular growth in a human colon adenocarcinoma xenograft: A novel mechanism of tumor angiogenesis. Microvascular Research, 51, pp. 260-272.
48. Peters, A. (1962) Plasma membrane contacts in the central nervous system. Journal of Anatomy, 96, pp. 237-248.
49. Reese, T. S. and Karnovsky, M. J. (1967) Fine structural localization of a blood-brain barrier to exogenous peroxidase. Journal of Cell Biology, 34, pp. 207-217.
50. Renkin, E. M. (1964) Transport of large molecules across the capillary walls. Physiologist, 7, pp. 13-28.
51. Ribatti, D., Nico, B., Floris, C., Mangieri, D., Piras, F., Ennas, M. G., Vacca, A. and Sirigu, P. (2005) Microvascular density, vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity in tumor cells, vessel diameter and intussusceptive microvascular growth in primary melanoma. Oncology Reports, 14, pp. 81-84.
52. Schoefl, G. I. (1963) Studies on inflammation. III. Growing capillaries: Their structure and permeability. Virchows Archives Patology Anatomy Physiology, 337, pp. 97-141.
53. Simionescu, N. (1979) The microvascular endothelium: Segmental differentiations, transcytosis, slective distribution of anionic sites. Advances In Inflammation Research, vol. 1, pp. 61-70. Raven Press, New-York
54. Simionescu, N., Simionescu, M. and Palade, G. E. (1975) Permeability of muscle capillaries to small hemepeptides: Evidence for the existence of patent transendothelial channels. Journal of Cell Biology, 64, pp. 586-607.
55. Simionescu, M., Simionescu, N. and Palade, G. E. (1975) Segmental differentiations of cell junctions in the vascular endothelium. The microvasculature. Journal of Cell Biology, 67, pp. 863-885.
56. Simionescu, M., Simionescu, N. and Palade, G. E. (1975) Segmental differentiation of cell junctions in the vascular endothelium. Arteries and veins. Journal of Cell Biology, 68, pp. 705-723.
57. Simionescu, N., Simionescu, M. and Palade, G. E. (1978) Open junctions in the endothelium of post capillary venules of the diaphragm. Journal of Cell Biology, 79, pp. 27-44.
58. Simionescu, M., Simionescu, N., Silbert, J. E. and Palade, G. E. (1981) Differential microdomains on the luminal surface of the capillary endothelium. II. Partial characterization of their anionic sites. Journal of Cell Biology, 90, pp. 614-621.
59. Stehbens, W. E. (1965) Ultrastructure of vascular endothelium in the frog. Quarterly Journal Experimental Physiology Cognitive Medicine Sciences, 50, pp. 375-384.
60. Straus, W. (1958) Colorimetric analysis with N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine of the uptake of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase by various tissues of the rat. Journal of Biophysic and Biochememical Cytology, 4, pp. 541-550.
61. Van, den, Berg, B. M., Vink, H. and Spaan, J. A. (2003) The endothelial glycocalyx protects against myocardial edema. Circulation Research, 92, pp. 592-594.
62. Van Deurs, B. (1980) Structural aspects of brain barriers, with special reference to the permeability of the cerebral endothelium and choroidal epithelium. International Review of Cytology, 65, pp. 117-191.
63. Wagner, D. D., Olmsted, J. B. and Marder, V. J. (1982) Immunolocalization of von Willebrand protein in Weibel-Palade bodies of human endothelial cells. Journal of Cell Biology, 95, pp. 355-360.
64. Wagner, R. C. and Casley-Smith, J. R. (1981) Endothelial vesicles. Microvascular Research, 21, pp. 267-289.
65. Weibel, E. R. and Palade, G. E. (1964) New cytoplasmic components in arterial endothelia. Journal of Cell Biology, 23, pp. 101-112.
66. Wolff, J. R. and Bar, T. (1972) 'Seamless' endothelia in brain capillaries during development of the rat's cerebral cortex. Brain Research, 41, pp. 17-24.