Was Japanese colonialism good for the welfare of Taiwanese? Stature and the standard of living

China Quarterly

Volumn , Issue 192, 2007, Pages 990-1017

  Morgan, Stephen L ^a   Liu, Shiyung ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLONIALISM; ECONOMIC POLICY; ETHNIC GROUP; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; SOCIAL STATUS; STANDARD OF LIVING; WELFARE IMPACT;

ASIA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; TAIWAN;

EID: 37449026029     PISSN: 03057410     EISSN: 14682648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0305741007002135     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Christopher Howe, "Taiwan in the 20th century: Model or victim? Development problems in a small Asian economy," in Richard Louis Edmonds and Steven M. Goldstein (eds.), Taiwan in the Twentieth Century: A Retrospective View (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 46.
2. James M. Tanner, "Introduction: Growth in height as a mirror of the standard of living," in John Komlos (ed.), Stature, Living Standards, and Economic Development: Essays in Anthropometric History (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1994), pp. 1-6.
3. Overviews of the anthropometric approach include: Richard H. Steckel, "Stature and the standard of living," Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 33, No. 4 (1995), pp. 1903-40
4. Richard H. Steckel and Roderick Floud, "Introduction," in Richard H. Steckel and Roderick Floud (eds.), Health and Welfare during Industrialization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), pp. 1-16
5. Timothy Cuff, The Hidden Cost of Economic Development: The Biological Standard of Living in Antebellum Pennsylvania (Hampshire: Ashgate, 2005), pp. 10-44.
6. Komlos, Stature, Living Standards, and John Komlos and Joerg Baten (eds.), Studies on the Biological Standard of Living in Comparative Perspective (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998).
7. Lance Brennan, John MacDonald and Ralph Shlomowitz, "The heights and economic well-being of North Indians under British rule," Social Science History, Vol. 18, No. 2 (1994), pp. 271-307;
8. Pierre van der Eng, "An inventory of secular changes in human growth in Indonesia," in John Komlos (ed.), The Biological Standard of Living on Three Continents: Further Explorations in Anthropometric History (Boulder: Westview Press, 1995), pp. 175-88;
9. Gail Honda, "Differential structure, differential health: industrialization in Japan, 1868-1940," in Steckel and Floud, Health and Welfare, pp. 251-84;
10. Carl Mosk, Making Health Work: Human Growth in Modern Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996);
11. Stephen L. Morgan, "Biological indicators of change in the standard of living in China during the 20th century," in Komlos and Baten, Studies, pp. 7-34.
12. John Strauss and Duncan Thomas, "Health, nutrition, and economic development," Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 36, No. 2 (1998), pp. 766-817;
13. Anne Case, Darren Lubotsky and Christina Paxson, "Economic status and health in childhood: The origins of the gradient," American Economic Review, Vol. 92, No. 5 (2002), pp. 1308-34;
14. Menno Pradhan, David E. Sahn and Stephen D. Younger, "Decomposing world health inequality," Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 22, No. 2 (2003), pp. 271-93.
15. Cited in Phyllis B. Eveleth and James M. Tanner, Worldwide Variation in Human Growth, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 191.
16. Kelly Olds, "The biological standard of living in Taiwan under Japanese occupation," Economics and Human Biology, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2003), pp. 187-206;
17. Stephen L. Morgan, "Economic growth and the biological standard of living in China, 1880-1930," Economics and Human Biology, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2004), pp. 197-218.
18. Samuel P. S. Ho, Economic Development of Taiwan, 1860-1970 (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1978), pp. 23-24;
19. Shu jen Yeh, "Economic growth and the farm economy in colonial Taiwan, 1895-1945," PhD diss., University of Pittsburgh, 1991, pp. 18-23.
20. Chang Han-Yu and Ramon H. Myers, "Japanese colonial development policy in Taiwan, 1895-1906: A case of bureaucratic entrepreneurship," Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 22, No. 4 (1963), p. 434.
21. Howe, "Taiwan," p. 40.
22. George W. Barclay, Colonial Development and Population in Taiwan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1954), pp. 133-34;
23. Ibid. pp. 134-35.
24. Ho, Economic Development, pp. 33-35;
25. Barclay, Colonial Development, pp. 136-72.
26. Patricia Tsurumi, Japanese Colonial Education in Taiwan, 1895-1945 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977);
27. Patricia Tsurumi, "Colonial education in Korea and Taiwan," in Ramon H. Myer and Mark R. Peattie (eds.), The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), pp. 275-311.
28. Barclay, Colonial Development, pp. 154, 146;
29. Mohammad Mirzaee, "Trends and determinants of mortality in Taiwan, 1895-1975," PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1979, pp. 47-50, 60, 63-64.
30. Ho, Economic Development, p. 29.
31. Chang Han-Yu, "Development of irrigation infrastructure and management in Taiwan, 1900-1940," in Editing Committee for the Essays of Dr Chang Han-Yu (ed.), Economic Development and Income Distribution in Taiwan: The Essays of Dr Chang Han-Yu, Vol. 4 (Taipei: Sun Ming Books Co., 1983), p. 32.
32. Chang, "Development of irrigation" p. 52;
33. Howe, "Taiwan," p. 46.
34. Ho, Economic Development, p. 31.
35. Ramon H. Myers and Adrienne Ching, "Agricultural development in Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule," Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4 (1964), p. 557;
36. Ramon H. Myers, "Agrarian policy and agricultural transformation: mainland China and Taiwan, 1895-1945," Journal of Chinese Studies of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Vol. 3, No. 2 (1970), pp. 521-42.
37. Yhi-min Ho, Agricultural Development Taiwan 1903-1960 (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1966), p.31;
38. S.C. Hsieh and T.H. Lee, Agricultural Development and its Contribution to Economic Growth in Taiwan: Input-Output and Productivity Analysis of Taiwan Agricultural Development (Taipei: Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction, 1966), p. 14.
39. Tu Zhaoyan (To Shogen), Riben diguozhuyi xia de Taiwan (Taiwan under Japanese Imperialism), trans. Li Mingjun, (Taipei: Renjian, 1999).
40. Original: Nihon teikokushugika no Taiwan (Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, 1975).
41. Ho, Economic Development, p. 91.
42. Ibid. p. 100.
43. Ibid. p. 32
44. Ibid. pp. 93-96
45. Ibid. pp. 96-98.
46. Ibid. p. 97.
47. Samuel P. S. Ho, "Agricultural transformation under colonialism: The case of Taiwan," The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 28, No. 3 (1968), pp. 313-40.
48. Also the critique by Yhi-min Ho, "Taiwan's agricultural transformation under colonialism: A critique," The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 31, No. 3 (1971), pp. 672-81.
49. Chang Han-Yu, "A study of the living conditions of farmers in Taiwan, 1931-1950," in Economic Development and Income Distribution, pp. 77-78, shows farm income grew rapidly during the 1930s, and was still above that prevailing in 1950.
50. Yeh, "Economic growth," pp. 202, 234.
51. Mizoguchi, "Consumer prices and real wages," pp. 47-51;
52. quotation p. 48.
53. Wu Tsong-min, "1910 nian zhi 1950 man Taiwan diqu guonei shengchan mao'e zhi guji" ("Estimates of the gross domestic product of the Taiwan area 1910 to 1950"), Jingji lunwen congkan (Taiwan Economic Review), Vol. 19, No. 2 (1991), pp. 127-75;
54. Wu Tsong-min, "Taiwan nongxuye zhi shengchan'e: 1902-1952" ("Taiwan's agricultural production: 1902 1952"), Jingii lunwen congkan, Vol. 29, No. 2 (200 1), pp. 303-38.
55. For comparison of his 1991 and 2001 figures, see Figure 9 in Wu Tsongmin, "Taiwan's agricultural production," p. 324. New GDP estimates are emerging from the Asian Historical Statistics Project at Hitotsubashi University. See http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp.
56. Chih-Ming Ka, Japanese Colonialism in Taiwan. Land Tenure, Development, and Dependency, 1895-1945 (Taipei: SMC Publishing, 1995), pp. 133, 144.
57. Ibid. p. 177.
58. Ibid. pp 185, 187.
59. Howe, "Taiwan," p. 43.
60. Ka, Japanese Colonialism, p. 139.
61. About 80% of sugar delivered to Japanese mills came from family farms, the mainstay of cane production. Ka, Japanese Colonialism, ch. 3.