De/scribing squ*w: Indigenous women and imperial idioms in the United States

American Indian Culture and Research Journal

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 1-16

  King, C Richard ^a  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 37449021759     PISSN: 01616463     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17953/aicr.27.2.97761545p7401436     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Tom Heinen, "Squaw a Word to be Banned?, " Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, 22 December 1996.
2. Susan Chisholm, "Native American Debate to Remove the Word 'Squaw' from Land Place Names," All Things Considered, National Public Radio, 25 January 2000.
3. Dean Chavers, "Doing away with the 'S' Word, " Indian Country Today 16, 37 (10-17 March 1997): A5.
4. Ted Nawa, reply, posted on H-AMINDIAN electronic discussion list, 6 December 1999.
5. Ruth-Ellen Cohen, "Radio Announcer's Comment Sparks Furor, " Bangor Daily News, 4 March 2000;
6. Dawn Gagnon, "Announcer Apologizes for American Indian Slur, " Bangor Daily News, 7 March 2000.
7. "The Mascot Issue", [http://www.main.nc.us/wncccib/ IndianMascotIssue.htm], accessed 28 August 2000.
8. Lois Thomas, "What's in a Name, " In These Times, 2 November 1997.
9. Damina Whitworth, "Indians on the PC Warpath to Ban Use of 'Squaw, '" The Times (London), 7 December 1999;
10. "PC Run Amok, " Las Vegas Review-Journal, 22 February 1999.
11. Joane Nagel, American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Red Power and the Resurgence of Identity and Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997).
12. S. R. Lyons, "Rhetorical Sovereignty: What Do American Indians Want from Writing?" Journal of the Conference on College Composition and Communication 51, 3 (2000): 447-468.
13. See also, Cornell Pewewardy, "Renaming Ourselves on Our Own Terms: Race, Tribal Nations, and Representation in Education, " Indigenous Nations Studies Journal 1, 1 (2000): 11-28;
14. Michael Yellow Bird, "What We Want to Be Called: Indigenous Peoples' Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Identity Labels, " American Indian Quarterly 23, 2 (1999): 1-21.
15. Tejaswini Niranjana, Siting Translation: History, Post-Structuralism, and the Colonial Context (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).
16. Chadwick Allen, "Postcolonial Theory and the Discourse of Treaties, " American Quarterly 52, 1 (2000): 59-89;
17. C. Richard King and Charles F. Springwood, eds., Team Spirits: The Native American Mascot Controversy (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001).
18. See for example, Laura E. Donaldson, "On Medicine Women and White Shame-ans: New Age Native Americanism and Commodity Fetishism as Pop Culture Feminism, " Signs 24, 3 (1999): 677-696;
19. Rayna Green, "The Pocahontas Perplex: The Image of Indian Women in American Culture, " in Unequal Sisters: A Multicultural Reader in U.S. Women's History, eds. Ellen Carol DuBois and Vicki L. Ruiz (1975, new ed., New York: Roudedge, 1990), 15-21;
20. Clara Sue Kidwell, "Indian Women as Cultural Mediators, " Ethnohislory 39, 2 (1992): 97-107;
21. Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Perspectives on Native American Women (New York: Routledge, 1995);
22. Rebecca Tsosie, "Changing Women: The Cross-Currents of American Indian Feminine Identity, " American Indian Culture and Research Journal 12, 1 (1988): 1-37.
23. Amy Kaplan and Donald E. Pease, eds., Cultures of United States Imperialism (Durham: Duke University Press, 1993);
24. C. Richard King, ed., Postcolonial America (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000).
25. Raymond Williams, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976).
26. Alexander F. Chamberlin, "Squaw, " in Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, ed. Frederick Webb Hodge, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 30 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1910);
27. Oxford English Dictionary
28. Bernard J. Rock, "News Release from North Central Minnesota Native American Veterans Outreach and Resource Center, " Native American News, 12 October 1996 [4(41)]. This piece can be accessed at http://wwv.nanews.org/ archive/1996/nanews04.041.
29. Green, "The Pocahontas Perplex."
30. See also, David D. Smits, "'The Squaw Drudge': A Prime Index of Savagism, " Ethnohislory 29 (1982): 281-306.
31. Oxford English Dictionary
32. Oxford English Dictionary, Harold Wentworth and Stuart Berg Flexner, eds., Dictionary of American Slang (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1967).
33. Ibid, Wentworth and Flexner. Dictionary of American Slang, 1967
34. Ramon F. Adams, Western Words: A Dictionary of the Atnerican West, rev. ed. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968);
35. Oxford English Dictionary
36. Mitford M. Matthews, ed., A Dictionary of Americanisms vol.2 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 1626-1627.
37. Quoted in Chavers, "Doing away with the 'S' Word."
38. Joseph Bruchac, "The Bones are Alive: An Interview with Wendy Rose, " in Survival This Way: Interviews with American Indian Poets (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1987), 249-269.
39. Paul Carrier, "Indian Women Want 'Squaw' Outlawed, " Kennebec Journal, 1 February 2000.
40. Marge Bruchac, "Reclaiming the Word 'Squaw' in the Name of the Ancestors, " posted on H-AMINDIAN electronic discussion list, 2 December 1999.
41. Donald Soctomah, "Squaw... Its Dehumanizing Effect and Origins, " personal communication, January 2000.
42. Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, ed. John B. Thompson, trans. Gino Raymond and Matthew Adamson (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), 239.
43. Annette Kolodny, The Lay of the Land: Metaphor as Experience and History in American Life and Letters (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975).
44. Carol Douglas Sparks, "The Land Incarnate: Navajo Women and the Dialogue on Colonialism, 1821-1870, " in Negotiators of Change: Historical Perspectives on Native American Women, ed. Nancy Shoemaker (New York: Routledge, 1995), 135-156.
45. Quoted in Ilze Choi, "Reply, " posted on H-AMINDIAN electronic discussion list, 14 December 1999.
46. See David Prochaska, "At Home in Illinois: Presence of Chief Illiniwek, Absence of Native Americans, " in Team Spirits: The Native American Mascot Controversy, eds. C. Richard King and Charles F. Springwood (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001);
47. Nicholas Thomas, Possessions: Indigenous Art/Colonial Culture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1999).
48. Philip Deloria, Playing Indian (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).
49. Charles L. Cutler, "Renaming a Continent, " in O Brave New Words! Native American Loanwords in Current English (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994), 67-78.
50. Renato Rosaldo, "Imperialist Nostalgia, " in Culture and Truth (Boston: Beacon, 1989), 68-87;
51. Kathryn Milun, "(En)countering Imperial Nostalgia, " Discourse 14, 1 (1991/1992): 58-74.
52. Allison M. Dussais, "Waging War with Words, " Ohio State Law Journal 60, 3 (1999): 901-993.
53. Ibid, 919. Allison M. Dussais, "Waging War with Words, " Ohio State Law Journal 60, 3 (1999): 901-993.
54. Ibid. Ibid, 919. Allison M. Dussais, "Waging War with Words, " Ohio State Law Journal 60, 3 (1999): 901-993.
55. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh, eds., The Decolonization of Imagination: Culture, Knowledge, and Power (London: Zed Books, 1995).
56. C. Richard King, "Borrowing Power: Racial Metaphors and Pseudo-Indian Macots, " CR The New Centennial Review, Forthcoming, 2004.
57. Debra Glidden, "Reflections on the Word Squaw, " typescript, author's files.
58. Ward Churchill, "Let's Spread the Fun Around, " in Indians Are Us? Culture and Genocide in Native North America (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 1994), 65-72.
59. Glidden, "Reflections on the Word Squaw."
60. Robert Franklin, "A Word That Offends; Cass Lake Students Want 'Squaw' Removed from Lakes, City, " Minneapolis Star Tribune, 4 June 1994, 1A;
61. Robert Franklin, "'Squaw' Fades from State Maps as Lakes and Areas are Renamed, " Minneapolis Star Tribune, 1 August 1996, 1A;
62. Eric Schmitt, "Lake County Journal; Battle Rages over a 5- Letter Four-Letter Word, " New York Times, 4 September 1996, A16.
63. Franklin, "A Word that Offends."
64. Kevin Duscschere "Teens Win Battle, " Minneapolis Star Tribune, 9 Februar)' 1995, 1B;
65. Franklin, "'Squaw' Fades from State Maps";
66. Schmitt, "Lake County Journal";
67. Dane Smith, "Indian Names: House Panel OKs Deleting 'Squaw' from Geographic Designations, " Minneapolis Star Tribune, 6 April 1995, 2B.
68. Pat Kossan, "Indians Protest 'Squaw': Activists Seek to Take Offensive Term Off Map, " Arizona Republic, 4 December 1996.
69. "Committee Starts Work to Remove Racist Word, " Billings Gazette, 27 August 1999.
70. Carrier, "Indian Women Want 'Squaw' Outlawed";
71. Emmet Meara, "Bill Would Ban Use of Word 'Squaw, '" Bangor Daily News, 29 January 2000.
72. King, Postcolonial America.
73. Bruchac, "Reclaiming the Word 'Squaw.'"
74. Ibid. Bruchac, "Reclaiming the Word 'Squaw.'"
75. Alice Nash, "'Squaw' Controversy Again, " posted on H-AMINDIAN electronic discussion list, 24 February 2000;
76. Bruchac, "Reclaiming the Word 'Squaw.'"
77. Nash, "'Squaw' Controversy Again."
78. Ibid. Nash, "'Squaw' Controversy Again."
79. Bruchac, "Reclaiming the Word 'Squaw.'"
80. Rosemary Coombe, The Cultural Life of Intellectual Properties: Authorship, Appropriation, and the Law (Durham: Duke University Press, 1998).
81. Judith Butler, Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative (New York: Routledge, 1997).
82. Nash, "'Squaw' Controversy Again."
83. Soctomah, "Squaw... Its Dehumanizing Effect and Origins."