Kwame nkrumah and the chiefs: The fate of ‘natural rulers’ under nationalist governments

Transactions of the Royal Historical Society

Volumn 10, Issue , 2000, Pages 45-63

  Rathbone, Richard ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 37349120600     PISSN: 00804401     EISSN: 14740648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0080440100000037     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. See for example Jean Suret-Canale's Essays on African History; from the slave trade to neocolonialism (translated by Christopher Hurst). (London, 1984).
2. A position adopted by many of the authors in Michael Crowder and Obaro Ikime (eds), West African Chiefs; their changing status under colonial rule and independence (New York, 1970). (London, 1964). The review appears in African Affairs, vol. 64. No. 255, January 1965.
3. For Ghana specifically see Richard Rathbone (ed.), Ghana (British documents on the end of Empire series) (London, 1992).
4. This issue is explored more fully in Richard Rathbone, ‘Transferring power in Ghana: some thoughts on what the archives might be telling us’, in Ghana Studies, vol. i, no. i, Ã-99 pp. I-11.
5. With the notable exception of Jean Allman's study of the National Liberation Movement, The Quills of the Porcupine (Wisconsin, 1994), there is, for example, very little analysis of opposition parties in late colonial Ghana.
6. The elections are covered in great detail in Dennis Austin's masterpiece Politics in Ghana, ig-igão (London, 1964).
7. That is implicit in Denis Austin's Politics in Ghana and in David Apter, The Gold Coast in Transition (Princeton, 1955).
8. This was for example the burden of Robert Fitch and Mary Oppenheimer, Ghana; the end of the illusion (New York, 1968).
9. Published material on this period is sadly rare. David Kimble's magisterial Political History of Ghana (Oxford, 1964) ends in 1928.
10. See Kwame Arhin, Traditional rule in Ghana; past and present (Accra, 1985) p. 108.
11. These processes are brought out in Robert Addo-Fening, Akyem Abuakwa, from Ofori Panin to Sir Ofori Atta (Trondheim, 1997)
12. and Richard Rathbone, Murder and politics in colonial Ghana (New Haven, 1993).
13. In John Dunn and A. F. Robertson, Dependence and opportunity; political change in Ahafo (Cambridge, 1973), p. 170.
14. John Dunn in Dunn and Robertson, Dependence and opportunity, p. 93.
15. Most notably in Hailey, Native Administration in the British African territories (London, 1951). Colonial Office reactions can be seen in PRO CO 96/810/6.
16. This argument was made first and most persuasively by Richard Crook in ‘Decolonization, the colonial state and chieftaincy in Ghana’ in African Affairs, vol. 85, no. 338 (January, 1986), pp. 75–107.
17. See Ronald Hyam, The Labour Government and the end of Empire (British Documents on the End of Empire series) (London, 1992), vol. i.
18. The Commission of Enquiry into disturbances in the Gold Coast was chaired by Aiken Watson, KC, and its Report was published as Col. 231 in 1948.
19. See for example Kofi Busia, The position of the chief in the modern political system of Ashanti (London, 1951).
20. This is essentially the argument of several of the authors in Paul Jenkins (ed) Akyem Abuakwa and the politics of the inter-war period in Ghana (Basle, 1975).
21. The Accra Evening News, 7 September 1950.
22. There are several accounts of just this process. The struggles in Wenchi and Manya Krobo are to be found in David Apter, Gold Coast in transition, pp. 257-272 and that in Ofinso is dealt with in great detail in Richard Crook's excellent but sadly unpublished thesis ‘Local elites and national politics in Ghana; a case study of political centralization and local politics in Offinso (Ashanti) 1945-66’, London, 1978. There are other cases discussed in Richard Rathbone's Nkrumah and the chiefs.
23. Executive Council memorandum by Edward Asafu Adjaye, Minister for Local Government, 28 July i95i. National Archives of Ghana (NAG) ADM i3/2/i.
24. See Report of the Commission on Native Courts (Accra, 1951).
25. See Cabinet Minutes for ii July 1952, NAG ADM 13/2/6.
26. The Evening News, 4 May 1954.
27. The most comprehensive account of the history of the NLM is Jean Allman, The quills of the porcupine, Madison, Wisconsin, 1993.
28. The Daily Graphic, 2 March 1956.
29. Speaking at Kwahu on ii July i954 and reported in The Evening News, i2 July 1954.
30. The details of this sequence of events are to be found in Richard Rathbone (ed), Ghana (British Documents on the end of Empire series), vol. 2, London, 1992.
31. Published in Accra, 1957. The Commissioner was Arthur Greenwood.
32. Cabinet memorandum by the Minister of Local Government, i4 August, i956. NAG ADM i3/2/3i.
33. The Ashanti Pioneer, i4 October 1958. The electors of Aflao returned an independent candidate and accordingly did not get piped water.
34. The Minister of Local Government speaking to the Joint Provincial Council of Chiefs reported in The Daily Graphic, 12 August 1957.
35. In the Divisional Court in Accra on 27 January 1959.
36. Reported in the Daily Graphic, 12 August 1957.