The security implications of climate change

Washington Quarterly

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 115-138

  Podesta, John ^a   Ogden, Peter ^a  

^a CENTER FOR AMERICAN PROGRESS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 37349106876     PISSN: 0163660X     EISSN: 15309177     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/wash.2007.31.1.115     Document Type: Article

References (82)

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3. http://www.gtp89.dial.pipex.com/spm.pdf (hereinafter "Summary for Policymakers," Climate Change 2007).
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7. Salehyan, "Refugees, Climate Change, and Instability," p. 15.
8. Ibid., pp. 4-6, 10.
9. "Summary for Policymakers," Climate Change 2007, p. 13.
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21. Ibid.
22. Michael Case, "Climate Change Impacts on East Africa," November 2006, p. 4, http://assets.panda.org/downloads/ east_africa_Climate_change-impacts_final.pdf
23. Ibid.
24. Military Advisory Board, CNA Corporation, "National Security and the Threat of Climate Change," 2007, p. 15, http://securityandclimate.cna.org/report/ National%20Security%20and%20the%20Threat%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf.
25. Barnett, "Security and Climate Change," p. 8;
26. "Summary for Policymakers," Climate Change 2007, p. 10.
27. Robert Leiken, "Europe's Angry Muslims," Foreign Affairs 84, no. 4 (July/August 2005), http://www.foreignaffairs.org/ 20050701faessay84409-pO/robert-s-leiken/europe-s-angry-muslims.html.
28. Ibid.
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31. "EU Unveils News Immigration Plans," BBC News, November 30, 2006, http://news.bbc-co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6160633.stm.
32. Amy Otchet, "Saber-rattling Among Thirsty Nations," UNESCO Courier, October 2001, http://www.unesco.org/courier/2001_10/uk/ doss01.htm.
33. Michael Schultz, ":Turkey, Syria, and Iraq: A Hydropolitical Security Complex," in Hydropolitics: Conflicts Over Water as a Development Constraint, ed. L. Ohlsson (Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Zed Books, 1995), pp. 107-113.
34. Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi, Liz Creel, and Roger-Mark de Souza, "Finding the Balance: Population and Water Scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa," PRB MENA Policy Brief, July 2002, p. 2, http://www.prb.org/pdf/FindingTheBalance_Eng.pdf
35. Alex Handcock, "Water Conflict: A Critical Analysis of the Role of Water in the Middle," May 13, 2004, p. 9, http://www.amcips.org/ PDF_books/BookIV19.pdf.
36. Ibid.
37. Thomas F. Homer-Dixon et al., "Environmental Change and Violent Conflict," Scientific American, no. 38 (February 1993): 44.
38. Maher Bitar, "Water and the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: Competition or Cooperation?" December 22, 2005, http://www.fmep.org/ analysis/articles/water_policy_maher.html.
39. Ayca Ariyoruk, "Turkish Water to Israel?" PolicyWatch, no. 782 (August 13, 2003), http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/ templateC05.php?CID=1660.
40. Mad Milstein, "Diverting Red Sea to Dead Sea Could Create Environmental Crisis," National Geographic News, December 14, 2006, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/061214-dead-sea.html.
41. Roudi-Fahimi, Creel, and de Souza, "Finding the Balance," pp. 2-3.
42. Jan Selby, "The Geopolitics of Water in the Middle East: Fantasies and Realities," Third World Quarterly 26, no. 2 (2005): 329, 343-344, http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Users/js208/thirdworldquarterly.pdf.
43. Assaf Anyamba et al., "Developing Global Climate Anomalies Suggest Potential Disease Risks for 2006-2007, " International Journal of Health Geographics, no. 5 (2006), http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/5/1/60.
44. Ibid.
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46. Gary Cecchine and Melinda Moore, Infectious Disease and National Security: Strategic Information Needs (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2006), pp. 19-21, http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/2006/ RAND_TR405.pdf.
47. "SARS, Thailand, Tourism, and Business Travel: How Fast for Recovery?" Asian Market Research News, April 30, 2003, http://www.asiamarketresearch.com/news/000305.htm.
48. U.S. General Accounting Office, "Global Health: Challenges in Improving Infectious Disease Surveillance Systems," GAO-01-722, August 2001, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d01722.pdf.
49. Susan Peterson, "Epidemic Disease and National Security," Security Studies 12, no. 2 (Winter 2002-03): 43, 60-61.
50. Cecchine and Moore, Infectious Disease and National Security, pp. 17-18.
51. Working Group on Climate Change and Development, "Up in Smoke? Latin America and Caribbean: The, Threat From Climate Change to the Environment and Human Development," 2006, pp. 5, 18, 39, http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/reports/upinsmokelatamerica.pdf
52. Peterson, "Epidemic Disease and National Security," p. 55.
53. Stefan Lovgren, "African Army Hastening HIV/AIDS Spread," Jenda: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies 1, no. 2 (2001), http://www.jendajournal.com/voll.2/lovgren.html.
54. John Podesta, John Deutch, and Peter Ogden, "China's Energy Challenge," in China's March on the 21st Century, eds. Kurt Campbell and Willow Darsie (Washington, D.C.: Aspen Institute, 2007), p. 55, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2007/01/pdf/aspen_paper.pdf
55. Daniel Rosen and Trevor Houser, "China Energy: A Guide for the Perplexed," in China: The Balance Sheet, eds. C. Fred Bergsten et al. (Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Books, 2007), p. 15.
56. Ibid., p. 34.
57. Michel Boko et al., "Fourth Assessment Report: Asia," in Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, eds. Martin Parry et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 471, http://www.gtp89.dial.pipex.com/10.pdf
58. Ibid., p. 482.
59. Ling Li, "China Releases First National Report on Climate Change," January 11, 2007, http://www.worldwatch.org/node/4848.
60. "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change," http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf
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63. Peter Harmsen, "Dire Warnings From First Chinese Climate Change Report," Agence France-Presse, December 27, 2006, http://www.terradaily.com/reports/ Dire_Warnings-From_First_Chinese_Climate_Change_Report_999.html.
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67. Jim Yardley, "Thousands of Chinese Villagers Protest Factory Pollution," New York Times, April 13, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/13/international/asia/ 13cnd-riot.html?ex= 1271044800&en=ab5109b63a9b9799&ei= 5088&partner=rssnyt.
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69. Jared Diamond, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (New York: Viking, 2005), p. 375.
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78. Military Advisory Board, CNA Corp., "National Security and the Threat of Climate Change," p. 48.
79. "Summary for Policymakers," Climate Change 2007, p. 10;
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82. Development, Concepts, and Doctrine Centre (DCDC), British Ministry of Defence, "The DCDC Global Strategic Trends Programme 2007-2036," p. 42, http://www.dcdc-strategictrends.org.uk/ viewdoc.aspx?doc=1.