메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 56, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 341-348

Airway remodeling in asthma

Author keywords

Airway hyperreactivity; Airway inflammation; Airway remodeling; Asthma; Review

Indexed keywords

BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; DEXAMETHASONE; LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; MONTELUKAST; PEPTIDOLEUKOTRIENE; THEOPHYLLINE;

EID: 37349064865     PISSN: 13238930     EISSN: 14401592     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.R-07-153     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (154)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 0001860852 scopus 로고
    • The shedding of the mucosa of the bronchial tree in asthma
    • Naylor B. The shedding of the mucosa of the bronchial tree in asthma. Thorax 1962;17:69-72.
    • (1962) Thorax , vol.17 , pp. 69-72
    • Naylor, B.1
  • 3
    • 0027404742 scopus 로고
    • The structure of large and small airways in normal and fatal asthma
    • Carroll N, Elliot J, Morton A, James A. The structure of large and small airways in normal and fatal asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993;147:405-410.
    • (1993) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.147 , pp. 405-410
    • Carroll, N.1    Elliot, J.2    Morton, A.3    James, A.4
  • 4
    • 0021848962 scopus 로고
    • Damage of the airway epithelium and bronchial reactivity in patients with asthma
    • Laitinen LA, Heino M, Laitinen A, Kava T, Haahtela T. Damage of the airway epithelium and bronchial reactivity in patients with asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1985;131: 599-606.
    • (1985) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.131 , pp. 599-606
    • Laitinen, L.A.1    Heino, M.2    Laitinen, A.3    Kava, T.4    Haahtela, T.5
  • 5
    • 0035984581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthmatic bronchial epithelium is more susceptible to oxidant-induced apoptosis
    • Bucchieri F, Puddicombe SM, Lordan JL et al. Asthmatic bronchial epithelium is more susceptible to oxidant-induced apoptosis. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2002;27: 179-185.
    • (2002) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol , vol.27 , pp. 179-185
    • Bucchieri, F.1    Puddicombe, S.M.2    Lordan, J.L.3
  • 6
    • 0036169602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cells and eosinophils cooperate in the induction of bronchial cell apoptosis in asthma
    • Trautmann A, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Kruger K et al. T-cells and eosinophils cooperate in the induction of bronchial cell apoptosis in asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2002;109:329-337.
    • (2002) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.109 , pp. 329-337
    • Trautmann, A.1    Schmid-Grendelmeier, P.2    Kruger, K.3
  • 7
    • 0001773567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelium as a target
    • Barnes PJ, Grunstein MM, Leff AR, Woolcock AJ eds, Philadelphia: Lippencott-Raven
    • White SR. Epithelium as a target. In: Barnes PJ, Grunstein MM, Leff AR, Woolcock AJ (eds). Asthma. Philadelphia: Lippencott-Raven, 1997;875-900.
    • (1997) Asthma , pp. 875-900
    • White, S.R.1
  • 9
    • 10244250341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunogenetics of asthma and eczema: A new focus on the epithelium
    • Cookson W. The immunogenetics of asthma and eczema: a new focus on the epithelium. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2004; 4:978-988.
    • (2004) Nat. Rev. Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 978-988
    • Cookson, W.1
  • 10
    • 0036907405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway smooth muscle: An immunomodulatory cell
    • Panettieri RA Jr. Airway smooth muscle: an immunomodulatory cell. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2002;110:S269-S274.
    • (2002) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.110
    • Panettieri Jr., R.A.1
  • 12
    • 0027404742 scopus 로고
    • The structure of large and small airways in normal and fatal asthma
    • Carroll N, Elliot J, Morton A, James A. The structure of large and small airways in normal and fatal asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993;147:405-410.
    • (1993) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.147 , pp. 405-410
    • Carroll, N.1    Elliot, J.2    Morton, A.3    James, A.4
  • 13
    • 0015911409 scopus 로고
    • Hyperplasia of bronchial smooth muscle in asthma
    • Heard BE, Hossain S. Hyperplasia of bronchial smooth muscle in asthma. J. Pathol. 1973;110:319-332.
    • (1973) J. Pathol , vol.110 , pp. 319-332
    • Heard, B.E.1    Hossain, S.2
  • 14
    • 0027181166 scopus 로고
    • Cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscles underlying bronchial asthma: A 3-D morphometric study
    • Ebina M, Takahashi T, Chiba T, Motomiya M. Cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscles underlying bronchial asthma: a 3-D morphometric study. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993;148:720-726.
    • (1993) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.148 , pp. 720-726
    • Ebina, M.1    Takahashi, T.2    Chiba, T.3    Motomiya, M.4
  • 15
    • 0015535510 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative measurement of bronchial muscle in men with asthma
    • Hossain S. Quantitative measurement of bronchial muscle in men with asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1973;107:99-109.
    • (1973) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.107 , pp. 99-109
    • Hossain, S.1
  • 16
    • 0025368080 scopus 로고
    • Hyperreactive site in the airway tree of asthmatic patients revealed by thickening of bronchial muscles: A morphometric study
    • Ebina M, Yaegashi H, Chiba R, Takahashi T, Motomiya M, Tanemura M. Hyperreactive site in the airway tree of asthmatic patients revealed by thickening of bronchial muscles: a morphometric study. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990;141:1327-1332.
    • (1990) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.141 , pp. 1327-1332
    • Ebina, M.1    Yaegashi, H.2    Chiba, R.3    Takahashi, T.4    Motomiya, M.5    Tanemura, M.6
  • 17
    • 0035423346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway smooth muscle cell proliferation is increased in asthma
    • Johnson PR, Roth M, Tamm M et al. Airway smooth muscle cell proliferation is increased in asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001;164:474-477.
    • (2001) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 474-477
    • Johnson, P.R.1    Roth, M.2    Tamm, M.3
  • 18
    • 0141457413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway smooth muscle growth from the perspective of animal models
    • Martin JG, Ramos-Barbon D. Airway smooth muscle growth from the perspective of animal models. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2003;137:251-261.
    • (2003) Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol , vol.137 , pp. 251-261
    • Martin, J.G.1    Ramos-Barbon, D.2
  • 19
    • 0038544594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of circulating fibrocytes as precursors of bronchial myofibroblasts in asthma
    • Schmidt M, Sun G, Stacey MA, Mori L, Mattoli S. Identification of circulating fibrocytes as precursors of bronchial myofibroblasts in asthma. J. Immunol. 2003;171:380-389.
    • (2003) J. Immunol , vol.171 , pp. 380-389
    • Schmidt, M.1    Sun, G.2    Stacey, M.A.3    Mori, L.4    Mattoli, S.5
  • 20
    • 0037018153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High RhoA activity maintains the undifferentiated mesenchymal cell phenotype, whereas RhoA down-regulation by laminin-2 induces smooth muscle myogenesis
    • Beqaj S, Jakkaraju S, Mattingly RR, Pan D, Schuger L. High RhoA activity maintains the undifferentiated mesenchymal cell phenotype, whereas RhoA down-regulation by laminin-2 induces smooth muscle myogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 2002;156:893-903.
    • (2002) J. Cell Biol , vol.156 , pp. 893-903
    • Beqaj, S.1    Jakkaraju, S.2    Mattingly, R.R.3    Pan, D.4    Schuger, L.5
  • 21
    • 0035149573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-β1 induces phenotypic modulation of human lung fibroblasts to myofibroblast through a c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase-dependent pathway
    • Hashimoto S, Gon Y, Takeshita I, Matsumoto K, Maruoka S, Horie T. Transforming growth factor-β1 induces phenotypic modulation of human lung fibroblasts to myofibroblast through a c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase-dependent pathway. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001;163:152-157.
    • (2001) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.163 , pp. 152-157
    • Hashimoto, S.1    Gon, Y.2    Takeshita, I.3    Matsumoto, K.4    Maruoka, S.5    Horie, T.6
  • 22
    • 28444469406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bradykinin differentiates human lung fibroblasts to a myofibroblast phenotype via the B2 receptor
    • Vancheri C, Gili E, Failla M et al. Bradykinin differentiates human lung fibroblasts to a myofibroblast phenotype via the B2 receptor. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2005;116: 1242-1248.
    • (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.116 , pp. 1242-1248
    • Vancheri, C.1    Gili, E.2    Failla, M.3
  • 24
    • 1942467843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular matrix proteins modulate asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell proliferation via an autocrine mechanism
    • Johnson PR, Burgess JK, Underwood PA et al. Extracellular matrix proteins modulate asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell proliferation via an autocrine mechanism. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2004;113:690-696.
    • (2004) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.113 , pp. 690-696
    • Johnson, P.R.1    Burgess, J.K.2    Underwood, P.A.3
  • 25
    • 3442876677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysfunctional interaction of C/EBPalpha and the glucocorticoid receptor in asthmatic bronchial smooth-muscle cells
    • Roth M, Johnson PR, Borger P et al. Dysfunctional interaction of C/EBPalpha and the glucocorticoid receptor in asthmatic bronchial smooth-muscle cells. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004;351:560-574.
    • (2004) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.351 , pp. 560-574
    • Roth, M.1    Johnson, P.R.2    Borger, P.3
  • 26
    • 0027181166 scopus 로고
    • Cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscles underlying bronchial asthma: A 3-D morphometric study
    • Ebina M, Takahashi T, Chiba T, Motomiya M. Cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscles underlying bronchial asthma: a 3-D morphometric study. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993;148:720-726.
    • (1993) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.148 , pp. 720-726
    • Ebina, M.1    Takahashi, T.2    Chiba, T.3    Motomiya, M.4
  • 28
    • 11144358047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperplasia of smooth muscle in mild to moderate asthma without changes in cell size or gene expression
    • Woodruff PG, Dolganov GM, Ferrando RE et al. Hyperplasia of smooth muscle in mild to moderate asthma without changes in cell size or gene expression. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004;169:1001-1006.
    • (2004) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.169 , pp. 1001-1006
    • Woodruff, P.G.1    Dolganov, G.M.2    Ferrando, R.E.3
  • 29
    • 1642463432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and effects of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) in human airway smooth muscle cells
    • Zhou D, Zheng X, Wang L et al. Expression and effects of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) in human airway smooth muscle cells. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2003;140:1237-1244.
    • (2003) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.140 , pp. 1237-1244
    • Zhou, D.1    Zheng, X.2    Wang, L.3
  • 30
    • 0038126890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration of airway smooth muscle cells
    • Madison JM. Migration of airway smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2003;29:8-11.
    • (2003) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol , vol.29 , pp. 8-11
    • Madison, J.M.1
  • 32
    • 0041627689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do inflammatory mediators influence the contribution of airway smooth muscle contraction to airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma?
    • Fernandes DJ, Mitchell RW, Lakser O, Dowell M, Stewart AG, Solway J. Do inflammatory mediators influence the contribution of airway smooth muscle contraction to airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma? J. Appl. Physiol. 2003;95:844-853.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.95 , pp. 844-853
    • Fernandes, D.J.1    Mitchell, R.W.2    Lakser, O.3    Dowell, M.4    Stewart, A.G.5    Solway, J.6
  • 34
    • 0038652023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-9 induces mucous cell metaplasia independent of inflammation
    • Reader JR, Hyde DM, Schelegle ES et al. Interleukin-9 induces mucous cell metaplasia independent of inflammation. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2003;28:664-672.
    • (2003) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol , vol.28 , pp. 664-672
    • Reader, J.R.1    Hyde, D.M.2    Schelegle, E.S.3
  • 36
    • 0036344597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct effects of interleukin-13 on epithelial cells cause airway hyperreactivity and mucus overproduction in asthma
    • Kuperman DA, Huang X, Koth LL et al. Direct effects of interleukin-13 on epithelial cells cause airway hyperreactivity and mucus overproduction in asthma. Nat. Med. 2002;8:885-889.
    • (2002) Nat. Med , vol.8 , pp. 885-889
    • Kuperman, D.A.1    Huang, X.2    Koth, L.L.3
  • 37
    • 0030841721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased vascularity of the bronchial mucosa in mild asthma
    • Li X, Wilson JW. Increased vascularity of the bronchial mucosa in mild asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997;156:229-233.
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.156 , pp. 229-233
    • Li, X.1    Wilson, J.W.2
  • 38
    • 0347992806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased airway vascularity in newly diagnosed asthma using a high-magnification bronchovideoscope
    • Tanaka H, Yamada G, Saikai T et al. Increased airway vascularity in newly diagnosed asthma using a high-magnification bronchovideoscope. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003;168:1495-1499.
    • (2003) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.168 , pp. 1495-1499
    • Tanaka, H.1    Yamada, G.2    Saikai, T.3
  • 39
    • 0035117286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and angiogenin immunoreactivity in asthmatic airways and its relationship to angiogenesis
    • Hoshino M, Takahashi M, Aoike N. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and angiogenin immunoreactivity in asthmatic airways and its relationship to angiogenesis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2001;107:295-301.
    • (2001) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.107 , pp. 295-301
    • Hoshino, M.1    Takahashi, M.2    Aoike, N.3
  • 40
    • 0032986214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric analysis of bronchial cartilage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma
    • Haraguchi M, Shimura S, Shirato K. Morphometric analysis of bronchial cartilage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999;159:1005-1013.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 1005-1013
    • Haraguchi, M.1    Shimura, S.2    Shirato, K.3
  • 41
    • 0026538877 scopus 로고
    • Site of airway obstruction in pulmonary disease: Direct measurement of intrabronchial pressure
    • Yanai M, Sekizawa K, Ohrui T, Sasaki H, Takishima T. Site of airway obstruction in pulmonary disease: direct measurement of intrabronchial pressure. J. Appl. Physiol. 1992;72:1016-1023.
    • (1992) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.72 , pp. 1016-1023
    • Yanai, M.1    Sekizawa, K.2    Ohrui, T.3    Sasaki, H.4    Takishima, T.5
  • 42
    • 2142700884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma-More muscle cells or more muscular cells?
    • Black JL. Asthma-More muscle cells or more muscular cells? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004;169:980-981.
    • (2004) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.169 , pp. 980-981
    • Black, J.L.1
  • 43
    • 0037338024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functional consequences of structural changes in the airways: Implications for airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma
    • Wang L, McParland BE, Paré PD. The functional consequences of structural changes in the airways: Implications for airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Chest 2003; 123:S356-S362.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123
    • Wang, L.1    McParland, B.E.2    Paré, P.D.3
  • 44
    • 3543146737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameters associated with persistent airflow obstruction in chronic severe asthma
    • Bumbacea D, Campbell D, Nguyen L et al. Parameters associated with persistent airflow obstruction in chronic severe asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 2004;24:122-128.
    • (2004) Eur. Respir. J , vol.24 , pp. 122-128
    • Bumbacea, D.1    Campbell, D.2    Nguyen, L.3
  • 46
    • 0029302202 scopus 로고
    • Phenotype of cells expressing mRNA for TH2-type (interleukin 4 and interleukin 5) and TH1-type (interleukin 2 and interferon gamma) cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsies from atopic asthmatic and normal control subjects
    • Ying S, Durham SR, Corrigan CJ, Hamid Q, Kay AB. Phenotype of cells expressing mRNA for TH2-type (interleukin 4 and interleukin 5) and TH1-type (interleukin 2 and interferon gamma) cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsies from atopic asthmatic and normal control subjects. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1995; 12:477-487.
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol , vol.12 , pp. 477-487
    • Ying, S.1    Durham, S.R.2    Corrigan, C.J.3    Hamid, Q.4    Kay, A.B.5
  • 47
    • 4544239885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomedicine: Eosinophils in asthma: Remodeling a tangled tale
    • Wills-Karp M, Karp CL. Biomedicine: Eosinophils in asthma: Remodeling a tangled tale. Science 2004;305: 1726-1729.
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 1726-1729
    • Wills-Karp, M.1    Karp, C.L.2
  • 48
    • 0033747340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the IgE isotype switch: New insights on cytokine signals and the functions of epsilon germline transcripts
    • Oettgen HC. Regulation of the IgE isotype switch: new insights on cytokine signals and the functions of epsilon germline transcripts. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2000;12:618-623.
    • (2000) Curr. Opin. Immunol , vol.12 , pp. 618-623
    • Oettgen, H.C.1
  • 49
    • 0035891783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remodeling of the airway epithelium in asthma
    • Fahy JV. Remodeling of the airway epithelium in asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001;164:S46-S51.
    • (2001) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.164
    • Fahy, J.V.1
  • 50
    • 0032700856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergen-induced IL-9 directly stimulates mucin transcription in respiratory epithelial cells
    • Longphre M, Li D, Gallup M et al. Allergen-induced IL-9 directly stimulates mucin transcription in respiratory epithelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1999;104:1375-1382.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Invest , vol.104 , pp. 1375-1382
    • Longphre, M.1    Li, D.2    Gallup, M.3
  • 51
    • 27644560427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of remodeling in peripheral airways of patients with mild to moderate asthma: Effect of hydrofluoroalkane-flunisolide
    • Bergeron C, Hauber HP, Gotfried M et al. Evidence of remodeling in peripheral airways of patients with mild to moderate asthma: effect of hydrofluoroalkane-flunisolide. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2005;116:983-989.
    • (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.116 , pp. 983-989
    • Bergeron, C.1    Hauber, H.P.2    Gotfried, M.3
  • 52
    • 33750592575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial damage and angiogenesis in the airway of children with asthma
    • Barbato A, Turato G, Baraldo S et al. Epithelial damage and angiogenesis in the airway of children with asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006;174:975-981.
    • (2006) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.174 , pp. 975-981
    • Barbato, A.1    Turato, G.2    Baraldo, S.3
  • 53
    • 0037214337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early thickening of the reticular basement in children with difficult asthma
    • Payne DN, Rogers AV, Adelroth E et al. Early thickening of the reticular basement in children with difficult asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003;167:78-82.
    • (2003) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.167 , pp. 78-82
    • Payne, D.N.1    Rogers, A.V.2    Adelroth, E.3
  • 54
    • 84941944723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cokugras H, Akcakaya N Seckin, Camcioglu Y, Sarimurat N, Aksoy F. Ultrastructural examination of bronchial biopsy specimens from children with moderate asthma. Thorax 2001;56:25-29.
    • Cokugras H, Akcakaya N Seckin, Camcioglu Y, Sarimurat N, Aksoy F. Ultrastructural examination of bronchial biopsy specimens from children with moderate asthma. Thorax 2001;56:25-29.
  • 55
    • 33646488054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term inhaled corticosteroids in preschool children at high risk for asthma
    • Guilbert TW, Morgan WJ, Zeiger RS et al. Long-term inhaled corticosteroids in preschool children at high risk for asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006;354:1985-1997.
    • (2006) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.354 , pp. 1985-1997
    • Guilbert, T.W.1    Morgan, W.J.2    Zeiger, R.S.3
  • 56
    • 33747750597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of severe asthma in adults
    • Holgate ST, Polosa R. The mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of severe asthma in adults. Lancet 2006; 368:780-793.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 780-793
    • Holgate, S.T.1    Polosa, R.2
  • 59
    • 10244250341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cookson W. The immunogenetics of asthma and eczema: a new focus on the epithelium. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2004; 4:978-000.
    • Cookson W. The immunogenetics of asthma and eczema: a new focus on the epithelium. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2004; 4:978-000.
  • 60
    • 0033432660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for growth and decline of lung function in asthmatic individuals up to age 42 years: A 30-year follow-up study
    • Grol MH, Gerritsen J, Vonk JM et al. Risk factors for growth and decline of lung function in asthmatic individuals up to age 42 years: a 30-year follow-up study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999;160:1830- 1837.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.160 , pp. 1830-1837
    • Grol, M.H.1    Gerritsen, J.2    Vonk, J.M.3
  • 61
    • 0028804109 scopus 로고
    • Effect of early vs late intervention with inhaled corticosteroids in asthma
    • Selroos O, Pietinalho A, Lofroos AB, Riska H. Effect of early vs late intervention with inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Chest 1995;108:1228-1234.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.108 , pp. 1228-1234
    • Selroos, O.1    Pietinalho, A.2    Lofroos, A.B.3    Riska, H.4
  • 62
    • 0034642066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocromil in children with asthma
    • The Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group
    • The Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group. Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocromil in children with asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000;343:1054-1063.
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.343 , pp. 1054-1063
  • 63
    • 0031931978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro procollagen synthesis and proliferative phenotype of bronchial fibroblasts from normal and asthmatic subjects
    • Dube J, Chakir J, Laviolette M et al. In vitro procollagen synthesis and proliferative phenotype of bronchial fibroblasts from normal and asthmatic subjects. Lab Invest. 1998;78:297-307.
    • (1998) Lab Invest , vol.78 , pp. 297-307
    • Dube, J.1    Chakir, J.2    Laviolette, M.3
  • 64
    • 0029595274 scopus 로고
    • The effect of glucocorticoids on proliferation of human cultured airway smooth muscle
    • Stewart AG, Fernandes D, Tomlinson PR. The effect of glucocorticoids on proliferation of human cultured airway smooth muscle. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1995;116:3219-3226.
    • (1995) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.116 , pp. 3219-3226
    • Stewart, A.G.1    Fernandes, D.2    Tomlinson, P.R.3
  • 65
    • 0035376725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway smooth muscle as an immunomodulatory cell: A new target for pharmacotherapy?
    • Lazaar AL, Panettieri RA. Airway smooth muscle as an immunomodulatory cell: a new target for pharmacotherapy? Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2001;1:259-264.
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Pharmacol , vol.1 , pp. 259-264
    • Lazaar, A.L.1    Panettieri, R.A.2
  • 66
    • 0034521654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The production of extracellular matrix proteins by human passively sensitized airway smooth-muscle cells in culture: The effect of beclomethasone
    • Johnson PR, Black JL, Carlin S, Ge Q, Underwood PA. The production of extracellular matrix proteins by human passively sensitized airway smooth-muscle cells in culture: the effect of beclomethasone. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000;162:2145-2151.
    • (2000) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.162 , pp. 2145-2151
    • Johnson, P.R.1    Black, J.L.2    Carlin, S.3    Ge, Q.4    Underwood, P.A.5
  • 67
    • 0024266311 scopus 로고
    • Morphological studies of bronchial mucosal biopsies from asthmatics before and after ten years of treatment with inhaled steroids
    • Lundgren R, Soderberg M, Horstedt P, Stenling R. Morphological studies of bronchial mucosal biopsies from asthmatics before and after ten years of treatment with inhaled steroids. Eur. Respir. J. 1988;1:883-889.
    • (1988) Eur. Respir. J , vol.1 , pp. 883-889
    • Lundgren, R.1    Soderberg, M.2    Horstedt, P.3    Stenling, R.4
  • 68
    • 0030958324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of short-term treatment with low-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate on airway inflammation and remodeling in mild asthma: A placebo-controlled study
    • Olivieri D, Chetta A, Del Donno M et al. Effect of short-term treatment with low-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate on airway inflammation and remodeling in mild asthma: a placebo-controlled study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997;155:1864-1871.
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 1864-1871
    • Olivieri, D.1    Chetta, A.2    Del Donno, M.3
  • 69
    • 33749339943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of leukotrienes in airway inflammation
    • Ogawa Y, Calhoun WJ. The role of leukotrienes in airway inflammation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2006;118:789-798.
    • (2006) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.118 , pp. 789-798
    • Ogawa, Y.1    Calhoun, W.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.