Central serotonin syndrome: Part I - Causative agents, presentation, and differential diagnosis

Clinical Geriatrics

Volumn 15, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 18-25

  Hall, Ryan C W ^a   Hall, Richard C W ^b   Chapman, Marcia J ^c  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLORPROMAZINE; CITALOPRAM; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLORGYLINE; CYPROHEPTADINE; DEXTROPROPOXYPHENE; FENTANYL; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; FURAZOLIDONE; GRANISETRON; IPRONIAZID; ISOCARBOXAZID; LINEZOLID; METHADONE; NEFAZODONE; ONDANSETRON; OXYCODONE; PAROXETINE; PENTAZOCINE; PETHIDINE; PHENELZINE; RITONAVIR; SELEGILINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; TRAMADOL; TRANYLCYPROMINE; VENLAFAXINE;

AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION; CLINICAL FEATURE; DELIRIUM; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DRUG METABOLISM; HUMAN; INFECTION; LIVER TOXICITY; MENTAL HEALTH; NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEROTONIN SYNDROME; SYMPTOM;

EID: 37349028741     PISSN: 10951598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Mills KC. Serotonin syndrome. A clinical update. Crit Care Clin 1997;13(4):763-783.
2. Bijl D. The serotonin syndrome. Neth J Med 2004;62(9):309-313.
3. Isbister GK, Buckley NA. The pathophysiology of serotonin toxicity in animals and humans: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Clin Neuropharmacol 2005;28(5):205-214.
4. Gillman PK. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity. Br J Anaesth 2005;95(4):434-441. Epub 2005 Jul 28.
5. Radomski JW, Dursun SM, Reveley MA, Kutcher SP. An exploratory approach to the serotonin syndrome: An update of clinical phenomenology and revised diagnostic criteria. Med Hypotheses 2000;55(3):218-224.
6. Sternbach H. The serotonin syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148(6):705-713.
7. Montanes-Rada F, Bilbao-Garay J, de Lucas-Taracena MT, Ortiz-Ortiz ME. Venlafaxine, serotonin syndrome, and differential diagnoses. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;25(1):101-102.
8. Mackay FJ, Dunn NR, Mann RD. Antidepressants and the serotonin syndrome in general practice. Br J Gen Pract 1999;49(448):871-874.
9. Hall RCW, Hall RCW, Chapman MJ. Identifying geriatric patients at risk for suicide and depression. Clinical Geriatrics 2003;11(10):36-44.
10. Parrott AC. Recreational Ecstasy/MDMA, the serotonin syndrome, and serotonergic neurotoxicity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002;71(4):837-844.
11. Munhoz RP. Serotonin syndrome induced by a combination of bupropion and SSRIs. Clin Neuropharmacol 2004;27(5):219-222.
12. Ener RA, Meglathery SB, Van Decker WA, Gallagher RM. Serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic disorders. Pain Med 2003;4(1):63-74.
13. Morales-Molina JA, Mateu-de Antonio J, Marin-Casino M, Grau S. Linezolid-associated serotonin syndrome: What we can learn from cases reported so far. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;56(6):1176-1178. Epub 2005 Oct 13.
14. Boyer EW, Shannon M. The serotonin syndrome. N Engl J Med 2005;352(11):1112-1120. [Erratum in: N Engl J Med 2007;356(23):2437.]
15. Moritz F, Goulle JP, Girault C, et al. Toxicological analysis in agitated patients. Intensive Care Med 1999;25(8):852-854.
16. Hanekamp BB, Zijlstra JG, Tulleken JE, et al. Serotonin syndrome and rhabdomyolysis in venlafaxine poisoning: A case report. Neth J Med 2005;63(8):316-318.
17. Liau CH, Shen WW, Su KP. Venlafaxine-associated serotonin syndrome and manic episode in a geriatric depressive patient. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006;60(1):121-122.
18. Kipps CM, Fung VS, Grattan-Smith P, et al. Movement disorder emergencies. Mov Disord 2005;20(3):322-334.
19. Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Rodgers GC Jr, et al. 2004 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 2005;23(5):589-666.
20. Sola CL, Bostwick JM, Hart DA, Lineberry TW. Anticipating potential linezolid-SSRI interactions in the general hospital setting: An MAOI in disguise. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81(3):330-334.
21. Gillman PK. Understanding toxidromes: Serotonin toxicity: A commentary on Montanes-Rada et al. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;25(6):625-626.
22. Taylor JJ, Wilson JW, Estes LL. Linezolid and serotonergic drug interactions: A retrospective survey. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43(2):180-187. Epub 2006 Jun 9.
23. Bartlett D. Serotonin syndrome: A subtle toxicity. J Emerg Nurs 2006;32(3):277-279.
24. Gillman PK. Extracting value from case reports: Lessons from serotonin toxicity. Anaesthesia 2006;61(5):419-422.
25. Sato A, Okura Y, Minagawa S, et al. Life-threatening serotonin syndrome in a patient with chronic heart failure and CYP2D6*1/*5. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79(11):1444-1448.
26. Whipp MJ, Waterfield KE. Serotonin syndrome in the differential diagnosis of spinal cord compression. Palliat Med 2004;18(1):69-70.
27. Beier MT. The serotonin syndrome revisited. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2005;6(4):281.
28. De Baerdemaeker L, Audenaert K, Peremans K. Anaesthesia for patients with mood disorders. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2005;18(3):333-338.
29. Paruchuri P, Godkar D, Anandacoomarswamy D. Sheth K, Niranjan S. Rare case of serotonin syndrome with therapeutic doses of paroxetine. Am J Ther 2006;13(6):550-552.
30. Boutilier AS, Gardner DM. Reassessing the contraindication of zolmitriptan and serotonin reuptake inhibitors: An evidence-based pharmacotherapeutic case report. J Clin Pharm Ther 2003;28(1):69-72.
31. Hunter B, Kleinert MM, Osatnik J, Soria E. Serotonergic syndrome and abnormal ocular movements: Worsening of rigidity by remifentanil? Anesth Analg 2006;102(5):1589.
32. Gnanadesigan N, Espinoza RT, Smith R, et al. Interaction of serotonergic antidepressants and opioid analgesics: Is serotonin syndrome going undetected? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2005;6(4):265-269.
33. Tomaselli G, Modestin J. Repetition of serotonin syndrome after reexposure to SSRI-a case report. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004;37(5):236-238.
34. Turkel SB, Nadala JG, Wincor MZ. Possible serotonin syndrome in association with 5-HT(3) antagonist agents. Psychosomatics 2001;42(3):258-260.
35. Gillman PK. The spectrum concept of serotonin toxicity. Pain Med 2004;5(2):231-233.
36. Gillman PK. A review of serotonin toxicity data: Implications for the mechanisms of antidepressant drug action. Biol Psychiatry 2006;59(11):1046-1051. Epub 2006 Feb 7.
37. Chechani V. Serotonin syndrome presenting as hypotonic coma and apnea: Potentially fatal complications of selective serotonin receptor inhibitor therapy. Crit Care Med 2002;30(2):473-476.
38. Bhanushali MJ, Tuite PJ. The evaluation and management of patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Neurol Clin 2004;22(2):389-411.
39. Bramness JG, Morland J, Sorlid HK, et al. Carisoprodol intoxications and serotonergic features. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2005;43(1):39-45.
40. Hegerl U, Bottlender R, Gallinat J, et al. The serotonin syndrome scale: First results on validity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998;248(2):96-103.
41. Dunkley EJ, Isbister GK, Sibbritt D, et al. The Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria: Simple and accurate diagnostic decision rules for serotonin toxicity. QJM 2003;96(9):635-642.
42. DeBellis RJ, Schaefer OP, Liquori M, Volturo GA. Linezolidassociated serotonin syndrome after concomitant treatment with citalopram and mirtazepine in a critically ill bone marrow transplant recipient. J Intensive Care Med 2005;20(6):351-353.
43. Birmes P, Coppin D, Schmitt L, Lauque D. Serotonin syndrome: A brief review. CMAJ 2003;168(11):1439-1442.
44. Finfgeld DL. Serotonin syndrome and the use of SSRIs. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2004;42(2):16-20.
45. Nisijima K, Nibuya M, Sugiyama H. Abnormal CSF monoamine metabolism in serotonin syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;23(5):528-531.
46. Hall RC, Appleby B, Hall RC. Atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome presenting as fever of unknown origin in the elderly. South Med J 2005;98(1):114-117.
47. Hall RCW, Hall RCW, Chapman M. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in the elderly: Diagnostic criteria, incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment. Clinical Geriatrics 2006;14(5):39-46.
48. Garside S, Rosebush PI. Serotonin syndrome: Not a benign toxidrome. CMAJ 2003;169(6):543.