Working for less? Women's part-time wage penalties across countries

Feminist Economics

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 37-72

  Bardasi, Elena ^a   Gornick, Janet C ^b  

^a WORLD BANK   (United States)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

Female labor supply; Part time employment; Wage differentials

Indexed keywords

EID: 37249062811     PISSN: 13545701     EISSN: 14664372     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13545700701716649     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Addabbo, Tindara. 1997. "Part-Time Work in Italy," in Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Catherine Hakim, eds. Between Equalization and Marginalization: Women Working PartTime in Europe and the United States of America, pp. 113-32. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Anker, Richard. 1998. Gender and Jobs: Sex Segregation of Occupations in the World. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
3. Bardasi, Elena and Janet C. Gornick. 2000. Women and Part-Time Employment: Workers' "Choices" and Wage Penalties in Five Industrialized Countries. Working Paper #223, Luxembourg Income Study, Luxembourg.
4. _. 2003. "Women's Part-Time Employment Across Countries: Workers' 'Choices' and Wage Penalties," in Brigida Garcia, Richard Anker, and Antonella Pinnelli, eds. Women in the Labour Market in Changing Economies: Demographic Issues, pp. 209-43. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. Bassi, Laurie. 1995. "Policy Implications of Part-Time Employment." Journal of Labor Research 16(3): 315-8.
6. Belous, Richard S. 1989. The Contingent Economy: The Growth of the Temporary, Part-Time and Subcontracted Workforce. Washington, DC: National Planning Association.
7. Blackwell, Louisa. 2001. "Occupational Sex Segregation and Part-Time Work in Modern Britain." Gender, Work, and Organisation 8(2): 146-63.
8. Blinder, Alan S. 1973. "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates." Journal of Human Resources 8(3): 436-55.
9. Blossfeld, Hans-Peter and Götz Rohwer. 1997. "Part-Time Work in West-Germany," in Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Catherine Hakim, eds. Between Equalization and Marginalization: Women Working Part-Time in Europe and the United States of America, pp. 22-70. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10. Bolle, Patrick. 1997. "Part-Time Work: Solution or Trap?" International Labour Review 136(4): 557-79.
11. Brennan, Deborah. 1993. "Australia," in Moncrieff Cochran, ed. International Handbook of Child Care Policies and Programs, pp. 11-32. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
12. Burchell, Brendan, Angela Dale, and Heather Joshi. 1997. "Part-Time Work Among British Women," in Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Catherine Hakim, eds. Between Equalization and Marginalization: Women Working Part-Time in Europe and the United States of America, pp. 210-46. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13. Cohen, Bronwen. 1993. "The United Kingdom," in Moncrieff Cochran, ed. International Handbook of Child Care Policies and Programs, pp. 515-34. Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
14. Council of the European Union. 1997. "Directive 97/81/EC of 15 December 1997 Concerning the Framework Agreement on Part-time Working Concluded by UNICE, CEEP and the ETUC." Official Journal of the European CommunitiesL 14:9-14. http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c10416.htm (accessed December 2006).
15. Delsen, Lei. 1998. "When Do Men Work Part-Time?" in Jacqueline O'Reilly and Colette Fagan, eds. Part-Time Prospects: An International Comparison of Part-Time Work in Europe, North America, and the Pacific Rim, pp. 57-76. London: Routledge.
16. Drobnic, Sonja and Immo Wittig. 1997. "Part-Time Work in the United States of America," in Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Catherine Hakim, eds. Between Equalization and Marginalization: Women Working Part-Time in Europe and the United States of America, pp. 289-305. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
17. Drummond, Robert J. 1992. "Governments and Part-Time Work in Canada," in Barbara D. Warme, Katherina L. P. Lundy, and Larry A. Lundy, eds. Working Part-Time: Risks and Opportunities, pp. 61 - 74. New York: Praeger.
18. European Industrial Relations Review (EIRR), 1990. Non-Standard Forms of Employment in Europe: Part-Time Work, Fixed Term Contracts, and Temporary Work Contracts. EIRR Report 3, London.
19. Esping-Andersen, Gøsta. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
20. Eurostat. 1984. Working Time Statistics: Methods and Measurement in the European Community. Luxembourg: Eurostat, Statistical Office of the European Communities.
21. Fagan, Colette and Jacqueline O'Reilly. 1998. "Conceptualising Part-Time Work: The Value of an Integrated Comparative Perspective," in Jacqueline O'Reilly and Colette Fagan, eds. Part-Time Prospects: An International Comparison of Part-Time Work in Europe, North America, and the Pacific Rim, pp. 1-31. London: Routledge.
22. Ginn, Jay and Sara Arber. 1998. "How Does Part-Time Work Lead to Low Pension Income?" in Jacqueline O'Reilly and Colette Fagan, eds. Part-Time Prospects: An International Comparison of Part-Time Work in Europe, North America, and the Pacific Rim, pp. 156-173. London: Routledge.
23. Gornick, Janet C. 1999. "Gender Equality in the Labour Market," in Diane Sainsbury, ed. Gender and Welfare State Regimes, pp. 117-46. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
24. Gornick, Janet C. and Jerry A. Jacobs. 1996. "A Cross-National Analysis of The Wages of Part-Time Workers: Evidence from the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia." Work, Employment and Society 10(1): 1-27.
25. Gornick, Janet C. and Mareia K. Meyers. 2003. Families that Work: Policies for Reconciling Parenthood and Employment. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
26. le Grand, Carl. 1991. "Explaining the Male-Female Wage Gap: Job Segregation and Solidarity Wage Bargaining in Sweden." Acta Sociologica 34: 261-78.
27. Grant, Linda. 1991. Part-Time Work: Women Count the Costs. Working Paper 2, University of Bradford, UK.
28. Gregory, Mary and Sara Connolly. 2001. Changing Status: Women's Part-Time Work and Wages in Britain. Working Paper 64, European Low-Wage Employment Research Network (LoWER).
29. Greene, William H. 1981. "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error: Comment." Econometrica 49(3): 795-8.
30. Hakim, Catherine. 1997. "A Sociological Perspective on Part-Time Work," in Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Catherine Hakim, eds. Between Equalization and Marginalization: Women Working Part-Time in Europe and the United States of America, pp. 22-70. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31. Heckman, James J. 1979. "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error." Econometrica 47(1): 153-61.
32. Hegewisch, Ariane. 2005. Employers and European Flexible Working Rights: When the Floodgates Were Opened. Issue Brief. San Francisco: Work-Life Law.
33. Houseman, Susan and Machiko Osawa. 1998. "What is the Nature of Part-Time Work in the United States and Japan?" in Jacqueline O'Reilly and Colette Fagan, eds. Part-Time Prospects: An International Comparison of Part-Time Work in Europe, North America, and the Pacific Rim, pp. 232-51. London: Routledge.
34. Jones, F. L. and Jonathan Kelley. 1984. "Decomposing Differences Between Groups: A Cautionary Note on Measuring Discrimination." Sociological Methods & Research 12(3): 323-43.
35. Kahne, Hilda. 1985. Reconceiving Part-Time Work: New Perspectives for Older Workers and Women. New Jersey: Rowman and Allanheld Publishers.
36. King, Jerome E. 2000. "Part-Time Workers' Earnings: Some Comparisons." Compensation and Working Conditions (Summer 2000): 27-36.
37. Lee, Lung-Fei. 1982. "Some Approaches to the Correction of Selectivity Bias." Review of Economic Studies 49(3): 355-72.
38. _. 1983. "Generalized Econometric Models with Selectivity." Econometrica 51 (2): 507-12.
39. Maddala, G. S. 1983. Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
40. Maier, Frederike. 1992. The Regulation of Part-Time Work: A Comparative Study of Six EC Countries. Working paper FS I 91-9. Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Berlin.
41. Manning, Alan and Barbara Petrongolo. 2005. The Part-Time Pay Penalty. CEP Working Paper 679. Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics.
42. Mansky, Charles F. 1989. ' 'Anatomy of the Selection Problem.'' Journal of Human Resources 24(3): 343-60.
43. McColgan, Aileen. 2000. "Missing the Point? The Part-Time Workers (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2000 (SI 2000, No. 1551)." Industrial Law Journal 29(3): 260-7.
44. McGinnity, Frances and Patricia McManus. 2007. "Paying the Price for Reconciling Work and Family Life: Comparing the Wage Penalty for Women's Part-Time Work in Britain, Germany and the United States." Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 9(2): 115-234.
45. Meulders, Danièle and Robert Plasman. 1993. "Part-Time Work in the EEC Countries: Evolution During the 1980s." Labour 7(3): 49-71.
46. Oaxaca, Ronald L. 1973. "Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets." International Economic Review 14(3): 693-709.
47. Oaxaca, Ronald L. and Michael R. Ransom. 1999. "Identification in Detailed Wage Decompositions." Review of Economics and Statistics 81(1): 154-7.
48. Okamoto, Dina G. and Paula A. England. 1999. "Is There a Supply-Side to Occupational Sex Segregation?" Sociological Perspectives 42(4): 557-82.
49. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 1994. Woman and Structural Change: New Perspectives. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
50. _. 1999. Employment Outlook. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
51. _. 2006. "OECD Labour Force Statistics Database". Available online at: http://www.oecd.org (accessed December 2006).
52. Presser, Harriet B. and Wendy Baldwin. 1980. "Child Care as a Constraint on Employment: Prevalence, Correlates, and Bearing on the Work and Fertility Nexus." American Journal of Sociology 85(5): 1203-13.
53. Prowse, Victoria. 2005. How Damaging is Part-Time Employment to a Woman's Occupational Prospects? Working Paper 1648. Institute for the Study of Labour (IZA).
54. Rosenfeld, Rachel A. 1993. "Women's Part-Time Employment: Individual and Country-Level Variation." Paper presented at the 1993 meeting of RC28, International Sociological Association, Miami, FL.
55. Rubery, Jill. 1992. "Pay, Gender and the Social Dimension to Europe." British Journal of Industrial Relations 30 (4) : 605 - 22.
56. Smith, Mark, Colette Fagan, and Jill Rubery. 1998. "Where and Why is Part-Time Work Growing in Europe?" in Jacqueline O'Reilly and Colette Fagan, eds. Part-Time Prospers: An International Comparison of Part-Time Work in Europe, North America, and the Pacific Rim, pp. 35-56. London: Routledge.
57. Sundström, Marianne. 1997. "Managing Work and Children: Part-Time Work and the Family Cycle of Swedish Women," in Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Catherine Hakim, eds. Between Equalization and Marginalization: Women Working Part-Time in Europe and the United States of America, pp. 272-88. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
58. Thewlis, Michael, Linda Miller, and Fiona Theaney. 2004. Advancing Women in the Workplace: Statistical Analysis. Equal Opportunities Commission Working Paper 12, Equal Opportunities Commission, Manchester, UK.
59. Tilly, Chris. 1990. Short Hours, Short Shrift: Causes and Consequences of Part-Time Work. Washington, DC: The Economic Policy Institute.
60. Van Bastelaer, Alois, George Lemaitre, and Pascal Marianna. 1997. "The Definition of Part-Time Work for the Purpose of International Comparisons." Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Paper 22. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.