Vascular proliferations of the breast

Histopathology

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 30-44

  Brodie, C ^a   Provenzano, E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL GALWAY   (Ireland)

^b ADDENBROOKE S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Angiomatosis; Angiosarcoma; Breast; Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma; Epithelioid haemangioma; Haemangioma; Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia; Vascular lesions

Indexed keywords

ANGIOFOLLICULAR LYMPH NODE HYPERPLASIA; ANGIOLIPOMA; ANGIOSARCOMA; BLOOD VESSEL PROLIFERATION; BREAST CARCINOMA; BREAST LESION; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER SURGERY; CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA; CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA; CELL HYPERPLASIA; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; EPITHELIOID HAEMANGIOMA; HEMANGIOMA; HEMANGIOMATOSIS; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INCIDENCE; MAMMOGRAPHY; MASTECTOMY; NEEDLE BIOPSY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PERILOBULAR HAEMANGIOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PSEUDOANGIOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT INDICATION; VASCULAR LESION;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA, EPITHELIOID; HEMANGIOMA; HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA; HEMANGIOSARCOMA; HUMANS; HYPERPLASIA; NEOPLASMS, RADIATION-INDUCED;

EID: 37249045486     PISSN: 03090167     EISSN: 13652559     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02892.x     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Naccarato AG, Viacava P, Bocci G et al. Definition of the microvascular pattern of the normal human adult mammary gland. J. Anat. 2003 203 599 603.
2. Azzopardi JG. Major problems in pathology, Vol. 11. Problems in breast pathology. Philadelphia : WB Saunders, 1971 371.
3. Donnell RM, Rosen PP, Lieberman PH et al. Angiosarcoma and other vascular tumours of the breast. Pathologic analysis as a guide to prognosis. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1981 5 629 642.
4. Powell CM, Cranor ML, Rosen PP. Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH). A mammary stromal tumor with myofibroblastic differentiation. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1995 19 270 277.
5. Rosen PP. Vascular tumors of the breast. V. Nonparenchymal hemangiomas of mammary subcutaneous tissues. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1985 9 723 729.
6. Kahng HC, Chin NW, Opitz LM, Pahuja M, Goldberg SL. Cellular angiolipoma of the breast: immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. Breast J. 2002 8 47 49.
7. Yu GH, Fishman SJ, Brooks JS. Cellular angiolipoma of the breast. Mod. Pathol. 1993 6 497 499.
8. Rosen PP, Ridolfi RL. The perilobular haemangioma. A benign microscopic vascular lesion of the breast. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1977 68 21 23.
9. Lesueur GC, Brown RW, Bhathal PS. Incidence of perilobular hemangioma in the female breast. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1983 107 308 310.
10. Gembala RB, Hayward CZ, Ball DS, Radecki PD, Hartman GG. Color Doppler detection of a breast perilobular hemangioma. J. Ultrasound Med. 1993 12 220 222.
11. Siewert B, Jacobs T, Baum JK. Sonographic evaluation of subcutaneous hemangioma of the breast. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2002 178 1025 1027.
12. Jozefcyzk MA, Rosen PP. Vascular tumors of the breast: II. Perilobular hemangiomas and hemangiomas. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1985 9 491 503.
13. Rosen PP, Jozefczyk MA, Boram LH. Vascular tumors of the breast: IV. The venous hemangioma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1985 9 659 665.
14. Pettinato G, Manivel JC, Wold LE, Dehner LP. Lesions of the breast in children exclusive of typical fibroadenoma and gynecomastia. A clinicopathologic study of 113 cases. Pathol. Annu. 1989 24 296 328.
15. Nagar H, Marmor S, Hammar B. Haemangiomas of the breast in children. Eur. J. Surg. 1992 158 503 505.
16. Rhoads K, Arderiu G, Charboneau A, Hansen SL, Hoffman W, Boudreau N. A role for Hox A5 in regulating angiogenesis and vascular patterning. Lymphat. Res. Biol. 2005 3 240 252.
17. Drut RM, Drut R. Extracutaneous infantile haemangioma is also Glut1 positive. J. Clin. Pathol. 2004 57 1197 1200.
18. Leon-Villapalos J, Wolfe K, Kangesu L. GLUT-1: an extra diagnostic tool to differentiate between haemangiomas and vascular malformations. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 2005 58 348 352.
19. Miaux Y, Lemarchand-Venencie F, Cyna-Gorse F et al. MR imaging of breast hemangioma in female infants. Pediatr. Radiol. 1992 22 463 464.
20. Furst CJ, Lundell M, Ahlback SO, Holm LE. Breast hypoplasia following irradiation of the female breast in infancy and early childhood. Acta Oncol. 1989 28 519 523.
21. Kinoshita S, Kyoda S, Tsuboi K et al. Huge cavernous hemangioma arising in a male breast. Breast Cancer 2005 12 231 233.
22. Franco RL, de Moraes Schenka NG, Schenka AA, Alvarenga M. Cavernous hemangioma of the male breast. Breast J. 2005 11 511 512.
23. Kondi-Pafitis A, Kairi-Vassilatou E, Grapsa D, Kalkounou I, Vassilikostas G, Psichogios I. A large benign vascular neoplasm of the male breast. A case report and review of the literature. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2005 26 454 456.
24. Shousha S, Theodorou NA, Bull TB. Cavernous haemangioma of breast in a man with contralateral gynaecomastia and a family history of breast carcinoma. Histopathology 1988 13 221 223.
25. Shi AA, Georgian-Smith D, Cornell LD et al. Radiological reasoning: male breast mass with calcifications. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005 185 S205 S210.
26. Flis C, Michell M, Akbar N. An unusual case of an enlarging mass on a screening mammogram: a case report and review of the radiology and current literature. Breast 2003 12 220 222.
27. Mariscal A, Casas JD, Balliu E, Castella E. Breast hemangioma mimicking carcinoma. Breast 2002 11 357 358.
28. Gopal SV, Naya P, Dharanipragada K, Krishnamachari S. Breast hemangioma simulating an inflammatory carcinoma. Breast J. 2005 11 498 499.
29. Hoda SA, Cranor ML, Rosen PP. Hemangiomas of the breast with atypical histological features. Further analysis of histological subtypes confirming their benign character. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1992 16 553 560.
30. Calonje E, Fletcher CDM. Sinusoidal hemangioma. A distinctive benign vascular neoplasm within the group of cavernous hemangiomas. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1991 15 1130 1135.
31. Shin SJ, Lesser M, Rosen PP. Hemangiomas and angiosarcomas of the breast. Diagnostic utility of cell cycle markers with emphasis on Ki-67. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2007 131 538 544.
32. Rao VK, Weiss SW. Angiomatosis of soft tissue. An analysis of histologic features and clinical outcome in 51 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1992 16 764 771.
33. Rosen PP. Vascular tumours of the breast: III. Angiomatosis. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1985 9 652 658.
34. Kinkor Z, Hes O, Skalova A, Kreuzberg B, Neprasova I. Massive breast angiomatosis with dramatic course leading to acute total mastectomy - a case report. Ceska Gynekol. 2006 71 344 347.
35. Morrow M, Berger D, Thelmo W. Diffuse cystic angiomatosis of the breast. Cancer 1988 62 2392 2396.
36. Shirley SE, Duncan ND, Escoffery CT, West AB. Angiomatosis of the breast in a male child. A case report with immunohistochemical analysis. West Indian Med. J. 2002 51 254 256.
37. Yang H, Ahmed I, Mathew V, Schroeter AL. Diffuse dermal angiomatosis of the breast. Arch. Dermatol. 2006 142 343 347.
38. Branton PA, Lininger R, Tavassoli FA. Papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the breast: the great imposter for angiosarcoma. Int. J. Surg. Pathol. 2003 11 83 87.
39. Chan JKC, Hui PK, Ng CS, Yuen NWF, Kung ITM, Gwi E. Epithelioid haemangioma (angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia) and Kimura's disease in Chinese. Histopathology 1989 15 557 574.
40. Nair M, Aron M, Sharma MC. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (epithelioid haemangioma) of the breast: report of a case. Surg. Today 2000 30 747 749.
41. Arias-Stella J, Rosen PP. Hemangiopericytoma of the breast. Mod. Pathol. 1988 1 98 103.
42. Jimenez-Ayala M, Diez-Nau MD, Larrad A et al. Hemangiopericytoma in a male breast. Report of a case with cytologic, histologic and immunochemical studies. Acta Cytol. 1991 35 234 238.
43. Insabato L, Di Vizio D, Terracciano LM, Pettinato G. Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the breast. Breast 1999 8 295 297.
44. De Wilton Marsh R, Walker MH, Jacob G, Liu C. Breast implants as a possible etiology of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and successful therapy with interferon-α2. Breast J. 2005 11 257 261.
45. Mentzel T, Beham A, Calonje E, Katenkamp D, Fletcher CDM. Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of skin and soft tissues: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 30 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1997 21 363 374.
46. Miettinen M, Fetsch JF. Distribution of keratins in normal endothelial cells and a spectrum of vascular spectrum of vascular tumours: implications in tumour diagnosis. Hum. Pathol. 2000 31 1062 1067.
47. Carter MR, Hornick JL, Lester S, Fletcher CD. Spindle cell (sarcomatoid) carcinoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 29 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2006 30 300 309.
48. Cozen W, Bernstein L, Wang F, Press MF, Mack TM. The risk of angiosarcoma following primary breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer 1999 81 532 536.
49. Macias-Martinez V, Murrieta-Tiburcio L, Molina-Cardenas H, Dominguez-Malagon H. Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the breast. Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of a case. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1997 21 599 604.
50. Myerowitz RL, Pietruszka M, Barnes EL. Primary angiosarcoma of the breast. JAMA 1978 239 403.
51. Chen KT, Kirkegaard DD, Bocian JJ. Angiosarcoma of the breast. Cancer 1980 46 368 371.
52. Rosen PP, Kimmel M, Ernsberger D. Mammary angiosarcoma. The prognostic significance of tumor differentiation. Cancer 1988 62 2145 2151.
53. Rosen PP. Rosen's breast pathology, 2nd edn. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2001.
54. Hunter TB, Martin PC, Dietzen CD, Tyler LT. Angiosarcoma of the breast. Two case reports and a review of the literature. Cancer 1985 56 2099 2106.
55. Steingaszner LC, Enzinger FM, Taylor HB. Hemangiosarcoma of the breast. Cancer 1965 18 352 361.
56. Ryan JF, Kealy WF. Concomitant angiosarcoma and carcinoma of the breast: a case report. Histopathology 1985 9 893 899.
57. Grant EG, Holt RW, Chun B, Richardson JD, Orson LW, Cigtay OS. Angiosarcoma of the breast: sonographic, xeromammographic, and pathologic appearance. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1983 141 691 692.
58. Schnarkowski P, Kessler M, Arnholdt H, Helmberger T. Angiosarcoma of the breast: mammographic, sonographic, and pathological findings. Eur. J. Radiol. 1997 24 54 56.
59. Liberman L, Dershaw DD, Kaufman RJ, Rosen PP. Angiosarcoma of the breast. Radiology 1992 183 649 654.
60. Yang WT, Hennessy BT, Dryden MJ, Valero V, Hunt KK, Krishnamurthy S. Mammary angiosarcomas: imaging findings in 24 patients. Radiology 2007 242 725 734.
61. Marchant LK, Orel SG, Perez-Jaffe LA, Reynolds C, Schnall MD. Bilateral angiosarcoma of the breast on MR imaging. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1997 169 1009 1010.
62. Kikawa Y, Konishi Y, Nakamoto Y et al. Angiosarcoma of the breast - specific findings of MRI. Breast Cancer 2006 13 369 373.
63. Merino MJ, Carter D, Berman M. Angiosarcoma of the breast. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1983 7 53 60.
64. Sher T, Hennessy BT, Valero V et al. Primary angiosarcomas of the breast. Cancer 2007 110 173 178.
65. Weiss SWG Jr. Enzinger and Weiss's soft tissue tumours. St Louis : Mosby, 2001.
66. Dunne B, Lee AH, Pinder SE, Bell JA, Ellis IO. An immunohistochemical study of metaplastic spindle cell carcinoma, phyllodes tumor and fibromatosis of the breast. Hum. Pathol. 2003 34 1009 1015.
67. Moore T, Lee AH. Expression of CD34 and bcl-2 in phyllodes tumours, fibroadenomas and spindle cell lesions of the breast. Histopathology 2001 38 62 67.
68. Al-Abbadi MA, Almasri NM, Al-Quran S, Wilkinson EJ. Cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen expression in angiosarcomas: an immunohistochemical study of 33 cases. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2007 131 288 292.
69. Meis-Kindblom JM, Kindblom LG. Angiosarcoma of soft tissue: a study of 80 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1998 22 683 697.
70. Bundred NJ, O'Reilly K, Smart JG. Long term survival following bilateral breast angiosarcoma. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 1989 15 263 264.
71. Vorburger SA, Xing Y, Hunt KK et al. Angiosarcoma of the breast. Cancer 2005 104 2682 2688.
72. Arbiser JL, Larsson H, Claesson-Welsh L et al. Overexpression of VEGF 121 in immortalized endothelial cells causes conversion to slowly growing angiosarcoma and high level expression of the VEGF receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in vivo. Am. J. Pathol. 2000 156 1469 1476.
73. Stewart FW, Treves N. Classics in oncology: lymphangiosarcoma in postmastectomy lymphedema: a report of six cases in elephantiasis chirurgica. CA Cancer J. Clin. 1981 31 284 299.
74. Janse AJ, van Coevorden F, Peterse H, Keus RB, van Dongen JA. Lymphedema-induced lymphangiosarcoma. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 1995 21 155 158.
75. Kaufmann T, Chu F, Kaufman R. Post-mastectomy lymphangiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves syndrome): report of two long-term survivals. Br. J. Radiol. 1991 64 857 860.
76. West JG, Qureshi A, West JE et al. Risk of angiosarcoma following breast conservation: a clinical alert. Breast J. 2005 11 115 123.
77. Huang J, Mackillop WJ. Increased risk of soft tissue sarcoma after radiotherapy in women with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2001 92 172 180.
78. Yap J, Chuba PJ, Thomas R et al. Sarcoma as a second malignancy after treatment for breast cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2002 52 1231 1237.
79. Karlsson P, Holmberg E, Samuelsson A, Johansson KA, Wallgren A. Soft tissue sarcoma after treatment for breast cancer - a Swedish population-based study. Eur. J. Cancer 1998 34 2068 2075.
80. Marchal C, Weber B, de Lafontan B et al. Nine breast angiosarcomas after conservative treatment for breast carcinoma: a survey from French comprehensive Cancer Centers. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1999 44 113 119.
81. Strobbe LJ, Peterse HL, van Tinteren H, Wijnmaalen A, Rutgers EJ. Angiosarcoma of the breast after conservation therapy for invasive cancer, the incidence and outcome. An unforseen sequela. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 1998 47 101 109.
82. Billings SD, McKenney JK, Folpe AL, Hardacre MC, Weiss SW. Cutaneous angiosarcoma following breast-conserving surgery and radiation: an analysis of 27 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2004 28 781 788.
83. Brenn T, Fletcher CD. Radiation-associated cutaneous atypical vascular lesions and angiosarcoma: clinicopathologic analysis of 42 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2005 29 983 996.
84. Cafiero F, Gipponi M, Peressini A et al. Radiation-associated angiosarcoma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications - two case reports and a review of the literature. Cancer 1996 77 2496 2502.
85. de Bree E, van Coevorden F, Peterse JL, Russell NS, Rutgers EJ. Bilateral angiosarcoma of the breast after conservative treatment of bilateral invasive carcinoma: genetic predisposition? Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002 28 392 395.
86. Monroe AT, Feigenberg SJ, Mendenhall NP. Angiosarcoma after breast-conserving therapy. Cancer 2003 97 1832 1840.
87. Benda JA, Al-Jurf AS, Benson AB III. Angiosarcoma of the breast following segmental mastectomy complicated by lymphedema. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1987 87 651 655.
88. Perin T, Massarut S, Roncadin M, Canzonieri V. Radiation-associated angiosarcoma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications - two case reports and a review of the literature. Cancer 1997 80 519 521.
89. Fodor J, Orosz Z, Szabo E et al. Angiosarcoma after conservation treatment for breast carcinoma: our experience and a review of the literature. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2006 54 499 504.
90. Fineberg S, Rosen PP. Cutaneous angiosarcoma and atypical vascular lesions of the skin and breast after radiation therapy for breast carcinoma. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1994 102 757 763.
91. Feigenberg SJ, Mendenhall NP, Reith JD, Ward JR, Copeland EM III. Angiosarcoma after breast-conserving therapy: experience with hyperfractionated radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2002 52 620 626.
92. Weedon D. Skin pathology, 2nd edn. Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone, 2002.
93. Brenn T, Fletcher CD. Postradiation vascular proliferations: an increasing problem. Histopathology 2006 48 106 114.
94. Requena L, Kutzner H, Mentzel T, Duran R, Rodriguez-Peralto JL. Benign vascular proliferations in irradiated skin. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2002 26 328 337.
95. Diaz-Cascajo C, Borghi S, Weyers W, Retzlaff H, Requena L, Metze D. Benign lymphangiomatous papules of the skin following radiotherapy: a report of five new cases and review of the literature. Histopathology 1999 35 319 327.
96. Gengler C, Coindre JM, Leroux A et al. Vascular proliferations of the skin after radiation therapy for breast cancer: clinicopathologic analysis of a series in favor of a benign process: a study from the French Sarcoma Group. Cancer 2007 109 1584 1598.
97. Mattoch IW, Robbins JB, Kempson RL, Kohler S. Post-radiotherapy vascular proliferations in mammary skin: a clinicopathologic study of 11 cases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2007 57 126 133.