Social networks in high-technology local economies: The cases of Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire

European Urban and Regional Studies

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 21-37

  Waters, Rupert ^a   Smith, Helen Lawton ^b  

^a ECOTEC Research and Consulting Ltd   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cambridge; Clusters; High technology; Oxford; Social networks

Indexed keywords

AGGLOMERATION; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; INNOVATION; LABOR MARKET; LABOR SUPPLY; NETWORKING; SOCIAL CAPITAL; SOCIAL NETWORK; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER;

CALIFORNIA; CAMBRIDGESHIRE; ENGLAND; EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTH AMERICA; OXFORDSHIRE; SILICON VALLEY; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 37249038097     PISSN: 09697764     EISSN: 14617145     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0969776407081278     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Adler, P.S. and Kwon, S.W. (2002) 'Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept', Academy of Management Review 27(1): 17-40.
2. Almeida, P. and Kogut, B. (1999) 'Localisation of Knowledge and the Mobility of Engineers in Regional Networks', Management Science 45(7): 905.
3. Angel, D.P. (1991) 'High-technology Agglomeration and the Labor Market: the Case of Silicon Valley', Environment and Planning A 23: 1501-16.
4. Antonelli, C. (2003) 'Knowledge Complementarity and Fungeability: Implications for Regional Strategy', Regional Studies 37(6/7): 595-608.
5. Belanger, J. (2003) 'From Human Capital to Organisational Learning'. Available at: [www.110.hrdcdrhc.gc.ca/psait_spila/ntipt_ndlp/chao_hcol/ index-en.html].
6. Belt, B., Hentley, J., Charles, D., Jones, I. and Audas, R. (2000) 'North East Graduate Labour Markets 1999-2000', Centre for Urban and Regional Development Studies (CURDS), University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
7. Benner, C. (2003) 'Learning Communities in a Learning Region: The Soft Infrastructure of Cross-firm Learning Networks in Silicon Valley', Environment and Planning A 35: 1809-30.
8. Besser, T.L., Miller, N. and Perkins, R. (2006) 'For the Greater Good: Business Networks and Business Social Responsibility to Communities', Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 18: 321-39.
9. Brown, J.S. and Duguid, P. (2000) The Social Life of Information. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
10. Burt, R.S. (1992) Structural Holes: The Social Structures of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
11. Calvo-Armengol, A. and Jackson, M. (2007) 'Networks in Labour Markets: Wages and Employment Dynamics and Inequality', Journal of Economic Theory 132: 27-46.
12. Camagni, R. (1991) 'Local Milieu, Uncertainty and Innovation Networks: Towards a New Dynamic Theory of Eeconomic Space', in R.R. Camagni (ed.) Innovation Networks, Spatial Perspectives, pp. 121-44. London: Belhaven-Pinter.
13. Carnoy, M., Castells, M. and Benner, C. (1997) 'Labour Market and Employment Practices in the Age of Flexibility: A Case Study of Silicon Valley', International Labour Review 136(1): 27-48.
14. Castells, M. (1996) The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Volume 1. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell.
15. Coleman, J. (1988) 'Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital', American Journal of Sociology 94: 95-120.
16. Crevoisier, O. and Maillat, D. (1991) 'Milieu, Industrial Organisation and Territorial Production System: Towards a New Theory of Spatial Development', in R. Camagni (ed.) Innovation Networks: Spatial Perspectives. London: Belhaven Press.
17. De Backere, K. and Rappa, M. (1994) 'Technological Communities and the Diffusion of Knowledge: A Replication and Validation', R&D Management 24(4): 355-71.
18. de Solla Price, D.J. (1969) 'Measuring the Size of Science', Proceedings of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 6: 98-123.
19. Eradin, A. and Armatli-Koroglu, B. (2005) 'Innovation, Networking and New Industrial Clusters: The Characteristics of Networks and Local Innovation Capabilities in the Turkish Industrial Clusters', Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 17: 237-66.
20. Florida, R.R. (2002) 'The Economic Geography of Talent', Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92(4): 743-55.
21. Franzen, A. and Hangartner, A. (2006) 'Social Networks and Labour Market Outcomes: The Non-monetary Benefits of Social Capital', European Sociological Review 22(4): 353-68.
22. Glaeser, E., Laibson, D. and Sacerdote, B. (2002) 'An Economic Approach to Social Capital', The Economic Journal 112: 437-58.
23. Grabher, G. (1993) The Embedded Firm: The Socioeconomics of Industrial Networks. London: Routledge.
24. Granovetter, M. (1973) 'The Strength of Weak Ties', American Journal of Sociology 78: 1360-80.
25. Granovetter, M. (1983) 'The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited', Sociological Theory 1: 201-33.
26. Granovetter, M. (1992) 'Problems of Explanation in Economic Sociology', in N. Noriah and R. Eccles (eds) Networks and Organisations: Structure, Form and Action, pp. 25-56. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
27. Granovetter, M. (1995) Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers, 2nd edn. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
28. Gray, M., Martin, R. and Tyler, P. (2006) 'The East of England: A Nebulous Region in Transition', in I. Hardhill, M. Baker, P. Benneworth and L. Budd (eds) The Rise of the English Regions?, Regional Studies Development and Public Policy Series. London: Routledge.
29. Henry, N. and Pinch, P. (2000) '(The) Industrial Agglomeration (of Motor Sport Valley): A Knowledge, Space, Economy Approach', in J. Bryson, P. Daniels, N. Henry and J. Pollard (eds) Knowledge Space Economy. London: Routledge.
30. HM Treasury (2003) 'Lambert Review of Business-University Collaboration: Final Report'. London: HM Treasury. Available at: [www.lambertreview.org.uk].
31. Iyer, S., Kitson, M. and Toh, B. (2005) 'Social Capital, Economic Growth and Regional Development ' Regional Studies 39(8): 1015-40.
32. Keeble, D. (1976) Industrial Location and Planning in the United Kingdom. London: Methuen.
33. Keeble, D. (1989) 'Entrepreneurship, High-technology Industry and Regional Development in the United Kingdom: The Case of the Cambridge Phenomenon', Environment and Planning C 7: 153-72.
34. Keeble, D. and Wilkinson, F. (2000) 'High Technology SMEs, Regional Clustering and Collective Learning: An Overview', in D. Keeble and F. Wilkinson (eds) High-technology Clusters, Networking and Collective Learning in Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.
35. Keeble, D., Lawson, C., Lawton Smith, H., Moore, B. and Wilkinson, F. (1998) Collective Learning Processes and Inter-firm Networking in Innovative High Technology Regions, ESRC Centre for Business Research Working Paper No. 86, Cambridge.
36. Keeble, D., Lawson, C., Moore, B. and Wilkinson, F. (1999) 'Collective Learning Processes, Networking and "Institutional Thickness" in the Cambridge Region', Regional Studies 33: 4319-32.
37. Lam, A. (2000) 'Tacit Knowledge, Organizational Learning and Societal Institutions: An Integrated Framework', Organization Studies 21(3): 487-513.
38. Lawton Smith, H. and Waters, R.R. (2005) 'Rates of Turnover in High-technology Agglomerations: Knowledge Transfer in Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire' Area 37(2): 189-98.
39. Lawton Smith, H., Glasson, J., Simmie, J., Chadwick, A. and Clark, G. (2003) Enterprising Oxford: The Growth of the Oxfordshire High-tech Economy. Oxford: Oxfordshire Economic Observatory.
40. Lawton Smith, H., Glasson, J. and Chadwick, A. (2007) Enterprise and Innovation: The Oxfordshire Model. Oxford: Oxfordshire Economic Observatory.
41. Lever, W.F. (2002) 'Correlating the Knowledge-base of Cities with Economic Growth', Urban Studies 39(5-6): 859-70.
42. Malecki, E.J. and Bradbury, S.L. (1992) 'R&D Facilities and Professional Labour: Labour Force Dynamics in High Technology', Regional Studies 26(2): 123-36.
43. Massey, D. (1995) Spatial Division of Labour. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
44. Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S. (1998): 'Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage', Academy of Management Review 23(2): 242-66.
45. Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995) The Knowledge-creating Company. New York: Oxford University Press.
46. Olson, M. (1965) The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
47. Owen-Smith, P. and Powell, W.W. (2004) 'Knowledge Networks as Channels and Conduits: The Effects of Spillovers in the Boston Biotechnology Community', Organisation Science 15: 5-21.
48. Peck, J. (1996) Work-place: The Social Regulation of Labor Markets. New York: Guildford.
49. Pittaway, L., Robertson, M., Munir, K., Denyer, D. and Neely, A. (2004) 'Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence', International Journal of Management Reviews 5/6(3/4): 137-68.
50. Powell, W.W. and Smith-Doerr, L. (1994) 'Networks and Economic Life', in N.J. Smelser and R. Swedberg (eds) Handbook of Economic Sociology, pp. 363-402. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
51. Putnam, R.R. (1995) 'Tuning in and Tuning out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital America', Political Science and Politics December: 664-83.
52. Putnam, R.R. (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Shuster.
53. Sainsbury Report (1999) 'Biotechnology Clusters: Report of a Team Led by Lord Sainsbury, Minister for Science'. London: Department of Trade and Industry.
54. Saxenian, A. (1994) Regional Advantage. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
55. Scott, A. and Storper, M. (1987) 'High Technology Industry and Regional Development: A Theoretical Critique and Reconstruction', International Science Journal 112: 215-32.
56. Segal Quince Wicksteed (2000) The Cambridge Phenomenon Revisited Part Two. Cambridge: SQW.
57. Simmie, J. (2003) 'Innovation and Urban Regions as National and International Nodes for the Transfer and Sharing of Knowledge', Regional Studies 37(6/7): 607-20.
58. Song, J., Almeida, P. and Wu, G. (2003) 'Learning by Hiring: When is Mobility More Likely to Facilitate Inter-firm Knowledge Transfer?', Management Science 49(4): 351-65.
59. Storper, M. and Scott, A.J. (1990) 'Work Organisation and Local Labour Markets in an Era of Flexible Production', International Labour Review 129: 573-91.
60. Szulanski, G. (1996) 'Exploring Internal Stickiness: Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice within the Firm', Strategic Management Journal 17: 27-43.
61. Trends Business Research (2001) Business Clusters in the UK - a First Assessment. Newcastle: Trends Business Research.
62. Waters, R. and Lawton Smith, H. (2002) 'RDAs and Local Economic Development: Scale and Competitiveness in Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire', European Planning Studies 10(5): 633-49.