E-informality in Venezuela: The 'other path' of technology

Bulletin of Latin American Research

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 102-118

  Lugo, Jairo ^a   Sampson, Tony ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EAST LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Economy; Ethnography; Formal; ICT; Informal; Venezuela

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY; INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY; NEOLIBERALISM; OWNERSHIP; SOCIOECONOMIC SURVEY;

SOUTH AMERICA; VENEZUELA;

EID: 37249020408     PISSN: 02613050     EISSN: 14709856     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1470-9856.2007.00259.x     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Barreiro, R 2005) '21 millones de personas pertenecen a las clases D y E 81% de población es pobre. La clase media baja sigue sumando venezolanos a sus filas'. El Universal WWW document]. URL http://www.venamcham.org/espanol/ sala_venamcham_medios_abril04.htm accessed 7 September 2007 2004) 'La clase media sale del paraíso'. Revista venezolana de economía y ciencias sociales 2 (10 155 161.
2. Bindé, J 2005) UNESCO World Report. Towards Knowledge Societies. UNESCO : Paris.
3. Castells, M 1989) The Informational City. Blackwell : London.
4. Coase, R 1960) 'The Problem of Social Cost'. Journal of Law and Economics 3 (1 l 44.
5. CONATEL (2004) Reporte anual. CONATEL : Caracas.
6. CONATEL (2007) Estadisticas del sector telecomunicaciones al cierre del 2007 WWW document]. URL http://www.conatel.gob.ve/indicadores/Indicadores2007/ Presentación%20Estadísticas%20del%20Sector%20II%20trim%202007.pdf accessed 8 September 2007 2001) 'Citadels of Dead Capital: What the Third World Must Learn from U.S. History'. Reasononline WWW document]. URL http://reason.com/0105/may.shtml accessed 5 March 2005 and Ghibellini, M 1986) El otro sendero. El Barranco. Instituto Libertad y Democracia : Peru.
7. Donner, J 2004) 'Microentrepreneurs and Mobiles: An Exploration of the Uses of Mobile Phones by Small Business Owners in Rwanda'. Information Technologies and International Development 2 (1 1 21.
8. Drucker, P 1993) Post-Capitalist Society. Butterworth-Heinemann : Oxford.
9. Fine, B 1999) 'The Development State Is - Dead Long Live Social Capital'. Development and Change 1 (30 1 19.
10. Florida, R 2002) The Rise of the Creative Class. Basic Books : London.
11. Freije, S 2005) Informal Employment in Latin America and the Caribbean: Causes, Consequences and Policy Recommendations. Inter-American Development Bank : Washington, DC.
12. Gershuny, J 1977) 'Post-Industrial Society: The Myth of the Service Economy'. Futures 10 (2 103 114.
13. Gershuny, J 1979) 'The Informal Economy: Its Role in Post-Industrial Society'. Futures 11 (1 3 15.
14. Ghersi, E 1997) 'La economía informal en América Latina'. Cato Journal 17 (1 99 108.
15. Gunaratne, S 1994) 'U.S. and U.K. Re-entry into UNESCO: A Reportorial Description and a Theoretical Analysis'. Jurnal Komunikasi 10 (2 99 122.
16. INE (2005) Anuario estadistico. Instituto Nacional de Estadística : Caracas.
17. INE (2007) Tasa de desempleo bajó a 8, 3% en junio. Se mantiene incremento del empleo. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) WWW document]. URL http://www.ine.gob.ve/textospromocionales/fzatrabajojunio07.htm accessed 4 September 2007 2000) Developing Poverty: The State, Labor Market Deregulation, and the Informal Economy in Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic. Pennsylvania State University Press : Pennsylvania.
18. Maloney, W. F 2004) 'Informality Revisited'. World Development 32 (7 1159 1178.
19. Mariussen, A., Wheelock, J. and Bains, S 1997) 'The Family Business Tradition in Britain and Norway: Modernisation or Reinvention?'. International Studies of management and Organisation 27 (3 64 86.
20. Mochache, J. M 1997) 'Informal Sector Technologies: An Approach to Sustainable Development in Kenya'. Science, Technology & Development 15 (2-3 134 154.
21. North, D. C 1990) Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press : New York.
22. Polanyi, K., Arensberg, C. M. and Pearson, H. W. (eds 1957) Trade and Market in the Early Empires. The Free Press : Glencoe.
23. Portes, A., Castells, M. and Benton, L. A 1998) The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Countries. The Johns Hopkins University Press : Baltimore.
24. Quijano, A 1998) La economía popular y sus caminos en América Latina. Mosca Azul-CEIS : Lima.
25. Rincón, A. and Portillo, R 1992) Economía informal en Maracaibo. Universidad del Zulia/FACES : Maracaibo.
26. Rosales, L 2003) Resena sobre la economia informal y su organisazion en America Latia. El Global Labour Institute WWW document]. URL http://www.global-labour.org/la_economia_informal.htm (accessed 10 March 2006).
27. Saade, Joseph (2005) Perfil sociodemográfico del Venezolano 2004. Datos : Caracas.
28. Sampson, T. and Lugo, J 2003) 'The Discourse of Convergence. A Neo-Liberal Trojan Horse', in G. F. Lowe and T. Hujanen (eds Broadcasting & Convergence: New Articulations of the Public Service Remit. NORDICOM : Sweden, 83 92.
29. Sardo, L 1987) 'Customs Service Regulations Permitting the Entry of Grey-Market Goods - Are they Valid'. George Washington Review 55 (4 1115 1124.
30. Shadlen, K. C., Schrank, A. and Kurtz, M. J 2005) 'The Political Economy of Intellectual Property Protection: The Case of Software'. International Studies Quarterly 49 (1 45 71.
31. Tanzi, V 1982) The Underground Economy in the United States and Abroad. Lexington Books : Lexington.
32. Tokman, V 1992) Beyond Regulation: The Informal Economy in Latin America. Lynne Rienner : London.
33. Tokman, V 1996) Regulation and the Informal Economy: Microenterprises in Chile, Ecuador, and Jamaica. Lynne Rienner : London.
34. UAEI (2004) Desenmascarando la economía informal WWW document]. URL http://www.cedice.org.ve/detalle.asp?Seccion=Econom%EDa+Informal&ID=445 accessed March 10 2006 ].