New light on the origins of open-field farming?

Medieval Archaeology

Volumn 49, Issue , 2005, Pages 165-194

  Oosthuizen, Susan ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 37149024798     PISSN: 00766097     EISSN: 1745817X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/007660905x54071     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. B. K. Roberts and S. Wrathmell, An Atlas of Rural Settlement in England (Swindon, 2000), 2.
2. C. C. Taylor, Fields in the English Landscape (Stroud, 2000), 47-70.
3. See, for example, T. Williamson, 'The development of settlement in North West Essex: the results of a recent field survey', Essex Archaeol. Hist., 17 (1986), 120-32.
4. B. K. Roberts, The Making of the English Village (London, 1989), 49-51.
5. S. Rippon, 'Infield and outfield: the early stages of marshland colonisation and the evolution of medieval field systems', 54-70 in T. Land and J. Coles (eds.), Through Wet and Dry (Sleaford, 2002).
6. D. Hall, Medieval Fields (Princes Risborough, 1982), 48-9;
7. idem, 'Late Saxon topography and early medieval estates', 61-70 in D. Hooke (ed.) Medieval Villages, (Oxford, 1985) 64;
8. idem, The Open Fields of Northamptonshire (Northampton, 1980), 131-5;
9. Harvey, 'Regular field and tenurial arrangements in Holderness, Yorkshire', Hist. Geog., 6, (1980), 3-16;
10. idem, 'Planned field systems in Eastern Yorkshire: some thoughts on their origin', Agricultural Hist. Rev., 31, (1983), 91-103;
11. idem, 'The development of open fields in the central Vale of York: a reconsideration', Geografiska Annaler, 67B (1985), 35-44.
12. D. Hall, 'Field work and field books: studies in early layout', 115-32 in B. K. Roberts and R. Glasscock (eds.), Villages, Fields and Frontiers (London, 1983), 119.
13. M. R. Postgate, The Open Fields of Cambridgeshire (unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, 1964).
14. D. Browne (ed.), Victoria County History of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely, 7 (London, 1977), 45;
15. Wessex Archaeology, Cambridgeshire: Archaeological Evaluation of Land Along the Proposed New Route of the A428, Associated Landscaping and GC29-30 (Cambourne New Settlement, Report 45976.06, Salisbury, March 2001), 9.
16. Wessex Archaeology, Cambridgeshire: Archaeological Evaluation School Lane, Lower Cambourne (Cambourne New Settlement, Report 45977-1, Salisbury, July 2000), 11.
17. S. Oosthuizen, 'The origins of Cambridgeshire', Antiq. J., 78 (1998), 85-109.
18. P. Stafford, The East Midlands in the Early Middle Ages (Leicester, 1985), 91.
19. See also C. Scull, 'Social Archaeology and Anglo-Saxon Kingdom Origins', Anglo-Saxon St. in Archaeol. and Hist., 10 (1999), 17-24.
20. H. Hamerow, 'Anglo-Saxon Oxfordshire, 400-700', Oxoniensa, 64 (1999), 23-35, at p. 24.
21. P. H. Reaney, Place-Names of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely (Cambridge, 1943), 75-6;
22. Gelling, The West Midlands in the Early Middle Ages (Leicester, 1992), 82;
23. C. Taylor, The Cambridgeshire Landscape (London, 1973), 51;
24. See also H. Geake, 'Invisible Kingdoms: The Use of Grave-Goods in Seventh-Century England', Anglo-Saxon St. in Archaeol. and Hist., 10 (1999), 203-15.
25. S. Bassett, 'In search of the origins of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms', 3-27 in S. Bassett (ed.), The Origins of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms (Leicester, 1989), esp. 6-17.
26. D. Haigh, A Correlation Between Archaeological Sites and Field Names: A Survey of Parishes Along the Line of the North and West By-Passes of Cambridge: An Interim Report (unpubl. MS, held in the Cambridgeshire Collection, Cambridge Central Library, 1975).
27. Domesday Book: Cambridgeshire, ed. A. Rumble (Chichester, 1981), 1:7.
28. D. Hooke, 'Territorial organisation in the Anglo-Saxon West Midlands: central places, central areas', 79-93 in E. Grant (ed.), Central Places, Archaeology and History (Sheffield, 1986), 81;
29. P. Stafford, 'The "farm of one night" and the organisation of King Edward's estates in Domesday', Econ. Hist. Rev., 2nd ser. 33 (1980), 491-502, at p. 497.
30. Rumble, op. cit. in note 24, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8; S. Oosthuizen, 'Sokemen and freemen: tenure, status and landscape conservatism in 11th-century Cambridgeshire', in S. Keynes and A. Smyth (eds.), Festschrift for C.R. Hart (Oxford, forthcoming).
31. C. Dyer, 'Lords, peasants and the development of the manor: England, 900-1280', 301-15 in A. Haverkamp and H. Vollrath (cds.), England and Germany in the High Middle Ages (London, 1996), 303.
32. This work is reported in detail in S. Oosthuizen, 'Field-names in reconstructing Late Saxon agricultural land-use in the Bourn Valley, West Cambridgeshire', in A. Chadwick (ed.), The Archaeology of Land Allotment (Oxford, forthcoming).
33. R. Elringham (ed.), Victoria County History of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely, 5 (London, 1973), 29.
34. O. Rackham, 'Trees and woodland in Anglo-Saxon England: the documentary evidence', 7-11 in J. Rackham (ed.), Environment and Economy in Anglo-Saxon England (CBA Res. Rep. 98, 1994), 8;
35. S. Oosthuizen, 'Medieval greens and moats in the central province: evidence from the Bourn Valley, Cambridgeshire', Landscape Hist., 24 (2002), 73-88.
36. Metropolitan Record Office [MRO] H1/ST/E/107/1 and 2; CUL EDR/H1; Clare College, University of Cambridge [CC] Safe B 38/5; O. Rackham, The History of the British Countryside (London, 1986), 212.
37. J. English and S. Dyer, 'Surrey Historic Landscape Project - the Polesden estate', Soc. Landscape Stud. Newsl. (Autumn 1993), 4-6; I am grateful to Judy English for drawing this example to my attention.
38. S. Oosthuizen, 'The roots of the open fields: linking prehistoric and medieval field systems in W. Cambridgeshire', Landscapes, 4 (2003), 40-64.
39. R. Faith, The English Peasantry and the Growth of Lordship (Leicester, 1997), 117.
40. C. R. Hart, 'Land tenure in Cambridgeshire on the eve of the Norman Conquest', Proc. Cambridge Antiq. Soc., 84 (1995), 59-90;
41. N. E. S. A. Hamilton (ed.), Liber Eliensis in Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis (London, 1876), 152-3.
42. C. R. Hart, The Hidation of Cambridgeshire (Leicester 1974), 12-13 and 45.
43. S. S. Frere and J. K. St Joseph, Roman Britain from the Air (Cambridge, 1983), 188-9-196.
44. W. Davies and H. Vierck, 'The contexts of Tribal Hidage: social aggregates and settlement patterns', Frühmittelalterliche Stud., 8 (1974), 223-93, 267 fig. 7;
45. P. Murphy, 'Iron Age to Late Saxon land use in the Breckland', 177-210 in M. Jones (ed.), Integrating the Subsistence Economy (BAR Int. Ser. 181, Oxford, 1983);
46. idem, 'The Anglo-Saxon landscape and rural economy: some results from sites in East Anglia and Essex', 23-39 in Rackham, (ed.), op. cit. in note 35;
47. Bell, 'Environmental archaeology as an index of continuity and change in the medieval landscape', 269-86 in M. Aston, D. Austin and C. Dyer (cds.), The Rural Settlements of Medieval England (Oxford, 1989).
48. J. Haslam, 'The development and topography of Saxon Cambridge', Proc. Cambridge Antiquarian Soc., 72 (1982), 13-29;
49. D. Hill, An Atlas of Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford, 1981), 98 and 58;
50. C. R. Hart, 'The Aldewerke and minster at Shelford, Cambridgeshire', Anglo-Saxon Stud. Archaeol. Hist., 8 (1995), 43-68.
51. S. Bassett, 'The administrative history of the diocese', 147-73 in N. Brooks and C. Cubitt (eds.), St Oswald of Worcester: Life and Influence (Leicester, 1996), 151.
52. D. Banham, 'Race and tillage: Scandinavian influence on Anglo-Saxon agriculture?', in M. Kilpiö et al. (eds.), Proc. Internat. Soc. Anglo-Saxonists Conference, Helsinki 2001 (forthcoming).
53. H. S. A. Fox, 'Social relations and ecological relationships in agrarian change: an example from medieval and early modern England', Geografiska Annaler, 70B (1988), 105-15, at p. 111.
54. H. Riley and R. Wilson-North, The Field Archaeology of Exmoor (Swindon, 2001), 102.
55. The earliest previously known ridge-and-furrow (the physical manifestation of a selion) dates from the late 11th century at Hen Domen, Montgomeryshire, where it is overlain by a Norman motte-and-bailey castle: P. Barker and J. Lawson, 'A pre-Norman field system at Hen Domen', Medieval Archaeol., 15 (1971), 58-72. The earliest 'firm written evidence' of open-field farming in the Danelaw comes from Brandon and Livermere, both Suffolk, where between 939-949 'every 8th acre' was sold to the Abbey of Ely: Dr C. Hart, pers. comm.
56. P. J. Fowler and A. C. Thomas, 'Arable fields of the pre-Norman period at Gwithian, Cornwall', Cornish Archaeol., 1 (1962), 61-84.
57. D. Hall, 'The Late Saxon countryside: villages and their fields', 99-122 in D. Hooke (ed.), Anglo-Saxon Settlements (Oxford, 1988), 107;
58. T. Williamson, 'Parish boundaries and early fields: continuity and discontinuity'. J. Hist. Geog., 12 (1986), 241-8.
59. D. Whitelock (ed.), English Historical Documents c. 500-1042 (hereafter EHD) (London, 1979), 406.
60. P. Crabtree, 'Animal exploitation in East Anglian villages', 40-54 in Rackham, op. cit. in note 35;
61. R. C. Neville, Saxon Obsequies (London, 1852), p. xv.
62. Murphy (1983) op. cit. in note 50, 194; D. Morris, The Washing of the Spears (London, 1965), 79.
63. Tim Pestell and Katharina Ulmschneider (eds.), Markets in Early Medieval Europe: Trading_and 'Productive' Sites, 650-850 (Macclesfield, 2003).
64. S. Oosthuizen, 'Medieval settlement relocation in W. Cambridgeshire: three case studies', Landscape Hist., 19 (1997), 43-55.