The effect of total starvation and very low energy diet in lean men on kinetics of whole body protein and five hepatic secretory proteins

American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 293, Issue 6, 2007, Pages

  Afolabi, Paul R ^a   Jahoor, Farook ^b   Jackson, Alan A ^a   Stubbs, James ^c   Johnstone, Alexander M ^c   Faber, Peter ^c   Lobley, Gerald ^c   Gibney, Eileen ^d   Elia, Marinos ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c ROWETT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Plasma proteins; Protein turnover; Very low energy diet

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN A1; GLYCINE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LEUCINE; LIVER PROTEIN; PREALBUMIN; RETINOL BINDING PROTEIN; SECRETORY PROTEIN; TRANSFERRIN;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; LEAN BODY WEIGHT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; STARVATION; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 37149015516     PISSN: 01931849     EISSN: 15221555     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00169.2007     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. [Anon]. Metropolitan height and weight tables. Stat Bull Metrop Life Found 64: 3-9, 1983.
2. Adlouni A, Ghalim N, Saile R, Hda N, Parra HJ, Benslimane A. Beneficial effect on serum apo AI, apo B and Lp AI levels of Ramadan fasting. Clin Chim Acta 271: 179-189, 1998.
3. Afolabi PR, Jahoor F, Gibson NR, Jackson AA. Response of hepatic proteins to the lowering of habitual dietary protein to the recommended safe level of intake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287: E327-E330, 2004.
4. Ahlman B, Charlton M, Fu A, Berg C, O'Brien P, Nair KS. Insulin's effect on synthesis rates of liver proteins. A swine model comparing various precursors of protein synthesis. Diabetes 50: 947-954, 2001.
5. Akanji AO, Mojiminiyi OA, Abdella N. Beneficial changes in serum apo A-1 and its ratio to apo B and HDL in stable hyperlipidaemic subjects after Ramadan fasting in Kuwait. Eur J Clin Nutr 54: 508-513, 2000.
6. Barnum-Huckins K, Adrian GS. Iron regulation of transferrin synthesis in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Cell Biol Int 24: 71-77, 2000.
7. Bell AW, Burhans WS, Overton TR. Protein nutrition in late pregnancy, maternal protein reserves and lactation performance in dairy cows. Proc Nutr Soc 59: 119-126, 2000.
8. Calder AG, Smith A. Stable isotope ratio analysis of leucine and ketoisocaproic acid in blood plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Use of tertiary butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2: 14-16, 1998.
9. Castaneda C, Dolnikowski GG, Dallal GE, Evans WJ, Crim MC. Protein turnover and energy metabolism of elderly women fed a low-protein diet. Am J Clin Nutr 62: 40-48, 1995.
10. Castell JV, Gomez-Lechon MJ, David M, Andus T, Geiger T, Trullenque R, Fabra R, Heinrich PC. Interleukin-6 is the major regulator of acute phase protein synthesis in adult human hepatocytes. FEBS Lett 242: 237-239, 1989.
11. Clugston GA, Garlick PJ. The response of whole-body protein turnover to feeding in obese subjects given a protein-free, low-energy diet for three weeks. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 36: 391-397, 1982.
12. Connell A, Calder AG, Anderson SE, Lobley GE. Hepatic protein synthesis in the sheep: effect of intake as monitored by use of stable-isotope-labelled glycine, leucine and phenylalanine. Br J Nutr 77: 255-271, 1997.
13. Crystal RG. Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, emphysema, and liver disease. Genetic basis and strategies for therapy. J Clin Invest 85: 1343-1352, 1990.
14. Davies HJ, Baird IM, Fowler J, Mills IH, Baillie JE, Rattan S, Howard AN. Metabolic response to low- and very-low-calorie diets. Am J Clin Nutr 49: 745-751, 1989.
15. De Feo P, Gaisano MG, Haymond MW. Differential effects of insulin deficiency on albumin and fibrinogen synthesis in humans. J Clin Invest 88: 833-840, 1991.
16. De Feo P, Volpi E, Lucidi P, Cruciani G, Reboldi G, Siepi D, Mannarino E, Santeusanio F, Brunetti P, Bolli GB. Physiological increments in plasma insulin concentrations have selective and different effects on synthesis of hepatic proteins in normal humans. Diabetes 42: 995-1002, 1993.
17. Department of Health. Dietary Reference Values for Food, Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. London: HMSO, 1991.
18. Elia M. Effect of starvation and very low calorie diets on protein-energy interrelationships in lean and obese subjects. In: Protein-Energy Interactions, edited by Scrimshaw NS and Schurch B. Lausanne, Switzerland: IDECG, 1992, p. 249-284.
19. Elia M. Hunger disease. Clin Nutr 19: 379-386, 2000.
20. Elia M. Metabolic response to starvation, injury and sepsis. In: Artificial Nutritional Support in Clinical Practice, edited by Payne-James J, Grimble G, and Silk D. London: Greenwich Medical Media, 2001.
21. Elia M. Tissue distribution and energetics in weigh loss and undernutrition. In: Physiology, Stress and Malnutrition: Functional Correlates and Nutritional Intervention, edited by Kinney JM and Tucker HN. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997, p. 383-411.
22. Elia M, Wood S, Khan K, Pullicino E. Ketone body metabolism in lean male adults during short-term starvation, with particular reference to forearm muscle metabolism. Clin Sci (Lond) 78: 579 -584, 1990.
23. Faber P, Johnstone AM, Gibney ER, Elia M, Stubbs RJ, Duthie GG, Calder AG, Lobley GE. The effect of rate of weight loss on erythrocyte glutathione concentration and synthesis in healthy obese men. Clin Sci (Lond) 102: 569-577, 2002.
24. Food and Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations/World Health Organization/The United Nations University. Energy and Protein Requirements. Geneva: WHO, 1985.
25. Food Standards Agency. McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods. London: The Royal Society of Chemistry and Foods Standards Agency, 2002.
26. Fuller NJ, Jebb SA, Laskey MA, Coward WA, Elia M. Four-component model for the assessment of body composition in humans: comparison with alternative methods and evaluation of the density and hydration of fat-free mass. Clin Sci (Lond) 82: 687-693, 1992.
27. Gatti E, Porrini M, Noe D, Crovetti R, Testolin G. Plasma amino acids changes in obese patients on very low-calorie diets. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 64: 81-85, 1994.
28. Gibney RG. The Physical, Psychological and Metabolic Effects Of Nutritional Depletion and Subsequent Repletion (PhD thesis). Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge, 2002.
29. Grande F, Anderson T, Keys A. Changes in basal metabolic rate in man in semistarvation and refeeding. J Appl Physiol 12: 230-238, 1958.
30. Haas MJ, Pun K, Reinacher D, Wong NC, Mooradian AD. Effects of ketoacidosis on rat apolipoprotein A1 gene expression: a link with acidosis but not with ketones. J Mol Endocrinol 25: 129-139, 2000.
31. Hoffer LJ, Forse RA. Protein metabolic effects of a prolonged fast and hypocaloric refeeding. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 258: E832-E840, 1990.
32. Jackson AA, Phillips G, McClelland I, Jahoor F. Synthesis of hepatic secretory proteins in normal adults consuming a diet marginally adequate in protein. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281: G1179-G1187, 2001.
33. Jackson AA, Phillips G, McClelland I, Jahoor F. Synthesis of hepatic secretory proteins in normal adults consuming a diet marginally adequate in protein. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281: G1179-G1187, 2001.
34. Jahoor F, Gazzard B, Phillips G, Sharpstone D, Delrosario M, Frazer M, Heird W, Smith R, Jackson A. The acute-phase protein response to human immunodeficiency virus infection in human subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 276: E1092-E1098, 1999.
35. Jahoor F, Sivakumar B, Del Rosario M, Frazer EM. Isolation of acute-phase proteins from plasma for determination of fractional synthesis rates by a stable isotope tracer technique. Anal Biochem 236: 95-100, 1996.
36. Jennings G, Elia M. Effect of dietary restriction on the response of a2-macroglobulin during an acute phase response. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 18: 510-515, 1994.
37. Jennings G, Elia M. Effect of dietary restriction on the response of alpha 2-macroglobulin during an acute phase response. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 18: 510-515, 1994.
38. Jennings G, Elia M. Independent effects of protein and energy deficiency on acute-phase protein response in rats. Nutrition 7: 430-434, 1991.
39. Jensen MD, Miles JM, Gerich JE, Cryer PE, Haymond MW. Preservation of insulin effects on glucose production and proteolysis during fasting. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 254: E700-E707, 1988.
40. Johnstone AM. Weight Loss and Human Obesity (PhD thesis). Aberdeen, UK: University of Aberdeen, 2001.
41. Kaysen GA. Association between inflammation and malnutrition as risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Blood Purif 24: 51-55, 2006.
42. Keys A, Brozek J, Henschel A, Mickelsen O, Taylor HL. The Biology of Human Starvation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1950, Chapt. 17, p. 81-535.
43. Kleitman N. Basal metabolism in prolonged fasting in man. Am J Physiol 77: 33-44, 1926.
44. Koj A. Extrahepatic synthesis of acute phase proteins. In: The Acute Phase Response, edited by Gordon AH, Koj A. New York: Elsevier, 1985, p. 221-246.
45. Kurpad A, Elia M. The effect of repeated hand warming in metabolic studies. Med Sci Res 23: 51-52, 1995.
46. Lobley GE, Shen X, Le G, Bremner DM, Milne E, Calder AG, Anderson SE, Dennison N. Oxidation of essential amino acids by the ovine gastrointestinal tract. Br J Nutr 89: 617-630, 2003.
47. Mansell PI, Fellows IW, Macdonald IA. Enhanced thermogenic response to epinephrine after 48-h starvation in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 258: R87-R93, 1990.
48. 3C]leucine. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 238: E473-E479, 1980.
49. Maxwell JL, Terracio L, Borg TK, Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. A fluorescent residualizing label for studies on protein uptake and catabolism in vivo and in vitro. Biochem J 267: 155-162, 1990.
50. 2 by isotopic ratio mass spectrometry. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 15: 467-472, 1988.
51. Morlese JF, Forrester T, Jahoor F. Acute-phase protein response to infection in severe malnutrition. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 275: E112-E117, 1998.
52. Morton AG, Tavill AS. The role of iron in the regulation of hepatic transferrin synthesis. Br J Haematol 36: 383-394, 1977.
53. Nair KS, Woolf PD, Welle SL, Matthews DE. Leucine, glucose and energy metabolism after 3 days of fasting in healthy human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 46: 557-562, 1987.
54. Ohwada R, Hotta M, Oikawa S, Takano K. Etiology of hypercholesterolemia in patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 39: 598-601, 2006.
55. Orskov ER, Meehan DE, MacLeod NA, Kyle DJ. Effect of glucose supply on fasting nitrogen excretion and effect of level and type of volatile fatty acid infusion on response to protein infusion in cattle. Br J Nutr 81: 389-393, 1999.
56. Price GM, Halliday D, Pacy PJ, Quevedo MR, Millward DJ. Nitrogen homeostasis in man: influence of protein intake on the amplitude of diurnal cycling of body nitrogen. Clin Sci (Lond) 86: 91-102, 1994.
57. Quadro L, Blaner WS, Hamberger L, Novikoff PM, Vogel S, Piantedosi R, Gottesman ME, Colantuoni V. The role of extrahepatic retinol binding protein in the mobilization of retinoid stores. J Lipid Res 45: 1975-1982, 2004.
58. Quevedo MR, Price GM, Halliday D, Pacy PJ, Millward DJ. Nitrogen homoeostasis in man: diurnal changes in nitrogen excretion, leucine oxidation and whole body leucine kinetics during a reduction from a high to a moderate protein intake. Clin Sci (Lond) 86: 185-193, 1994.
59. Reeds PJ, Davis TA. Of flux and flooding: the advantages and problems of different isotopic methods for quantifying protein turnover in vivo: I. Methods based on the dilution of a tracer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2: 23-28, 1999.
60. Reid M, Badaloo A, Forrester T, Morlese JF, Heird WC, Jahoor F. The acute-phase protein response to infection in edematous and non-edematous protein-energy malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 76: 1409-1415, 2002.
61. Schofield WN, Schofield C, James WPT. Basal metabolic rate. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 39: 1-96, 1985.
62. Shenkin A, Cederblad G, Elia M, Isaksson B. Laboratory assessment of protein-energy status. Clin Chim Acta 252: 1-56, 1996.
63. Sivakumar B, Jahoor F, Burrin DG, Frazer EM, Reeds PJ. Fractional synthesis rates of retinol-binding protein, transthyretin, and a new peptide measured by stable isotope techniques in neonatal pigs. J Biol Chem 269: 26196-26200, 1994.
64. Soprano DR, Soprano KJ, Goodman DS. Retinol-binding protein messenger RNA levels in the liver and in extrahepatic tissues of the rat. J Lipid Res 27: 166-171, 1986.
65. Stephensen CB, Alvarez JO, Kohatsu J, Hardmeier R, Kennedy JI Jr, Gammon RB Jr. Vitamin A is excreted in the urine during acute infection. Am J Clin Nutr 60: 388-392, 1994.
66. Strychar I. Diet in the management of weight loss. CMAJ 174: 56-63, 2006.
67. Swendseid ME, Umezawa CY, Drenick E. Plasma amino acid levels in obese subjects before, during, and after starvation. Am J Clin Nutr 22: 740-743, 1969.
68. Thurnham DI, Smith E, Flora PS. Concurrent liquid chromatographic assay of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lycopene and beta-cryptoxanthin in plasma, with tocopherol acetate as internal standard. Clin Chem 34: 377-381, 1988.
69. Tsalikian E, Howard C, Gerich JE, Haymond MW. Increased leucine flux in short-term fasted human subjects: evidence for increased proteolysis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 247: E323-E327, 1984.
70. Umpleby AM, Scobie IN, Boroujerdi MA, Sonksen PH. The effect of starvation in leucine, alanine and glucose metabolism in obese subjects. Eur J Clin Invest 25: 619-625, 1995.
71. Vila R, Granada ML, Gutierrez RM, Fernandez-Lopez JA, Remesar X, Formiguera X, Foz M, Alemany M. Short-term effects of a hypocaloric diet on nitrogen excretion in morbid obese women. Eur J Clin Nutr 55: 186-191, 2001.
72. Vitkova M, Klimcakova E, Kovacikova M, Valle C, Moro C, Polak J, Hanacek J, Capel F, Viguerie N, Richterova B, Bajzova M, Hejnova J, Stich V, Langin D. Plasma levels and adipose tissue messenger ribonucleic acid expression of retinol-binding protein 4 are reduced during calorie restriction in obese subjects but are not related to diet-induced changes in insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 2330-2335, 2007.
73. Watt PW, Lindsay Y, Scrimgeour CM, Chien PA, Gibson JN, Taylor DJ, Rennie MJ. Isolation of aminoacyl-tRNA and its labeling with stable-isotope tracers: use in studies of human tissue protein synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 5892-5896, 1991.
74. Williamson DH, Mellanby J, Krebs HA. Enzymatic determination of D(-)-B-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid in blood. Biochem J 82: 90-96, 1962.
75. Yang Q, Graham TE, Mody N, Preitner F, Peroni OD, Zabolotny JM, Kotani K, Quadro L, Kahn BB. Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nature 436: 356-362, 2005.
76. Zauner C, Schneeweiss B, Kranz A, Madl C, Ratheiser K, Kramer L, Roth E, Schneider B, Lenz K. Resting energy expenditure in short-term starvation is increased as a result of an increase in serum norepinephrine. Am J Clin Nutr 71: 1511-1515, 2000.