Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) analysis of photoactive layers in inert atmosphere

Organic Electronics

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 149-154

  Alexeev, Alexander ^a   Loos, Joachim ^b  

^a Zelenograd   (Russian Federation)

^b EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Conductive atomic force microscopy; Inert atmosphere; Morphology; Photoactive layer; Polymer solar cell

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; MEASUREMENT THEORY; MORPHOLOGY; SOLAR CELLS;

CONDUCTIVE ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; INERT ATMOSPHERE; PHOTOACTIVE LAYERS; POLYMER SOLAR CELLS;

INERT GASES;

EID: 37049000556     PISSN: 15661199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2007.10.003     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Yu G., and Heeger A.J. J. Appl. Phys. 78 (1995) 4510
2. Halls J.J.M., Walsh C.A., Greenham N.C., Marseglia E.A., Friend R.H., Moratti S.C., and Holmes A.B. Nature 376 (1995) 498
3. Yu G., Gao J., Hummelen J.C., Wudl F., and Heeger A.J. Science 270 (1995) 1789
4. Shafai C., Thomson D.J., Simard-Normandin M., Mattiussi G., and Scanlon P.J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 (1994) 342
5. De Wolf P., Snauwaert J., Clarysse T., Vandervorst W., and Hellemans L. Appl. Phys. Lett. 66 (1995) 1530
6. Kelley T.W., and Frisbie C.D. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 18 (2000) 632
7. Lin H.-N., Lin H.-L., Wang S.-S., Yu L.-S., Perng G.-Y., Chen S.-A., and Chen S.-H. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 (2002) 2572
8. Ionescu-Zanetti C., Mechler A., Carter S.A., and Lal R. Adv. Mater. 16 (2004) 385
9. Alexeev A., Loos J., and Koetse M.M. Ultramicroscopy 106 (2006) 191
10. Douheret O., Lutsen L., Swinnen A., Breselge M., Vandewal K., Goris L., and Manca J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 (2006) 032107
11. Coffey D.C., Reid O.G., Rodovsky D.B., Bartholomew G.P., and Ginger D.S. Nano Lett. 7 (2007) 738
12. Morgado J., Friend R.H., and Cacialli F. Synt. Met. 114 (2000) 189
13. Hummelen J.C., Knight B.W., LePeq F., Wudl F., Yao J., and Wilkins C.L. J. Org. Chem. 60 (1995) 532
14. Becker H., Spreitzer H., Kreuder W., Kluge E., Schenk H., Parker I., and Cao Y. Adv. Mater. 12 (2000) 42
15. Hoppe H., and Sariciftci N.S. J. Mat. Chem. 16 (2006) 45
16. Brabec C.J., Sariciftci N.S., and Hummelen J.C. Adv. Funct. Mater. 11 (2001) 15
17. Padinger F., Fromherz T., Denk P., Brabec C., Zettner J., Hierl T., and Sariciftci N. Synth. Met. 121 (2001) 1605
18. Yang X., van Duren J.K.J., Janssen R.A.J., Michels M.A.J., and Loos J. Macromolecules 37 (2004) 2151
19. Koch N., Elschner A., Schwartz J., and Kahn A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003) 2281
20. Sugimura H., Ishida Y., Hayashi K., Takai O., and Nakagiri N. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 (2002) 1459
21. Goffri S., Müller C., Stingelin-Stutzmann N., Breiby D.W., Radano C.P., Andreasen J.W., Thompson R., Janssen R.A.J., Nielsen M.M., Smith P., and Sirringhaus H. Nat. Mater. 5 (2006) 950