Effectiveness of androgen deprivation therapy in prolonging survival of older men treated for locoregional prostate cancer

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 388-395

  Holmes Jr , L ^a,b   Chan, W ^b   Jiang, Z ^b   Du, X L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIANDROGEN; GOSERELIN; LEUPRORELIN;

AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER LOCALIZATION; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER REGISTRY; CANCER SURVIVAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMMUNITY CARE; COMORBIDITY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; COVARIANCE; DEMOGRAPHY; DRUG EFFICACY; ELDERLY CARE; HUMAN; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; LOG RANK TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; ORCHIECTOMY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; PROSTATE CANCER; RISK ASSESSMENT; SURVIVAL TIME;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANDROGEN ANTAGONISTS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL; COHORT STUDIES; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; HUMANS; MALE; NEOPLASM STAGING; ORCHIECTOMY; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RADIOTHERAPY DOSAGE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SEER PROGRAM; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 36949022937     PISSN: 13657852     EISSN: 14765608     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500973     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostatic cancer. I. The effects of castration, of estrogen injection on serum phosphates in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer Res 1941; 1: 293-297.
2. Harkonen P, Torn S, Kurkela R, Povari K, Pulkka A, Lindfors A et al. Sex hormone metabolism in prostate cancer cells during transition to an androgen-independent state. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88 705-712.
3. Nicholson B, Schaefer G, Theodorescu D. Angiogenesis in prostate cancer: biology and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2001; 20: 297-319.
4. Knuth UA, Hano R, Nieschlag E. Effect of flutamide or cyproterone acetate on pituitary and testicular hormones in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 59: 963-969.
5. Chang A, Yeap B, Trump D. Double-blind, randomized study of primary hormonal treatment of stage D2 prostate carcinoma: Flutamide versus diethylstilbesterol. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 2250-2257.
6. Decensi A, Torrisi R, Marroni P, Pensa F, Padovani P, Boccardo F. Effects of the non-steroidal antiandrogen nilutamide on adrenal androgen secretion. Prostate 1994; 24: 17-23.
7. Labrie F, Candas B, Dupont A, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Suburu RE et al. Screening decreases prostate cancer death: First analysis of the 1988 Quebec prospective randomized controlled trial. Prostate 1999; 38: 83-91.
8. Tolis G, Ackman D, Stellos A, Mehta A, Labrie F, Fazekas AT. Tumor growth inhibition in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with LHRH agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982; 79: 1658-1662.
9. Bella M, Gonzalez D, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G. Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin. N Engl J Med 1997; 337 295-300.
10. Pilepich MV, Winter K, John MJ, Mesic JB, Sause W, Rubin P. Phase III radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) trial 86-10 of androgen deprivation adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 50 1243-1252.
11. Hanks GE, Lu J, Machtay M, Venkatesaa V, Pinover W, Byhardt R et al. RTOG Protocol 92-02: A phase III trial of the use of long term androgen suppression following neoadjuvant hormonal cytoreduction and radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate. In 36th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. New Orleans, LA, USA, 2000, p 1284.
12. Granfors T, Modig H, Damber JE, Tomic R. Combined orchiectomy and external radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for non-metastatic prostate cancer with or without pelvic node involvement: A prospective randomized study. J Urol 1998; 159: 2030-2034.
13. Messing EM, Manola J, Sarosdy M, Wilding G, Crawford ED, Trump D. Immediate hormonal therapy compared with observation after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in men with node-positive prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1781-1788.
14. Labrie F, Belanger A, Raynaud JP. Antifertility effects of LHRH agonist in the male. J Androl 1980; 1: 209-228.
15. Labrie F, Dupont A, Belanger A, Cusan L, Lacourciere Y, Monfette G et al. New hormonal therapy in prostatic carcinoma: Combined treatment with an LHRH agonist and an antiandrogen. Clin Invest Med 1982; 5: 267-275.
16. Klotz L, Gleave M, Goldenberg SL. Neoadjuvant hormone therapy: The Canadian trials. Mol Urol 2000; 4: 233-239.
17. Lawton CA, Winter K, Murray K, Machtay M, Mesic JB, Hanks GE et al. Updated results of the phase III radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) trial 85-31 evaluating the potential benefit of androgen suppression following standard radiation therapy for unfavorable prognosis carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 49: 937-946.
18. Zincke H, Utz DC, Thule PM, Taylor WF. Treatment options for patients with stage D1(TO-3,N1-2,MO) adenocarcinoma of prostate. Urology 1987; 30: 307-315.
19. Myers RP, Larson-Keller JJ, Bergstralh EJ, Zincke H, Oesterling JE, Lieber MM. Hormonal treatment at time of radical retropubic prostatectomy for stage D1 prostate cancer: Results of long- term follow-up. J Urol 1992; 147: 910-915.
20. Janoff DM, Peterson C, Mongoue-Tchokote S, Peters L, Beer TM, Wersinger EM et al. Clinical outcomes of androgen deprivation as the sole therapy for localized and locally advanced prostate cancer. BJU Int 2005; 96: 503-507.
21. Homma Y, Akaza H, Okada K, Yokoyama M, Moriyama N, Usami M et al. Radical prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy for prostate cancer with or without preoperative androgen deprivation: Five-year results. Int J Urol 2004; 11: 295-303.
22. Eisenberger MA, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, Miller G, McLeod DG, Loehrer PJ et al. Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1036-1042.
23. Prostate Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: An overview of the randomized trials. Lancet 2000; 355: 1491-1498.
24. Black N. Why we need observational studies to evaluate the effectiveness of health care. BMJ 1996; 312: 1215-1218.
25. Benson K, Hartz AJ. A comparison of observational studies and randomized, controlled trials. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1878-18886.
26. Concato J, Shah N, Horwitz RI. Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1887-1892.
27. Pocock SJ, Elbourne DR. Randomized trials or observational tribulations? N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1907-1909.
28. Shahinian VB, Kuo Y, Freeman JL, Orihuela E, Goodwin JS. Increasing use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for the treatment of localized prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2005; 103: 1615-1624.
29. Bayoumi AM, Brown AD, Garber AM. Cost-effectiveness of androgen suppression therapies in advanced prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 1731-1939.
30. Du XL, Chan W, Giordano S, Geraci JM, Delclos GL, Burau K et al. Variation in modes of chemotherapy administration for breast carcinoma and association with hospitalization for chemotherapy-related toxicity. Cancer 2005; 104: 913-924.
31. Schler HI. Prostate carcinoma: Defining therapeutic objectives and improving overall outcomes. Cancer 2003; 97 (Suppl 3): 758-771.
32. Du XL, Fang S, Coker AL, Sanderson M, Argaki C, Cormier JN et al. Racial disparity and socioeconomic status in association with survival in older men with local/regional stage prostate cancer: Finding from large community-based cohort. Cancer 2006; 106: 1276-1285.
33. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, Mackenzie R. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation. J Chron Dis 1987; 40: 373-383.
34. Du XL, Goodwin JS. Patterns of use of chemotherapy for breast cancer in older women: Findings from Medicare claims data. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 1455-1461.
35. D'Agostino Jr RB. Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non-randomized control group. Stat Med 1998; 17: 2265-2281.
36. Cleves MA, Gould WW, Gutierrez RG. An Introduction to Survival Analysis Using STATA. Revised Edition, STATA Press Publication: Texas, 2004, pp 113-115.
37. Mcleod DG. Emerging role of adjuvant hormonal therapy. Urology 2002; 60 (Suppl 3A): 13-21.
38. Schler HI, Heller G. Clinical states in prostate cancer: Towards a dynamic model of disease progression. Urology 2000; 55: 323-327.
39. Moul JW. The evolving definition of advanced prostate cancer. Rev Urol 2004; 6 (Suppl 8): S10-S17.
40. Potosky AL, Legler J, Albertsen PC, Stanford JL, Gilliland FD, Hamilton AS. Health outcomes after prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Results from the prostate cancer outcomes study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 1582-1592.
41. Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Ruutu M, Haggman M, Andersson SO, Bratell S et al. Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1977-1984.
42. Herbst RS, Bajorin DF, Bleiberg H. Clinical cancer advances 2005: Major research advances in treatment, prevention, and screening - a report from the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 190-205.
43. Ries LAG, Kosary CL, Hankey BF, Miller BA, Clegg LX, Edwards BK. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1973-1996. NIH Publication No. 99-2789. National Cancer Institute: Bethesda, MD, 1999.
44. Du XL, Key CR, Dickie L, Darling R, Geraci JM, Zhang D. External validation of Medicare claims for breast cancer chemotherapy compared with medical chart reviews. Med Care 2006; 44: 124-131.
45. Flegal KM, Keyl PM, Nieto FJ. Differential misclassification arising from nondifferential errors in exposure measurement. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147: 1140-1144.