Dose-hair concentration relationship and pigmentation effects in patients on low-dose clozapine

Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 107-114

  Kronstrand, R ^a   Roman, M ^a   Hedman, M ^a   Ahlner, J ^a   Dizdar, N ^b  

^a DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC GENETICS AND FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Clozapine; Drug incorporation; Forensic toxicology; LC MS MS

Indexed keywords

EID: 36949015162     PISSN: 1547769X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-007-0010-9     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Gaszner P, Makkos Z, Kosza P. Agranulocytosis during clozapine therapy. Prog Neuro-psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2002;26:603-7.
2. Davies LM, Drummond MF. Economics and schizophrenia: the real cost. Br J Psychiatry 1994;25:18-21.
3. Weiden PJ, Olfson M. Cost of relapse in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1995;21:419-29.
4. Patel NC, Crismon ML, Miller AL, Johnsrud MT. Drug adherence: effects of decreased visit frequency on adherence to clozapine therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2005 ;25(9): 1242-7.
5. Xiang YQ, Zhang ZJ, Weng YZ, Zhai YM, Li WB, Cai ZJ, Tan QR, Wang CY. Serum concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine in the prediction of relapse of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2006;83(2-3):201-10.
6. Cirimele V, Kintz P, Gosselin O, Ludes B. Clozapine dose-concentration relationships in plasma, hair and sweat specimens of schizophrenic patients. Forensic Sci Int 2000;107:289-300.
7. Kutschera J. Masters Thesis. Oslo, Norway; 1996.
8. Kronstrand R, Nyström I, Roman M, Josefsson M. Clozapine dose-hair concentration relationships: evaluation of inpatient and outpatient data. Abstract SOFT, 2004, Washington D.C., USA.
9. Sato H, Uematsu T, Yamada K, Nakashima M. Chlorpromazine in human scalp hair as an index of dosage history: comparison with simultaneously measured haloperidol. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993:44:439-44.
10. Reid RW, O'Connor FL, Deakin AG, Ivery DM, Crayton JW. Cocaine and metabolites in human graying hair: pigmentary relationship. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996;34:685-90.
11. Rothe M, Pragst F, Thor S, Hunger J. Effect of pigmentation on the drug deposition in hair of grey-haired subjects. Forensic Sci Int 1997;84:53-60.
12. Kronstrand R, Ahlner J, Dizdar N, Larson G. Quantitative analysis of desmethylselegiline, methamphetamine and amphetamine in hair and plasma from Parkinson patients on long-term selegiline medication. J Anal Toxicol 2003;27:135-41.
13. King R, Bonfiglio R, Fernandez-Metzler C, Miller-Stein C, Olah T. Mechanistic investigation of ionization suppression in electrospray ionization. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2000; 11:942-50.
14. Mortier KA, Clauwaert KM, Lambert WE, Van Bocxlaer JF, Van den Eeckhout EG, Van Peteghem CH, De Leenheer AP. Pitfalls associated with liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in quantitative bioanalysis of drugs of abuse in saliva. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2001 ; 15( 18) : 1773-5.
15. Kronstrand R, Andersson MC, Ahlner J, Larson G. Incorporation of Selegiline Metabolites into Hair after Oral Selegiline Intake. J Anal Toxicol 2001;25:594-601.
16. Kronstrand R, Förstberg-Peterson S, Kågedal B, Ahlner J, Larson G. Codeine concentrations in hair after oral administration is dependent on melanin content. Clin Chem 1999;45(9):1485-94.
17. Larsson B, Oskarsson A, Tjalve H. On the binding of the bisquatemary ammonium compound paraquat to melanin and cartilage in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 1978;27:1721-4.
18. Larsson B, Tjalve H. Studies on the melanin-affinity of metal ions. Acta Physiol Scand 1978;104:479-84.
19. Larsson B, Tjalve H. Studies on the mechanism of drug-binding to melanin. Biochem Pharmacol 1979;28:1181-7.
20. Tjalve H, Nilsson M, Larsson B. Studies on the binding of chlorpromazine and chloroquine to melanin in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 1981:30:1845-7.