The stereotyping of nonreligious people by religious students: Contents and subtypes

Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 539-552

  Harper, Marcel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 36949000035     PISSN: 00218294     EISSN: 14685906     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2007.00376.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Allport, G. W. and J. M. Ross. 1967. Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 5:432-43.
2. Altemeyer, B. 2003. Why do religious fundamentalists tend to be prejudiced? International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 13:17-28.
3. Altemeyer, B. and B. Hunsberger. 1992. Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, quest, and prejudice. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 2:113-33.
4. Ashmore, D. R., F. K. Del Boca, and A. J. Wohlers. 1986. Gender stereotypes. In The social psychology of female-male relations, edited by R. D. Ashmore and F. K. Del Boca, pp. 69-119. Orlando: Academic Press.
5. Batson, C. D., P. A. Schoenrade, and W. L. Ventis. 1993. Religion and the individual: A social-psychological perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
6. Burris, C. T. and L. M. Jackson. 2000. Social identity and the true believer: Responses to threatened self-stereotypes among the intrinsically religious. British Journal of Social Psychology 39:257-78.
7. Butler, J. C., R. M. Ryckman, B. Thornton, and R. L. Bouchard. 1993. Assessment of the full content of physique stereotypes with a free-response format. Journal of Social Psychology 133:147-62.
8. Cattel, R. B. 1966. The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research 1:245-76.
9. Chalfant, H. P. and C. W. Peek. 1983. Religious affiliation, religiosity and racial prejudice: A new look at old relationships. Review of Religious Research 25:155-61.
10. Clore, G. L., N. Schwarz, and M. Conway. 1994. Affective causes and consequences of social information processing. In The handbook of social cognition: Vol. 1: Basic processes, edited by R.S. Wyer, Jr. and T. K. Srull, pp. 323-417. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. Dawkins, R. 2006. The God delusion. London: Bantam.
12. Deaux, K., W. Winton, M. Crowley, and L. L. Lewis. 1985. Level of categorization and content of gender stereotypes. Social Cognition 3:145-67.
13. Dennet, D. C. 2006. Breaking the spell: Religion as a natural phenomenon. London: Viking.
14. Devine, P. G. 1989. Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56:5-18.
15. Downey, M. 2004. Discrimination against atheists: The facts. Free Inquiry 24:41-43.
16. Duck, R. J. and B. Hunsberger. 1999. Religious orientation and prejudice: The role of religious proscription, right-wing authoritarianism, and social desirability. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 9:157-79.
17. Fabrigar, L. R., R. C. MacCullum, D. T. Wegener, and E. J. Strahan. 1999. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods 4:272-99.
18. Fiske, S. T. and S. L. Neuberg. 1990. A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. Advances in Experimental Psychology 23:1-74.
19. Ford, J. K., R. C. MacCallum, and M. Tait. 1986. The application of exploratory factor analysis in applied psychology: A critical review and analysis. Personnel Psychology 39:291-314.
20. Ganong, L. H. and M. Coleman. 1995. The content of mother stereotypes. Sex Roles 32:495-512.
21. Gardner, R. C. 1994. Stereotypes as consensual beliefs. In Ontario symposium on personality and social psychology: Vol. 7. The psychology of prejudice, edited by M. P. Zanna and J. M. Olson, pp. 1-31. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
22. Gilbert, G. M. 1951. Stereotype persistence and change among college students. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 46:245-54.
23. Gough, H. G. and A. B. Heilbrun. 1983. The adjective checklist manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
24. Haberman, S. J. 1973. The analysis of residuals in cross-classified tables. Biometrics 29:205-20.
25. Hood, R. W., Jr., B. Spilka, B. Hunsberger, and R. Gorsuch. 1996. The psychology of religion: An empirical approach, 2nd ed. New York: Guilford.
26. Horn, J. L. 1965. A rationale and technique for estimating the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika 30:179-85.
27. Hosoda, M. and D. L. Stone. 2000. Current gender stereotypes and their evaluative content. Perceptual and Motor Skills 90:1283-94.
28. Karlins, M., T. L. Coffman, and G. Walters. 1969. On the fading of social stereotypes: Studies in three generations of college students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 13:1-16.
29. Katz, D. and K. Braley. 1933. Racial stereotypes of one hundred college students. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 28:280-90.
30. Kirkpatrick, L. A. 1993. Fundamentalism, Christian orthodoxy, and intrinsic religious orientation as predictors of discriminatory attitudes. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 32:256-68.
31. Laythe, B., D. G. Finkel, R. G. Bringle, and L. A. Kirkpatrick. 2002. Religious fundamentalism as a predictor of prejudice: A two-component model. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41:623-35.
32. Madon, S. 1997. What do people believe about gay males?A study of stereotype content and strength. Sex Roles 37:663-85.
33. Madon S., M. Guyll, K. Aboufadel, E. Montiel, A. Smith, P. Palumbo, and L. Jussim. 2001. Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton trilogy revisited and revised. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27:996-1010.
34. Martin, C. L. 1987. A ratio measure of sex stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52:489-99.
35. Niemann, Y. F., L. Jennings, R. M. Rozelle, J. C. Baxter, and E. Sullivan. 1994. Use of free responses and cluster analysis to determine stereotypes of eight groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 20:379-90.
36. Olson, J. M. and M. P. Zanna. 1993. Attitudes and attitude change. Annual Review of Psychology 44:117-54.
37. Ponton, M. O. and R. L. Gorsuch. 1988. Prejudice and religion revisited: A cross-cultural investigation with a Venezuelan sample. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 27:260-71.
38. Stangor, C. and J. E. Lange. 1994. Mental representations of social groups: Advances in understanding stereotypes and stereotyping. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 26:357-416.
39. Stangor, C. and M. Schaller. 1996. Stereotypes as individual and collective representations. In Stereotypes and stereotyping, edited by C. Macrae, C. Stangor, and M. Hewstone, pp. 3-40. New York: Guilford.
40. Strand, E. 2004. Nonbelievers unite!Rationalists find refuge with the brights, a new movement for the nonreligious. Psychology Today 37:82.
41. Watkins, M. W. 2000. MacParallel analysis [computer software]. State College, PA: Ed and Psych Associates.