Experimental and numerical validation of the total trapping number for prediction of DNAPL mobilization

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 41, Issue 23, 2007, Pages 8135-8141

  Li, Yusong ^a   Abriola, Linda M ^a   Phelan, Thomas J ^b   Ramsburg, C Andrew ^a   Pennell, Kurt D ^c,d  

^a Tufts University   (United States)

^b GEOSYNTEC CONSULTANTS   (United States)

^c Georgia Institute of Technology   (United States)

^d EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; GRAVITATION; NUMERICAL METHODS; VISCOSITY;

DENSE NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID (DNAPL); TOTAL TRAPPING NUMBER;

CAPILLARY FLOW;

SURFACTANT; TETRACHLOROETHANE;

CAPILLARY FLOW; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; GRAVITATION; NUMERICAL METHODS; VISCOSITY;

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; GRAVITY FIELD; MOBILITY; NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; NUMERICAL MODEL; POROUS MEDIUM; SURFACTANT; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; VISCOSITY;

ARTICLE; CALCULATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS; FORCE; GRAVITY; MEASUREMENT; NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; PREDICTION; QUANTITATIVE STUDY; SIMULATOR; TOTAL TRAPPING NUMBER; VALIDATION STUDY;

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; MODELS, THEORETICAL; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; WATER POLLUTANTS;

EID: 36849073705     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es070834i     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Childs, J.; Acosta, E.; Annable, M. D.; Brooks, M. C.; Enfield, C. G.; Harwell, J. H.; Hasegawa, M.; Knox, R. C.; Rao, P. S. C.; Sabatini, D. A.; Shiau, B.; Szekeres, E.; Wood, A. L. Field demonstration of surfactant-enhanced solubilization of DNAPL at Dover Air Force Base, DE. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2006, 82, 1-22.
2. Jawitz, J. W.; Annable, M. D.; Rao, P. S. C.; Rhue, R. D. Evaluation of remediation performance and cost for field-scale single-phase microemulsion (SPME) flushing. J. Environ. Sci. Health A 2001, 36, 1437-1450.
3. Londergan, J. T.; Meinardus, H. W.; Mariner, P. E.; Jackson, R. E.; Brown, C. L.; Dwarakanath, V.; Pope, G. A.; Ginn, J. S.; Taffinder, S. DNAPL removal from a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer by surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation. Ground Water Monitor. Remed. 2001, 21, 57-67.
4. Ramsburg, C. A.; Pennell, K. D.; Abriola, L. M.; Daniels, G.; Drummond, C. D.; Gamache, M.; Hsu, H.; Petrovkis, E. A.; Rathfelder, K. M.; Ryder, J.; Yarkarski, T. A pilot-scale demonstration of surfactant enhanced PCE solubilization at the Bachman road site: 2. System operation and evaluation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 1791-1801.
5. Edwards, D. A.; Luthy, R. G.; Liu, Z. Solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in micellar nonionic surfactant solutions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 127-133.
6. Pennell, K. D.; Adinolfi, A. M.; Abriola, L. M.; Diallo, M. S. Solubilization of dodecane, tetrachloroethylene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene in micellar solutions of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 1382-1389.
7. Pennell, K. D.; Pope, G. A.; Abriola, L. M. Influence of viscous and buoyancy forces on the mobilization of residual tetrachloroethylene during surfactant flushing. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1996, 30, 1328-1335.
8. Dwarakanath, V.; Kostarelos, K.; Pope, G. A.; Shotts, D.; Wade, W. H. Anionic surfactant remediation of soil columns contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids. J. Contam. Hydrol. 1999, 38, 465-488.
9. Pennell, K. D.; Jin, M. Q.; Abriola, L. M.; Pope, G. A. Surfactant enhanced remediation of soil columns contaminated by residual tetrachloroethylene. J. Contam. Hydrol. 1994, 16, 35-53.
10. Ramsburg, C. A.; Pennell, K. D. Density-modified displacement for DNAPL source zone remediation: Density conversion and recovery in heterogeneous aquifer cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 3176-3187.
11. Robert, T.; Martel, R.; Conrad, S. H.; Lefebvre, R.; Gabriel, U. Visualization of TCE recovery mechanisms using surfactant-polymer solutions in a two-dimensional heterogeneous sand model. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2006, 86, 3-31.
12. Jin, M.; Hiraskai, G. J.; Jackson, R. E.; Kostarelos, K.; Pope, G. A. Control of downward migration of dense nonaqueous phase liquid during surfactant flooding by design simulations. Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43, W01412;DOI:10.1029/2006WR004858.
13. Chatzis, I.; Morrow, N. R. Correlation of capillary number relationships for sandstone. Soc. Pet. Eng. J. 1984, 5, 555-562.
14. Gupta, D. K.; Mohanty, K. K. A laboratory study of surfactant flushing of DNAPL in the presence of macroemulsion. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 2836-2843.
15. Abriola, L. M.; Drummond, C. D.; Hahn, E. J.; Hayes, K. F.; Kibbey, T. C. G.; Lemke, L. D.; Pennell, K. D.; Petrovskis, E. A.; Ramsburg, C. A.; Rathfelder, K. M. Pilot-scale demonstration of surfactant-enhanced PCE solubilization at the Bachman road site. 1. Site characterization and test design. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 1778-1790.
16. Childs, J. D.; Acosta, E.; Knox, R.; Harwell, J. H.; Sabatini, D. A. Improving the extraction of tetrachloroethylene from soil columns using surfactant gradient systems. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2004, 71, 27-45.
17. Miller, C. T.; Hill, E. H.; Moutier, M. Remediation of DNAPL-contaminated subsurface systems using density-motivated mobilization. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 719-724.
18. Ramsburg, C. A.; Pennell, K. D.; Kibbey, T. C. G.; Hayes, K. F. Refinement of the density modified displacement method for efficient treatment of tetrachloroethene (PCE) source zones. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2004, 74, 105-131.
19. Delshad, M.; Pope, G. A.; Sepehrnoori, K. A compositional simulator for modeling surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation. 1. Formulation. J. Contam. Hydrol. 1996, 23, 303-327.
20. White, M. D.; Oostrom, M. Modeling surfactant-enhanced nonaqueous-phase liquid remediation of porous media. Soil Sci. 1998, 163, 931-940.
21. Oostrom, M.; Hofstee, C.; Walker, R. C.; Dane, J. H. Movement and remediation of trichloroethylene in a saturated, heterogeneous porous medium 2. Pump-and-treat and surfactant flushing. J. Contam. Hydrol. 1999, 37, 179-197.
22. Wu, W. J.; Delshad, M.; Oolman, T.; Pope, G. A. Remedial options for creosote-contaminated sites. Ground Water Monitor. Remed. 2000, 20, 78-86.
23. Abriola, L. M.; Lang, J.; Rathfelder, K. MI Soil Vapor Extraction Remediation (MISER) Model: A Computer Program to Model Soil Vapor Extraction and Bioventing of Organic Chemicals in Unsaturated Geologic Materials; EPA/600/R-97/099 National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Ada, OK, 1997.
24. Phelan, T. J. Subsurface compositional simulation incorporating solute-chemistry dependent interfacial properties. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 2004.
25. Rathfelder, K. M.; Abriola, L. M.; Taylor, T. P.; Pennell, K. D. Surfactant enhanced recovery of tetrachloroethylene from a porous medium containing low permeability lenses. 2. Numerical simulation. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2001, 48, 351-374.
26. Riddick, J. A.; Bunger, W. B. Techniques of Chemistry, In Organic Solvents: Physical Properties and Methods of Purification, 33rd ed.; Weissburger A., Ed.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1970, Vol. 2.
27. Holland, P. M.; Rubingh, D. N. Mixed Surfactant Systems; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1992.
28. Celia, M. A.; Bouloutas, E. T.; Zarba, R. L. A general mass conservative numerical solution for the unsaturated flow equation. Water Resour. Res. 1990, 26, 1483-1496.
29. Aziz, K.; Settari, A. Petroleum Reservoir Simulation; Applied Science Publishers: London, 1979.
30. Van Genuchten, M. T. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1980, 44, 892-898.
31. Cinar, Y.; Orr, F. M. Measurement of three-phase relative permeability with IFT variation. SPE Reservoir Eval. Eng. 2005, 8, 33-43.
32. Mualem, Y. New model for predicting hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resour. Res. 1976, 12, 513-522.
33. Burdine, N. T. Relative permeability calculations from pore size distribution data. Trans. Am. Inst. Mining Metall. Eng. 1953, 198, 71-78.
34. Mayer, A. S.; Zhong, L. R.; Pope, G. A. Measurement of mass-transfer rates for surfactant-enhanced solubilization of non-aqueous phase liquids. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 2965-2972.
35. Suchomel, E. J.; Ramsburg, C. A.; Pennell, K. D. Comparison of trichloroethene recovery processes in heterogeneous aquifer cells flushed with biodegradable surfactants. J. Contam. Hydrol. In press.
36. Okuda, I.; Mcbride, J. F.; Gleyzer, S. N.; Miller, C. T. Physicochemical transport processes affecting the removal of residual DNAPL by nonionic surfactant solutions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 1852-1860.
37. Jain, V.; Demond, A. H. Conductivity reduction due to emulsification during surfactant enhanced-aquifer remediation. 2. Formation of emulsion in situ. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 5434-5440.
38. Imhoff, P. T.; Thyrum, G. P.; Miller, C. T. Dissolution fingering during the solubilization of nonaqueous phase liquids in saturated porous media. 2. Experimental observations. Water Resour. Res. 1996, 32, 1929-1942.
39. Willson, C. S.; Hall, J. L.; Miller, C. T.; Imhoff, P. T. Factors affecting bank formation during surfactant-enhanced mobilization of residual NAPL. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 2440-2446.