Beyond nature and nurture: The influence of lay gender theories on self-stereotyping

Self and Identity

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 34-53

  Coleman, Jill M ^a   Hong, Ying Yi ^b  

^a MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 36849047976     PISSN: 15298868     EISSN: 15298876     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15298860600980185     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bastian, B. and Haslam, N. (2006) Psychological essentialism and stereotype endorsement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42:2, pp. 228-235.
2. Bem, S. (1974) The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42:2, pp. 155-162.
3. Biernat, M., Vescio, T. K. and Green, M. L. (1996) Selective self-stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, pp. 1194-1209.
4. Bohan, J. S. (2002) Sex differences and/in the self: Classic themes, feminist variations, postmodern challenges. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, pp. 74-88.
5. Branscombe, N. R. and Wann, D. L. (1994) Collective self-esteem consequences of outgroup derogation when a valued social identity is on trial. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, pp. 641-657.
6. Castano, E., Yzerbyt, V., Paladino, M. -P. and Sacchi, S. (2002) I belong, therefore, I exist: Ingroup identification, ingroup entitativity, and ingroup bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28:2, pp. 135-143.
7. Chiu, C., Hong, Y. and Dweck, C. (1997) Lay dispositionism and implicit theories of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73:1, pp. 19-30.
8. Condor, S. (1989) Biting into the future: Social change and the social identity of women. The social identity of women, Sage, London
9. Deaux, K. and Stewart, A. J. (2001) Framing gendered identities. The handbook of gender and psychology, pp. 84-97. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ
10. Dweck, C., Chiu, C. and Hong, Y. (1995) Implicit theories and their role in judgments and reactions: A world from two perspectives. Psychological Inquiry, 6, pp. 267-285.
11. Eagly, A. H. and Wood, W. (1991) Explaining sex differences in social behavior: A meta-analytic perspective. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17:3, pp. 306-315.
12. Eagly, A. H. and Wood, W. (1999) The origins of sex differences in human behavior: Evolved dispositions versus social roles. American Psychologist, 54:6, pp. 408-423.
13. Ellemers, N., Spears, R. and Doosje, B. (1997) Sticking together or falling apart: Ingroup identification as a psychological determinant of group commitment versus individual mobility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72:3, pp. 617-626.
14. Foels, R. and Pappas, C. J. (2004) Learning and unlearning the myths we are taught: Gender and social dominance orientation. Sex Roles, 50:11, pp. 743-757.
15. Gelman, S. A. and Wellman, H. (1990) Insides and essences: Early understandings of the non-obvious. Cognition, 38, pp. 213-244.
16. Glick, P. and Fiske, S. T. (1996) The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70:3, pp. 491-512.
17. Haslam, N. and Levy, S. R. (2006) Essentialist beliefs about homosexuality: Structure and implications for prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32:4, pp. 471-485.
18. Haslam, N., Rothschild, L. and Ernst, D. (2000) Essentialist beliefs about social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, pp. 113-127.
19. Haslam, N., Rothschild, L. and Ernst, D. (2002) Are essentialist beliefs associated with prejudice?. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, pp. 87-100.
20. Heider, F. (1958) The psychology of interpersonal relations, Wiley, New York
21. Hogg, M. A. and Abrams, D. (1988) Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes, Routledge, London
22. Hong, Y. Y., Chan, G., Chiu, C., Wong, R. Y. M., Hansen, I. G. and Lee, S. (2003) How are social identities linked to self-conception and intergroup orientation? The moderating effect of implicit theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85:6, pp. 1147-1160.
23. Hong, Y. Y., Chiu, C., Yeung, G. and Tong, Y. (1999) Social comparison during the political transition: Interaction of entity versus incremental beliefs and social identities. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23, pp. 257-279.
24. Hong, Y. Y., Coleman, J. M., Chan, G., Wong, R. Y. M., Hansen, I. G. and Chiu, C. (2004) Predicting prejudice: The interactive role of implicit theory and social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30:8, pp. 1035-1047.
25. Jayaratne, T. E., Ybarra, O., Sheldon, J. P., Brown, T. N., Feldbaum, M. and Pfeffer, C. A. (2006) White Americans' genetic lay theories of race differences and sexual orientation: Their relationship with prejudice toward Blacks, and gay men and lesbians. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 9:1, pp. 77-94.
26. Keller, J. (2005) In genes we trust: The biological component of psychological essentialism and its relationship to mechanisms of motivated social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88:4, pp. 686-702.
27. Levy, S. R., Stroessner, S. J. and Dweck, C. S. (1998) Stereotype formation and endorsement: The role of implicit theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, pp. 1421-1436.
28. Luhtanen, R. and Crocker, J. (1992) A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18:3, pp. 302-318.
29. Mahalingam, R. and Rodriguez, J. (2003) Essentialism, power and cultural psychology of gender. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 3:2, pp. 157-174.
30. Martin, C. L. and Parker, S. (1995) Folk theories about sex and race differences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21:1, pp. 45-57.
31. Pickett, C. L., Bonner, B. L. and Coleman, J. M. (2002) Motivated self-stereotyping: Heightened assimilation and differentiation needs result in increased levels of self-stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, pp. 543-562.
32. Schmader, T. (2002) Gender identification moderates stereotype threat effects on women's math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38:2, pp. 194-201.
33. Sidanius, J. and Pratto, F. (1999) Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression, Cambridge University Press, New York
34. Smith, E. R. and Henry, S. (1996) An in-group becomes part of the self: Response time evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22:6, pp. 635-642.
35. Spears, R., Doosje, B. and Ellemers, N. (1997) Self-stereotyping in the face of threats to group status and distinctiveness: The role of group identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, pp. 538-553.
36. Spelke, E. S. (2005) Sex differences in intrinsic aptitude for mathematics and science?. American Psychologist, 60, pp. 950-958.
37. Spence, J. T. (1993) Gender-related traits and gender ideology: Evidence for a multifactorial theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64:4, pp. 624-635.
38. Summers, L. (2005) Remarks at NBER Conference on diversifying the science and engineering workforce Cambridge, MA
39. Taylor, M. G. and Gelman, S. A. (1991) Children's beliefs about sex differences: The role of nature versus nurture. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development Seattle, WA
40. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D. and Wetherell, M. S. (1987) Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory, Blackwell, Oxford, UK
41. Unger, R. K. (1979) Toward a redefinition of sex and gender. American Psychologist, 34, pp. 1085-1094.
42. Yzerbyt, V. Y., Estrada, C., Corneille, O., Seron, E. and Demoulin, S. (2004) Subjective essentialism in action: Self-anchoring and social control as consequences of fundamental social divides. The psychology of group perception: Perceived variability, entitativity, and essentialism, Psychology Press, Hove, UK
43. Yzerbyt, V. Y., Rocher, S. J. and Schadron, G. (1997) Stereotypes as explanations: A subjective essentialistic view of group perception. The social psychology of stereotyping and group life, pp. 20-50. Blackwell, Oxford, UK