Cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity as mortality predictors in older adults

JAMA

Volumn 298, Issue 21, 2007, Pages 2507-2516

  Sui, Xuemei ^a   LaMonte, Michael J ^b   Laditka, James N ^a   Hardin, James W ^a   Chase, Nancy ^a   Hooker, Steven P ^a   Blair, Steven N ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; BODY FAT; BODY MASS; CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTION; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; FITNESS; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL EXAMINATION; MORTALITY; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX RATIO; TREADMILL EXERCISE; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

EID: 36849035440     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: 15383598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.21.2507     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Lurie N. Healthy People 2010: setting the nation's public health agenda. Acad Med. 2000;75(1):12-13.
2. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA. 2006;295(13):1549-1555.
3. Rosamond W, Flegal K, Friday G, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2007 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2007;115(5):e69-e171.
4. Carnethon MR, Gulati M, Greenland P. Prevalence and cardiovascular disease correlates of low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents and adults. JAMA. 2005;294(23):2981-2988.
5. Schoenborn CA, Adams PF, Barnes PM, Vickerie JL, Schiller JS. Health behaviors of adults: United States, 1999-2001. Vital Health Stat 10. 2004;(219):1-79.
6. Fleg JL, Morrell CH, Bos AG, et al. Accelerated longitudinal decline of aerobic capacity in healthy older adults. Circulation. 2005;112(5):674-682.
7. Anderson LH, Martinson BC, Crain AL, et al. Health care charges associated with physical inactivity, overweight, and obesity. Prev Chronic Dis. 2005;2(4):A09.
8. National Institutes of Health. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults - the evidence report. Obes Res. 1998;6(suppl 2):51S-209S.
9. Hu FB, Willett WC, Li T, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Manson JE. Adiposity as compared with physical activity in predicting mortality among women. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(26):2694-2703.
10. Meyer HE, Sogaard AJ, Tverdal A, Selmer RM. Body mass index and mortality: the influence of physical activity and smoking. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(7):1065-1070.
11. Hu G, Tuomilehto J, Silventoinen K, Barengo N, Jousilahti P. Joint effects of physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio with the risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged Finnish men and women. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(24):2212-2219.
12. Wei M, Kampert JB, Barlow CE, et al. Relationship between low cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in normal-weight, overweight, and obese men. JAMA. 1999;282(16):1547-1553.
13. Lee CD, Blair SN, Jackson AS. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69(3):373-380.
14. Katzmarzyk PT, Janssen I, Ardern CI. Physical inactivity, excess adiposity and premature mortality. Obes Rev. 2003;4(4):257-290.
15. Stevens J, Cai J, Evenson KR, Thomas R. Fitness and fatness as predictors of mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease in men and women in the lipid research clinics study. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156(9):832-841.
16. Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Zoico E, et al. Health consequences of obesity in the elderly: a review of four unresolved questions. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29(9):1011-1029.
17. Schooling CM, Lam TH, Li ZB, et al. Obesity, physical activity, and mortality in a prospective Chinese elderly cohort. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(14):1498-1504.
18. Lindqvist P, Andersson K, Sundh V, Lissner L, Bjorkelund C, Bengtsson C. Concurrent and separate effects of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio on 24-year mortality in the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg: evidence of age-dependency. Eur J Epidemiol. 2006;21(11):789-794.
19. Adams KF, Schatzkin A, Harris TB, et al. Overweight, obesity, and mortality in a large prospective cohort of persons 50 to 71 years old. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(8):763-778.
20. Hjarta° ker A, Adami HO, Lund E, Weiderpass E. Body mass index and mortality in a prospectively studied cohort of Scandinavian women: the women's life-style and health cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2005;20(9):747-754.
21. Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA. 2005;293(15):1861-1867.
22. Baik I, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, et al. Adiposity and mortality in men. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;152(3):264-271.
23. Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Ross R. Body mass index is inversely related to mortality in older people after adjustment for waist circumference. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(12):2112-2118.
24. Visscher TL, Seidell JC, Molarius A, van der Kuip D, Hofman A, Witteman JC. A comparison of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as predictors of all-cause mortality among the elderly: the Rotterdam study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(11):1730-1735.
25. Folsom AR, Kushi LH, Anderson KE, et al. Associations of general and abdominal obesity with multiple health outcomes in older women: the Iowa Women's Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(14):2117-2128.
26. Gale CR, Martyn CN, Cooper C, Sayer AA. Grip strength, body composition, and mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36(1):228-235.
27. Dolan CM, Kraemer H, Browner W, Ensrud K, Kelsey JL. Associations between body composition, anthropometry, and mortality in women aged 65 years and older. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(5):913-918.
28. Haskell WL, Leon AS, Caspersen CJ, et al. Cardiovascular benefits and assessment of physical activity and physical fitness in adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992;24(6)(suppl):S201-S220.
29. Jackson AS, Pollock ML. Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. Br J Nutr. 1978;40:497-504.
30. Bray GA. Fat distribution and body weight. Obes Res. 1993;1(3):203-205.
31. Gibbons LW, Mitchell TL, Wei M, Blair SN, Cooper KH. Maximal exercise test as a predictor of risk for mortality from coronary heart disease in asymptomatic men. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86(1):53-58.
32. Balke B, Ware RW. An experimental study of physical fitness in Air Force personnel. U S Armed Forces Med J. 1959;10(6):675-688.
33. Blair SN, Kohl HW III, Barlow CE, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Gibbons LW, Macera CA. Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men. JAMA. 1995;273(14):1093-1098.
34. Sui X, LaMonte MJ, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of nonfatal cardiovascular events in asymptomatic women and men. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(12):1413-1423.
35. Pollock ML, Bohannon RL, Cooper KH, et al. A comparative analysis of four protocols for maximal treadmill stress testing. Am Heart J. 1976;92(1):39-46.
36. Pollock ML, Foster C, Schmidt D, Hellman C, Linnerud AC, Ward A. Comparative analysis of physiologic responses to three different maximal graded exercise test protocols in healthy women. Am Heart J. 1982;103(3):363-373.
37. Blair SN, Wei M. Sedentary habits, health, and function in older women and men. Am J Health Promot. 2000;15(1):1-8.
38. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Guidelines For Exercise Testing And Prescription. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
39. Barlow CE, Kohl HW III, Gibbons LW, Blair SN. Physical fitness, mortality and obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1995;19:S41-S44.
40. Church TS, Cheng YJ, Earnest CP, et al. Exercise capacity and body composition as predictors of mortality among men with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(1):83-88.
41. Elia M. Obesity in the elderly. Obes Res. 2001;9(suppl 4):244S-248S.
42. US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Dept of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1996.
43. Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 1995;273(5):402-407.
44. Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, et al. Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(1):72-77.
45. Sasaki H, Kasagi F, Yamada M, Fujita S. Grip strength predicts cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and elderly persons. Am J Med. 2007;120(4):337-342.
46. Blair SN, Kampert JB, Kohl HW III, et al. Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women. JAMA. 1996;276(3):205-210.