Toolkit composition and assemblage variability: The implications of Nogahabara I, Northern Alaska

American Antiquity

Volumn 72, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 691-717

  Odess, Daniel ^a   Rasic, Jeffrey T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA MUSEUM   (United States)

^b NATIONAL PARK SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 36749100567     PISSN: 00027316     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/25470441     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Adovasio, James M., and David R. Pedler 2004 Pre-Clovis Sites and Their Implications for Human Occupation before the Last Glacial Maximum. In Entering America: Northeast Asia and Beringia Before the Last Glacial Maximum, edited by David B. Madsen, pp. 139-158. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
2. Ammerman, Albert J., and Marcus W. Feldman 1974 On the "Making" of an Assemblage of Stone Tools. American Antiquity 39:610-616.
3. Andrefsky, William J., Jr. 1994 Raw Material Availability and the Organization of Technology. American Antiquity 59:21-35.
4. Ascher, Robert 1968 Time's Arrow and the Archaeology of a Contemporary Community. In Settlement Archaeology, edited by K. C. Chang, pp. 43-52. National Press Books, Palo Alto, California.
5. Balfour, Henry R. 1951 A Native Tool Kit from the Kimberly District, Western Australia. Mankind 4:273-274.
6. Balikci, Asen 1970 The Netsilik Eskimo. Natural History Press, Garden City, New York.
7. Bamforth, Douglas B. 1986 Technological Efficiency and Tool Curation. American Antiquity 51:38-50.
8. 1990 Settlement, Raw Material, and Lithic Procurement in the Central Mojave Desert. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9:70-104.
9. 1991 Technological Organization and Hunter-Gatherer Land Use: A California Example. American Antiquity 56:216-234.
10. 2003 Rethinking the Role of Bifacial Technology in Paleoindian Adaptations on the Great Plains. In Multiple Approaches to the Study of Bifacial Technologies, edited by Marie Soressi and Harold L. Dibble. University Museum Monograph 115. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia. Bamforth,
11. Douglas B., and Mark S. Becker 2000 Core/Biface Ratios, Mobility, Refitting, and Artifact Use-Lives: A Paleoindian Example. Plains Anthropologist 45(173):273-290.
12. Bettinger, Robert L. 1979 Curation, Statistics, and Settlement Studies: A Reply to Munday and Lincoln. American Antiquity 44:352-359.
13. Bettinger, Robert L., David B. Madsen, and Robert G. Elston 1994 Prehistoric Settlement Categories and Settlement Systems in the Alashan Desert of Inner Mongolia, PRC. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:74-101.
14. Binford, Lewis R. 1976 Forty-Seven Trips: A Case Study in the Character of Some Formation Processes of the Archaeological Record. In Contributions to Anthropology: The Interior Peoples of Northern Alaska, edited by Edwin S. Hall, Jr. pp. 300-351. Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper 49. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.
15. 1978a Dimensional Analysis of Behavior and Site Structure: Learning from an Eskimo Hunting Stand. American Antiquity 43:330-361.
16. 1978b Nunamiut Ethnoarchaeology. Academic Press, New York.
17. 1979 Organization and Formation Processes: Looking at Curated Technologies. Journal of Anthropological Research 35:255-273.
18. 1981 Behavioral Archaeology and the "Pompeii Premise." Journal of Anthropological Research 37(3): 195-208.
19. Binford, Lewis R., and Sally R. Binford 1966 A Preliminary Analysis of Functional Variability in the Mousterian of the Levallois Facies. American Anthropologist 68:238-295.
20. Boldurian, Anthony T. 1991 Folsom Mobility and Organization of Lithic Technology: A View from Blackwater Draw, New Mexico. Plains Anthropologist 36:281-296.
21. Bordes, Francois, and Denise de Sonneville-Bordes 1970 The Significance of Variability in Palaeolithic Assemblages. World Archaeology 2(1):61-73.
22. Bortenschlager, Sigmar, and Klaus Oeggl (editors) 2000 The Iceman and His Natural Environment. SpringerVerlag, Vienna.
23. Bowers, Peter M., Robson Bonnichsen, and David M. Hoch 1983 Flake Dispersal Experiments: Noncultural Transformation of the Archaeological Record. American Antiquity 48:553-572.
24. Bradley, Bruce A., and Dennis J. Stanford 2004 The North Atlantic Ice-Edge Corridor: A Possible Paleolithic Route to die New World. World Archaeology 36(4)459-478.
25. Clark, Donald W 1977 Hahanudan Lake: An Ipiutak-Related Occupation of Western Interior Alaska. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.
26. Clark, Donald W., and Annette McFadyen Clark 1993 Batza Téna: Trail to Obsidian. Archaeological Survey of Canada Mercury Series, Paper 147. Canadian Museum of Civilization, Hull.
27. Collard, Mark, Michael Kemery, and Samantha Banks 2005 Causes of Toolkit Variation among Hunter-Gatherers: A Test of Four Competing Hypotheses. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 29:1-19.
28. Deller, D. Brian, and Christopher J. Ellis 1984 Crowfield: A Preliminary Report on a Probable PaleoIndian Cremation in Southwestern Ontario. Archaeology of Eastern North America 12:41-71.
29. 2001 Evidence for Late Paleo-Indian Ritual from the Caradoc Site (AfHj-104), Southwestern Ontario, Canada. American Antiquity 66:267-284.
30. Fiedel, Stuart J. 1999 Older Than We Thought: Implications of Corrected Dates for Paleoindians. American Antiquity 64:95-115.
31. 2002 Initial Human Colonization of the Americas: An Overview of the Issues and Evidence. Radiocarbon 44(2)407-436.
32. Frison, George C. 1968 A Functional Analysis of Certain Chipped Stone Tools. American Antiquity 33:149-155.
33. Frison, George C., and Bruce A. Bradley 1980 Folsom Tools and Technology at the Hanson Site, Wyoming. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
34. 1999 The Fenn Cache: ClovisWeapons and Tools. One Horse Land & Cattle Company, Santa Fe.
35. Gary, Mark A., and Deborah L. McLear-Gary 1990 The Caballo Blanco Biface Cache, Mendocino
36. County, California (CA-MEN-1608). Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 12(1): 19-27.
37. Geib, Phil R. 2004 AMS Dating of a Basketmaker II Hunter's Bag (Cache 1) from Sand Dune Cave, Utah. Kiva 69(3):271-282.
38. Goodyear, Albert C. 1979 A Hypothesis for the Use of Cryptocrystalline Raw Materials among Paleoindian Groups of North America. South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Research Manuscript Series 156, Columbia.
39. 1993 Toolkit Entropy and Bipolar Reduction: A Study of Interassemblage Lithic Variability among Paleo-Indian Sites in the Northeastern United States. North American Archaeologist 14:1-23.
40. Grønnow, Bjarne 1996 The Saqqaq Tool Kit - Technological and Chronological Evidence from Qeqertasussuk, Disko Bugt. In The Paleo-Eskimo Cultures of Greenland: New Perspectives in Greenlandic Archaeology, edited by B. Grønnow and J. Pind, pp. 17-34. Danish Polar Center Publication No. 1, Copenhagen.
41. Hall, Edwin S., Jr. 1976 Noatak Eskimo Tool Bag. Alaska Journal 6(4):230-234.
42. Hammatt, Hallett H. 1970 A Paleo-Indian Butchering Kit. American Antiquity 35:141-152.
43. Haynes, Gary 2002 The Early Settlement of North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
44. Hofman, Jack L. 1992 Recognition and Interpretation of Folsom Technological Variability on the Southern Plains. In Ice Age Hunters of the Rockies, edited by Dennis J. Stanford and Jane S. Day, pp. 193-224. University Press of Colorado. Niwot.
45. 1995 Dating Folsom Occupations on the Southern Plains. Journal of Field Archaeology 22(4):421-437.
46. 2003 Tethered to Stone or Freedom to Move: Folsom Biface Technology in Regional Perspective. In Multiple Approaches to the Study of Bifacial Technologies, edited by Marie Soressi and Harold J. Dibble. University Museum Monograph 115. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia.
47. Holliday, Vance T. 2000 The Evolution of Paleoindian Geochronology and Typology on the Great Plains. Geoarchaeology 15(3):227-290.
48. Holliday, Vance T., Eileen Johnson, and Thomas W. Stafford 1999 AMS Radiocarbon Dating of the Type Plainview and Firstview Paleoindian Assemblages: The Agony and the Ecstasy. American Antiquity 64:444-454.
49. Jenness, Diamond 1946 Material Culture of the Copper Eskimo. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 Vol. XVI. King's Printer, Ottawa.
50. Keeley, Lawrence H. 1982 Hafting and Re-Tooling: Effects on the Archaeological Record. American Antiquity 47:798-809.
51. Kelly, Robert L. 1988 The Three Sides of a Biface. American Antiquity 53:717-734.
52. Kelly, Robert L., and Lawrence C. Todd 1988 Coming into the Country: Early Paleoindian Hunting and Mobility. American Antiquity 53:231-244.
53. Kilmarx, John N. 1990 Some Artifact Sets from Mound 44. In Excavation of a Prehistoric Catastrophe: A Preserved Household from the Utqiagvik Village, Barrow, Alaska, edited by Daniel F. Cassedy, Albert A. Dekin, John N. Kilmarx, Raymond R. Newell, Christopher R. Polglase, Gregory A. Reinhardt, and Beth L. Turcy. pp. 211-226. North Slope Borough Commission on Lupiat History, Language and Culture, Barrow, Alaska.
54. Kuhn, Steven L. 1994 A Formal Approach to the Design and Assembly of Mobile Toolkits. American Antiquity 59:426-442.
55. Larson, Mary Lou, and Marcel Kornfeld 1997 Chipped Stone Nodules: Theory, Method, and Examples. Lithic Technology 22( 1):4-17.
56. Lawn, Brian R., and David B. Marshall 1979 Mechanics of Microcontact Fracture in Brittle Solids. In Lithic Use-Wear Analysis, edited by Brian Hayden, pp. 63-82. Academic Press, New York.
57. MacDonald, George F. 1968 Debert: A Paleoindian Site in Central Nova Scotia. National Museums of Canada, Anthropology Paper 16, Ottawa.
58. Matheus, Paul 1995 Diet and Co-Ecology of Short-Faced Bears and Brown Bears in Eastern Beringia: Stable Isotope Data and a Reconsideration of Arctodus' Foraging Ecology. Quaternary Research 44447-453.
59. Miller, Mark E., Michael D. Stafford, and George W. Brox 1991 The John Gale Site Biface Cache. Plains Anthropologist 36(133):43-56.
60. Morse, Dan F. 1996 Sloan: A Paleoindian Dalton Cemetery in Arkansas. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. D.C.
61. Murdoch, John 1892 Ethnological Results of the Point Barrow Expedition. Ninth annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1887-88. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
62. Nelson, Margaret C. 1991 The Study of Technological Organization. In Archaeological Method and Theory, edited by Michael B. Schiffer, pp. 57-100. Vol. 3, University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
63. Newcomer, Mark H., and Gale de G. Sieveking 1980 Experimental Flake-Scatter Patterns: A New Interpretive Technique. Journal of Field Archaeology 7:345-352.
64. O'Connell, James F. 1987 Alyawara Site Structure and Its Archaeological Implications. American Antiquity 52(1):74- 108.
65. Oswalt, Wendell H. 1973 Habitat and Technology: The Evolution of Hunting. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.
66. 1976 An Anthropological Analysis of Food-Getting Technology. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
67. Pecora. Albert M. 2001 Chipped Stone Tool Production Strategies and Lithic Debris Patterns. In Lithic Debitage: Context, Form, Meaning, edited by William Andrefsky, Jr., pp. 173-191. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
68. Reimer, Paula J., Mike G. L. Baillie, Edouard Bard, Alex Bayliss, J. Warren Beck, Chanda Bertrand, Paul G. Blackwell, Caitlin E. Buck, George Burr, Kirsten B. Cutler, Paul E. Damon, R. Lawrence Edwards, Richard G. Fairbanks, Michaeil Friedrich, Thomas P. Guilderson, Alan G. Hogg, Konrad A. Hughen, Bernd Kromer, Gerry McCormac, Sturt Manning, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Ron W. Reimer, Sabine Remmele, John R. Southon. Minze Stuiver, Sahra Talamo, F. W Taylor, Johannes van der Plicht, and Constanze E. Weyhenmeyer
69. 2004 IntCal04 Terrestrial Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 26-0 ka BP. Radiocarbon 46:1029-1058.
70. Rolland, Nicolas, and Harold Dibble 1990 A New Synthesis of Middle Paleolithic Variability. American Antiquity 55:480-499.
71. Root, Matthew J. 2004 Technological Analysis of Flake Debris and the Limitations of Size-Grade Techniques. In Aggregate Analysis in Chipped Stone, edited by Christopher T. Hall and Mary Lou Larson, pp. 65-94. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
72. Root, Mathew J., Jerry D. William, Marvin Kay, and Lisa K. Shifrin
73. 1999 Folsom Ultrathin and Radial Break Tools in the Knife River Flint Quarry Area. In Folsom Lithic Technology, edited by Daniel S. Amick, pp. 144-168. Vol. 12, International Monographs in Prehistory, Archaeological Series, Ann Arbor.
74. Schick, Kathy D. 1986 Stone Age Sites in the Making. BAR International Series 319. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.
75. Schiffer, Michael B. 1972 Archaeological Context and Systemic Context. American Antiquity 37:156-165.
76. 1987 Formation Processes of the Archaeological Record. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
77. Shackley, Myra L. 1974 Stream Abrasion of Flint Implements. Nature 248:501-502.
78. Shott, Michael J. 1986 Technological Organization and Settlement Mobility: An Ethnographic Examination. Journal of Anthropological Research 42(1) : 15-51.
79. Skinner, Craig E. 2003 X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Artifact Obsidian from the Nogahabara Dunes Site (KAT-00006), Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Northwest Research Obsidian Studies Laboratory Report 2003-106. Copies available from the University of Alaska Museum.
80. Skinner, Carl N. 2002 Fire Regimes and Fire History: Implications for Obsidian Hydration Dating. In The Effects of Fire and Heat on Obsidian, edited by Janine M. Loyd, Thomas M. Origer and David A. Fredrickson. U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Cultural Resources Publication, Anthropology-Fire History, Sacramento.
81. Stanford, Dennis J., and Frank Broilo 1981 Frank's Folsom Campsite. The Artifact 19(3-4): 1-11.
82. Stiner, Mary C., Steven L. Kuhn, Stephen Weiner, and Ofer BarYosef
83. 1995 Differential Burning, Recrystallization, and Fragmentation of Archaeological Bone. Journal of Archaeological Science 22(2):223-237.
84. Sullivan, Alan P., III 1992 Investigating the Archaeological Consequences of Short-Duration Occupations. American Antiquity 57(1):99-115.
85. Tomka, Steve A. 2001 The Effect of Processing Requirements on Reduction Strategies and Tool Form: A New Perspective. In Lithic Debitage: Context, Form, Meaning, edited by William Andrefsky, Jr, pp. 207-224. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
86. Torrence, Robin 1983 Time Budgeting and Hunter-Gatherer Economy. In Hunter-Gatherer Economy in Prehistory, edited by Geoff N. Bailey, pp. 11-22. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
87. Towner, Ronald H., and Miranda Warburton 1990 Projectile Point Rejuvenation: A Technological Analysis. Journal of Field Archaeology 17:311-321.
88. Wilke, Philip J., J. Jeffrey Flenniken, and Terry L. Ozbun 1991 Clovis Technology at the Anzik Site, Montana. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 13(2):242-272.
89. Winters, Howard D. 1969 The Riverton Culture: A Second Millennium Occupation in the Central Wabash Valley. Report of Investigations No. 13, Illinois State Museum, Springfield.
90. Yellen, John 1977 Archaeological Approaches to the Present: Models for Reconstructing the Past. Academic Press, New York.