Capsule endoscopy: A comprehensive review

Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica

Volumn 53, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 257-272

  Li, F ^a   Leighton, J A ^a   Sharma, V K ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

Crohn disease; Endoscopy; Esophageal diseases; Gastrointestinal bleeding; Gastrointestinal diseases; Wireless capsule endoscopy

Indexed keywords

NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PROKINETIC AGENT;

BARRETT ESOPHAGUS; CANCER SCREENING; CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY; CELIAC DISEASE; CLINICAL FEATURE; COLITIS; COLON CANCER; COLON POLYP; CROHN DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DYSPHAGIA; ENTEROPATHY; ESOPHAGUS VARICES; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; GASTROINTESTINAL RADIOGRAPHY; GASTROINTESTINAL TUMOR; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; REVIEW; SEDATION; SMALL INTESTINE OBSTRUCTION;

CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY; ENDOSCOPES; ENDOSCOPES, GASTROINTESTINAL; ENDOSCOPY, GASTROINTESTINAL; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES; HUMANS;

EID: 36749093410     PISSN: 00264776     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Seensalu R. The sonde exam. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1999;9:37-59.
2. Taylor AC, Chen RY, Desmond PV. Use of an overtube for enteroscopy:does it increase depth of insertion? A prospective study of enteroscopy with and without an overtube. Endoscopy 2001;33:227-30.
3. Harewood GC, Gostout CJ, Farrell MA, Knipschield MA. Prospective controlled assessment of variable stiffness enteroscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;58:267-71.
4. Keizman D, Brill S, Umansky M, Rattan Y, Hallak A, Halpern Z et al. Diagnostic yield of routine push enteroscopy with a graded-stiffness enteroscope without overtube. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:877-81.
5. Appleyard M, Glukhovsky A, Swain P. Wireless-capsule diagnostic endoscopy for recurrent small-bowel bleeding. N Engl J Med 2001;344:232-3.
6. Iddan G, Meron G, Glukhovsky A, Swain P. Wireless capsule endoscopy. Nature 2000;405:417.
7. Cave D, Fleischer D, Heigh R, Leighton J, Sharma V, Hibberd P et al. First study involving simultaneous ingestion of two video capsules (VCs): a comparison of Olympus VC and Given Imagaing VC in the detection of obscure GI bleeding (OGIB). Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:AB171.
8. Marmo R, Rotondano G, Piscopo R, Bianco MA, Cipolletta L. Meta-analysis: capsule enteroscopy vs conventional modalities in diagnosis of small bowel diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:595-604.
9. Mishkin DS, Chuttani R, Croffie J, Disario J, Liu J, Shah R et al.; Technology Assessment Committee, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. ASGE Technology Status Evaluation Report: wireless capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:539-45.
10. Eliakim R, Yassin K, Shlomi I, Suissa A, Eisen GM. A novel diagnostic tool for detecting oesophageal pathology: the PillCam oesophageal video capsule. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1083-9.
11. Leighton JA, Goldstein J, Hirota W, Jacobson BC, Johanson JF, Mallery JS et al. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;58:650-5.
12. Lewis BS. Small intestinal bleeding. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1994;23:67-91.
13. Foutch PG. Angiodysplasia of the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Gastroenterol 1993;88:807-18.
14. Lewis BS, Kornbluth A, Waye JD. Small bowel tumours: yield of enteroscopy. Gut 1991;32:763-5.
15. Bartram CI, Amess JA. The diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum by small bowel enema in the investigation of obscure intestinal bleeding. Br J Surg 1980;67:417-8.
16. Kwo PY, Tremaine WJ. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy: case discussion and review of the literature. Mayo Clin Proc 1995;70:55-61.
17. Pennazio M, Eisen G, Goldfarb N. ICCE consensus for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy 2005;37:1046-50.
18. Pennazio M, Santucci R, Rondonotti E, Abbiati C, Beccari G, Rossini FP et al. Outcome of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after capsule endoscopy: report of 100 consecutive cases. Gastroenterology 2004;126:643-53.
19. Carey EJ, Leighton JA, Heigh RI. A single center experience of 260 consecutive patients undergoing capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1-7.
20. Triester SL, Leighton JA, Leontiadis GI, Fleischer DE, Hara AK, Heigh RI et al. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:2407-18.
21. Apostolopoulos P, Giannakoulopoulou E, Papanikolau IS, Alexandrakis G, Papacharalampous X, Kalantzis C et al. M2A wireless capsule endoscopy versus enteroclysis: a prospective study in 68 patients with suspected small bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59(suppl 5):AB147.
22. Selby WS, Shakell N. A comparison between the M2A capsule and push enteroscopy for the investigation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;16:A29.
23. Demedts I, Gevers AM, Hiele M, Tak M. Wireless capsule enteroscopy is superior to push enteroscopy for identification of small intestinal source of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55 (1 Suppl 5):AB146.
24. Ell C, Remke S, May A, Helou L, Henrich R, Mayer G. The first prospective controlled trial comparing wireless capsule endoscopy with push enteroscopy in chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy 2002;34: 685-9.
25. Lewis BS, Swain P. Capsule endoscopy in the evaluation of patients with suspected small intestinal bleeding: Results of a pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:349-53.
26. Yousfi M, Sharma VK, Leighton JA, Fleischer DE. Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Gastroenterology 2002;122 (1 Suppl 4):A18.
27. Hartmann D, Schilling D, Bolz G, Hahne M, Jakobs R, Siegel E et al. Capsule endoscopy versus push enteroscopy in patients with occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Z Gastroenterol 2003;41:377-82.
28. Mata A, Bordas JM, Feu F, Gines A, Pellise M, Fernandez-Esparrach G et al. Wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a comparative study with push enteroscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:189-94.
29. Mylonaki M, Fritscher-Ravens A, Swain P. Wireless capsule endoscopy: a comparison with push enteroscopy in patients with gastroscopy and colonoscopy negative gastrointestinal bleeding. Gut 2003;52:1122-6.
30. Saurin J-C, Delvaux M, Gaudin J-L, Fassler I, Villarejo J, Vahedi K et al. Diagnostic value of endoscopic capsule in patients with obscure digestive bleeding: Blinded comparison with video push-enteroscopy. Endoscopy 2003;35:576-84.
31. Toth E, Fork FT, Almqvist P. Capsule enteroscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a prospective comparative study. International Conference on Capsule Endoscopy 2003, March, Berlin, Germany.
32. Van Gossum A, Hittelet A, Schmit A, Francois E, Deviere J. A prospective comparative study of push and wireless-capsule enteroscopy in patients with obscure digestive bleeding. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2003;66:199-205.
33. Adler DG, Knipschield M, Gostout C. A prospective comparison of capsule endoscopy and push enteroscopy in patients with GI bleeding of obscure origin. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:492-8.
34. Saunders MD, Nietsch HH, Lee SD, Tung B, Rulyak S, Kimmey MB. Capsule endoscopy (CE) versus push enteroscopy (PE) for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB): A randomized, singleblind, cross-over study. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59 (1 Suppl 5):AB100.
35. Costamagna G, Shah SK, Riccioni ME, Foschia F, Mutignani M, Perri V et al. A prospective trial comparing small bowel radiographs and video capsule endoscopy for suspected small bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2002;123:999-1005.
36. Carey EJ, Fleischer DE. Investigation of the small bowel in gastrointestinal bleeding: enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2005;34:719-34.
37. Hartmann D, Schmidt H, Bolz G, Schilling D, Kinzel F, Eickhoff A et al. A prospective two-center study comparing wireless capsule endoscopy with intraoperative enteroscopy in patients with obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:826-32.
38. Kornbluth A, Colombel JF, Leighton JA, Loftus E; ICCE. ICCE consensus for inflammatory bowel disease. Endoscopy 2005;37:1051-4.
39. Herrerias JM, Caunedo A, Rodriguez-Tellez M, Pellicer F, Herrerias JM Jr. Capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected Crohn's disease and negative endoscopy. Endoscopy 2003;35:564-8.
40. Dubcenco E, Jeejeebhoy K, Petroniene R, Zalev A, Gardiner G, Irvine J et al. Diagnosing Crohn's disease of the small bowel: should capsule endoscopy be used? CE vs. other diagnostic modalities. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59(5 Suppl S):AB174.
41. Scapa E, Jacob H, Lewkowicz S, Migdal M, Gat D, Gluckhovski A et al. Initial experience of wireless-capsule endoscopy for evaluating occult gastrointestinal bleeding and suspected small bowel pathology. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2776-9.
42. Caunedo A, Rodriguez-Tellez M, Garcia-Montes JM, Gomez-Rodriguez BJ, Guerrero J, Herrerias JM Jr et al. Usefulness of capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected small bowel disease. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2004;96:10-21.
43. Hara AK, Leighton JA, Sharma VK, Fleischer DE. Small bowel: preliminary comparison of capsule endoscopy with barium study and CT. Radiology 2004;230:260-5.
44. Mow WS, Lo SK, Targan SR, Dubinsky MC, Treyzon L, Abreu-Martin MT et al. Initial experience with wireless capsule enteroscopy in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:31-40.
45. Fireman Z, Mahajna E, Broide E, Shapiro M, Fich L, Sternberg A et al. Diagnosing small bowel Crohn's disease with wireless capsule endoscopy. Gut 2003;52:390-2.
46. Arguelles-Arias F, Caunedo A, Romero J, Sanchez A, Rodriguez-Tellez M, Pellicer FJ et al. The value of capsule endoscopy in pediatric patients with a suspicion of Crohn's disease. Endoscopy 2004;36:869-73.
47. Triester SL, Leighton JA, Leontiadis GI, Gurudu SR, Fleischer DE, Hara AK et al. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities in patients with non-stricturing small bowel Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:954-64.
48. Herrerias JM, Caunedo A, Rodriguez-Tellez M, Pellicer F, Herrerias JM Jr. Capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected Crohn's disease and negative endoscopy. Endoscopy 2003;35:564-8.
49. Eliakim R, Fischer D, Suissa A, Yassin K, Katz D, Guttman N et al. Wireless capsule video endoscopy is a superior diagnostic tool in comparison to barium follow-through and computerized tomography in patients with suspected Crohn's disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;15:363-7.
50. Buchman AL, Miller FH, Wallin A, Chowdhry AA, Ahn C. Videocapsule endoscopy versus barium contrast studies for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease recurrence involving the small intestine. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:2171-7.
51. Lo SK, Zaidel O, Tabibzadeh S, Papadakis KA, Treyzon L, Kimble J et al. Utility of wireless capsule enteroscopy (WCE) and IBD serology in re-classifying indeterminate colitis (IC). Gastroenterology 2003;124:S1310.
52. Mascarenhas-Saraiva M, Lopes LM. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is useful for diagnosis and monitoring of small bowel Crohn's disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:AB170.
53. rd International Conference on Capsule Endoscopy. Miami, FL: 2004;38A.
54. Goldstein JL, Eisen GM, Lewis B, Gralnek IM, Zlotnick S, Fort JG; Investigators. Video capsule endoscopy to prospectively assess small bowel injury with celecoxib, naproxen plus omeprazole, and placebo. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3:133-41.
55. Korman LY, Delvaux M, Gay G, Hagenmuller F, Keuchel M, Friedman S et al. Capsule endoscopy structured terminology (CEST): proposal of a standardized and structured terminology for reporting capsule endoscopy procedures. Endoscopy 2005;37:951-9.
56. Lewis B, Legnani P, Gralnek IM, Kornbluth A, Spiegel B. The Crohn's disease capsule endoscopic scoring index: a new disease activity scale. Gastroenterology 2004;126:A124.
57. Gralnek I, DeFranchis R, Seidman E, Leighton J, Legnani P, Ephrath H et al. Development and validation of a capule endoscopy scoring index for small bowel mucosal disease activity: the Lewis Score. Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the American College of Gastroenterology; ACG 2006, 20-25 October. The Venetian, Las Vegas, NV, USA; 2006:P689.
58. Cellier C, Green PH, Collin P, Murray J; ICCE. ICCE consensus for celiac disease. Endoscopy 2005;37:1055-9.
59. Green PH, Rubin M. Capsule endoscopy in celiac disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62:797-9.
60. Culliford A, Daly J, Diamond B, Rubin M, Green PH. The value of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with complicated celiac disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62:55-61.
61. Petroniene R, Dubcenco E, Baker JP, Ottaway CA, Tang SJ, Zanati SA et al. Given capsule endoscopy in celiac disease: evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:685-94.
62. Giuliani A, Caporale A, Teneriello F, Alessi G, Serpieri S, Sammartino P. Primary tumors of the small intestine. Int Surg 1985;70:331-4.
63. Schwartz GD, Barkin IS. Small bowel tumors. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2006;16:267-75.
64. Mylonaki M, Fritscher-Ravens A, Swain PC. Clinical results of wireless capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:AB146.
65. Rossini F, Pennazio M, Santucci R, Arrigoni A, Bertone A, Cavallero M et al. Capsule endoscopy: diagnostic yield and comparison with push enteroscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestional bleeding: the Italian multi-center experience. Endoscopy 2002;34 Suppl 2:A91.
66. Delvaux MM, Saurin JC, Gaudin JL, Fassler I, Bitoun A, Souquet JC et al. Comparison of wireless endoscopic capsule and push enteroscopy in patients with obscure occult/overt digestive bleeding: results of a prospective, blinded, multicenter trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:AB87.
67. Van Gossum A, Francois E, Schmit A, Deviere J. A prospective comparative study between push enteroscopy and wireless video capsule in patients with obscure digestive bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:AB88.
68. Cosentino F, Morandi E, Rubis Passoni G, Stillittano D. Wireless capsule endoscopy: limits and complications. Abstract book of the 2003 Meeting of the Italian Federation for Digestive Disease. Florence (Italy): 2003;53.
69. Sampliner RE. The Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy of Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1888-95.
70. Devesa SS, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF, Jr. Changing patterns in the incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma in the United States. Cancer 1998;83:2049-53.
71. Pera M, Cameron AJ, Trastek VF, Carpenter HA, Zinsmeister AR. Increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction. Gastroenterology 1993;104:510-3.
72. Bytzer P, Christensen PB, Damkier P, Vinding K, Seersholm N. Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and Barrett's Esophagus: a Population Based Study. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:86-91.
73. Sharma VK, Eliakim R, Sharma P, Faigel D; ICCE. ICCE consensus for esophageal capsule endoscopy. Endoscopy 2005;37:1060-4.
74. Eliakim R, Sharma VK, Yassin K, Adler SN, Jacob H, Cave DR et al. A prospective study of the diagnostic accuracy of PillCam ESO esophageal capsule endoscopy versus conventional upper endoscopy in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux diseases. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005;39:572-8.
75. Sharma P, Puli S, Rastogi A, Mathur S, Bansal A. Accuracy of wireless capsule endoscopy for the detection of Barrett's esophagus. DDW2006:S1812.
76. Lin O et al. Blinded comparison of esophageal capsule endoscopy versus conventional endoscopy for diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux. DDW2006:#761.
77. Sharma VK, Kim HJ, Moirano MM, Fleischer DE, Crowell MD. Accuracy of esophageal capsule endoscopy (ECE) for diagnosis of Barrett esophagus (BE): a pooled analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101: S66-7.
78. Ramirez FC, Shaukat MS, Young MA, Johnson DA, Akins R. Feasibility and safety of string, wireless capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:741-6.
79. Merli M, Nicolini G, Angeloni S, Rinaldi V, De Santis A, Merkel C et al. Incidence and natural history of small esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol 2003;38:266-72.
80. Eisen GM, Eliakim R, Zaman A, Schwartz J, Faigel D, Rondonotti E et al. The accuracy of PillCam ESO capsule endoscopy versus conventional upper endoscopy for the diagnosis of esophageal varices: a prospective three-center pilot study. Endoscopy 2006;38:31-5.
81. Ramirez FC, Hakim S, Tharalson EM, Shaukat MS, Akins R. Feasibility and safety of string wireless capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of esophageal varices. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1065-71.
82. Leighton JA, Sharma VK, Srivathsan K, Heigh RI, McWane TL, Post JK et al. Safety of capsule endoscopy in patients with pacemakers. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:567-9.
83. Leighton JA, Srivathsan K, Carey EJ, Sharma VK, Heigh RI, Post JK et al. Safety of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1728-31.
84. Guyomar Y, Vandeville L, Heuls S, Coviaux F, Graux P, Cornaert P et al. Interference between pacemaker and video capsule endoscopy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2004;27:1329-30.
85. Dubner S, Dubner Y, Gallino S, Spallone L, Zagalsky D, Rubio H et al. Electromagnetic interference with implantable cardiac pacemakers by video capsule. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:250-4.
86. Cave D, Legnani P, de Franchis R, Lewis BS; ICCE. ICCE consensus for capsule retention. Endoscopy 2005;37:1065-7.
87. Pennazio M. Small-bowel endoscopy. Endoscopy 2004;36:32-41.
88. Barkin JS, Friedman S. Wireless capsule endoscopy requiring surgical intervention: the world's experience. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:S298.
89. Fleischer DE, Heigh RI, Nguyen CC, Leighton JA, Sharma VK, Musil D. Videocapsule impaction at the cricopharyngeus: a first report of this complication and its successful resolution. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:427-8.
90. Tabib S, Fuller C, Daniels J, Lo SK. Asymptomatic aspiration of a capsule endoscope. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60:845-8.
91. Sinn I, Neef B, Andus T. Aspiration of a capsule endoscope. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:926-7.
92. Barkin JS, O'Loughlin C. Capsule endoscopy contraindications: complications and how to avoid their occurrence. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2004;14:61-5.
93. Delvaux M, Ben Soussan E, Laurent V, Lerebours E, Gay G. Clinical evaluation of the use of the M2A patency capsule system before a capsule endoscopy procedure, in patients with known or suspected intestinal stenosis. Endoscopy 2005;37:801-7.
94. Boivin ML, Lochs H, Voderholzer WA. Does passage of a patency capsule indicate small-bowel patency? A prospective clinical trial? Endoscopy 2005;37:808-15.
95. Vecchi M, De Franchis R, Rondonotti E, Abbiati C, Signorelli C, Beccari G et al. Reaching the ileocecal valve during capsule enteroscopy in independent both from intestinal preparation with laxatives and from the use of prokinetics drugs prior to the exam. Gastroenterology 2004;126:A461.
96. Rondonotti E, Herrerias JM, Pennazio M, Caunedo A, Mascarenhas-Saraiva M, de Franchis R. Complications, limitations, and failures of capsule endoscopy: a review of 733 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62:712-6; quiz 752, 754.
97. de Franchis R, Avgerinos A, Barkin J, Cave D, Filoche B; ICCE. ICCE consensus for bowel preparation and prokinetics. Endoscopy 2005;37:1040-5.
98. Niv Y, Niv G. Capsule endoscopy: role of bowel preparation in successful visualization. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004;39:1005-9.
99. Niv Y, Niv G, Wiser K, Demarco DC. Capsule endoscopy - comparison of two strategies of bowel preparation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:957-62.
100. Fireman Z, Paz D, Kopelman Y. Capsule endoscopy: improving transit time and image view. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:5863-6.
101. Dai N, Gubler C, Hengstler P, Meyenberger C. Bauerfeind P. Improved capsule endoscopy after bowel preparation. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:28-31.
102. Ben-Soussan E, Savoye G, Antonietti M, Ramirez S, Ducrotte P, Lerebours E. Is a 2-liter PEG preparation useful before capsule endoscopy? J Clin Gastroenterol 2005;39:381-4.
103. Viazis N, Sgouros S, Papaxoinis K, Vlachogiannakos J, Bergele C, Sklavos P et al. Bowel preparation increases the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60:534-8.
104. Villa F, Signorelli C, Rondonotti E, de Franchis R. Preparations and prokinetics. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2006;16:211-20.
105. Fireman Z, Paz D, Kopelman Y. Capsule endoscopy: improving transit time and image view. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:5863-6.
106. Selby W. Complete small-bowel transit in patients undergoing capsule endoscopy: determining factors and improvement with metoclopramide. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:80-5.
107. Schmelkin IJ. Tegaserod decreases small bowel transit times in patients undergoing capsule endoscopy. Gastointest Endosc 2004;59:AB1819.
108. Schoofs N, Deviere J, Van Gossum A. PillCam colon capsule endoscopy compared with colonoscopy for colorectal tumor diagnosis: a prospective pilot study. Endoscopy 2006;38:971-7.
109. Lewis B, Rex D, Leiberman D. Capsule colonoscopy: an interim report of a pilot 3 arm, blinded trial of capsule colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy and colonoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:S559.
110. Eliakim R, Fireman Z, Gralnek IM, Yassin K, Waterman M, Kopelman Y et al. Evaluation of the PillCam colon capsule in the detection of colonic pathology: results of the first multicenter, prospective, comparative study. Endoscopy 2006;38:963-70.