Are newborns morally different from older children?

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 413-425

  Janvier, Annie ^a   Bauer, Karen Lynn ^b   Lantos, John D ^b,c  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^c Center for Practical Bioethics   (United States)

Author keywords

Best interest principle; Extreme prematurity; Moral difference; Policy statements; Resource allocation; Risk benefit ration

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; CULTURAL FACTOR; DISABILITY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; FETAL RIGHTS; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MEDICAL ETHICS; MEDICOLEGAL ASPECT; MORALITY; NEWBORN; NEWBORN CARE; NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; PERSONHOOD; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREMATURITY; QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR; QUALITY OF LIFE; REPRODUCTION; RESUSCITATION; SOCIAL ASPECT; SURVIVAL RATE; TERMINAL CARE; TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL;

DEATH; DECISION MAKING; ETHICAL ANALYSIS; ETHICS, CLINICAL; FAMILY RELATIONS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INTENSIVE CARE, NEONATAL; MORAL OBLIGATIONS; NEONATOLOGY; QUALITY OF LIFE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNCERTAINTY; VALUE OF LIFE; WITHHOLDING TREATMENT;

EID: 36749044266     PISSN: 13867415     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11017-007-9052-y     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. American Academy of Pediatrics, Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation, 4th edition, pp. 718.
2. Burkhart J. The Social Construction of Personhood. Social Thought 15 (1989):21
3. Canadian Neonatal Network 2005 Annual Report. http://www.canadianneonatalnetwork.org/Doc/2005.pdf.
4. Callahan, D. Setting Limits (Simon and Schuster, NY. 1988).
5. Cheung R.T.F., L.-Y. Zou Use of the Original, Modified, or New Intracerebral Hemorrhage Score to Predict Mortality and Morbidity After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke 34, no. 7 (2003):1717-1722.
6. Childress, J.F. "Ensuring Care, Respect, and Fairness for the Elderly." Hastings Center Report 14(1984): 28-29.
7. Danish Council of Ethics. Extreme Prematurity: Ethical Aspects. 1995.
8. Dixon T. et al. Hospital Admissions, Age, and Death: A Retrospective Cohort Study. British Medical Journal 328, no. 7451 (2004):1288.
9. Doyle L. Cost Evaluation of Intensive Care for Extremely Tiny Babies. Seminar of Neonatology 1 (1996):257-267.
10. Edwards M.S. et al. Long-term Sequelae of Group B Streptococcal Meningitis in Infants. Journal of Pediatrics 106 (1985): 717.
11. Engelhardt, H.T. "Ethical Issues in Aiding the Death of Young Children." In Beneficent Euthanasia. Edited by M. Kohl. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus, 1975.
12. "The Fetus as a Person." Canadian Medical Association Journal 143 (1990): 1156.
13. Friedman B., K.J. Devers The Use of Expensive Health Technologies in the Era of Managed Care: The Remarkable Case of Neonatal Intensive Care. Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law 27, no. 3 (2002):441-464.
14. Griffin J. Well-Being: Its Meaning, Measurement, and Moral Importance. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press (1986).
15. Hintz, S.R., et al. for the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. "Changes in Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 18 to 22 Months Corrected Age Among Infants of Less Than 25 Weeks Gestational Age Born in 1993-1999." Pediatrics 115 (2005): 1645-1651.
16. Hakansson S. et al. Proactive Management Promotes Outcome in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Population-Based Comparison of Two Perinatal Management Strategies. Pediatrics 114, no. 1 (2004):58-64.
17. Janvier, A., I. Leblanc, and K.J. Barrington. "No Justice for Premies." Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, May 2 2006, San Francisco CA. Abstract #5152.5.
18. Janvier, A. and I. Leblanc. "Nobody Likes Premies." Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, May 6th 2007, Toronto Canada. Abstract #754558.
19. Janvier, A. and I. Leblanc. "Woman and Children First, Premies Last," Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, May 6th 2007, Toronto Canada. Abstract #754579.
20. Kaempf J. et al. Medical Staff Guidelines for Periviability Pregnancy Counseling and Medical Treatment of Extremely Premature Infants. Pediatrics 117, no. 1 (2006):22-29.
21. Kamm F. Précis of Morality, Mortality: Death and Whom to Save from It. Philosophy and Phenomenal Research 58 (1998):943-944.
22. Lantos J., M. Mokalla, W. Meadow Resource Allocation in Neonatal and Medical ICUs: Epidemiology and Rationing at the Extremes of Life. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 156, no. 1 (1997):185-189.
23. Lefebvre F., E. Mazurier, R. Tessier Cognitive and Educational Outcomes in Early Adulthood for Infants Weighing 1000 grams or Less at Birth. Acta Paediatr 94 (2005):733-740.
24. Lorenz J. The Outcome of Extreme Prematurity. Seminars in Perinatology 25 (2001):348-359.
25. Lorenz J., D.E. Wooliever, J.R. Jetton, N. Paneth A Quantitative Review of Mortality and Developmental Disability in Extremely Premature Newborn. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine 152 (1998):425-435.
26. "Management of the Woman with Threatened Birth of an Infant of Extremely Low Gestational Age." Canadian Medical Association Journal 151, no.5 (1994): 547-551.
27. Martinez A.M., E. Weiss, J.C. Partridge, H. Freeman, S. Kilpatrick Management of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: Perceptions of Viability and Parental Counseling Practices. Obstetrics & Gynecology 92, no. 4 (1998): 520-524.
28. Minkoff H.L., R. Berkowitz The Myth of the Precious Baby. Obstetrics & Gynecology 106, no. 3 (2005): 607-609.
29. McDonald, H. and the Committee on Fetus and Newborn (COFN) of the AAP. "Perinatal Care at the Threshold of Viability." Pediatrics 110 (2002): 1024-1027.
30. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. "Critical Care Decisions in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine: Ethical Issues." 2006. http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/go/ourwork/prolonginglife/ publication_406.html).
31. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. "Deciding to Forego Life-Sustaining Treatment." Washington DC: U.S Government Printing Office, 1983.
32. Saigal S. et al. Psychopathology and Social Competencies of Adolescents Who Were Extremely Low Birth Weight. Pediatrics 111, no. 5 (2003): 969.
33. Saigal S. et al. Transition of Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants From Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Comparison With Normal Birth-Weight Controls. Journal of American Medical Association 295, no. 6 (2006):667-675.
34. Salle, B. and C. Sureau. "Le Préma de Moins de 28 SA, sa Réanimation et son Avenir." Rapport de l'Académie de Médecine. 2006 http://www.academie-medecine.fr/upload/base// rapports_289_fichier_lie.rtf.
35. Scitovsky A.A. Medical Care in the Last Twelve Months of Life: The Relation Between Age, Functional Status, and Medical Care Expenditures. Milbank Quarterly 66, no. 4 (1988):640-660.
36. Serenius F. et al. Short-term Outcome after Active Perinatal Management at 23-25 Weeks of Gestation: A Study from Two Swedish Tertiary Care Centres; Part 2: Infant Survival. Acta Paediatrics 93 (2004): 1081-1089.
37. Sherlock R.L., P.J. Anderson, L.W. Doyle Neurodevelopmental Sequelae of Intraventricular Haemorrhage at 8 Years of Age in a Regional Cohort of ELBW/Very Preterm Infants. Early Human Development 81 (2005): 909-916.
38. Singer, P. Practical Ethics (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1979), pp.137.
39. Swiss Society of Neonatologists Guidelines. "Recommendation for the Care of Infants Born at the Limit of Viability (GA 22-26 weeks)." http://www.neonet.ch/assets/doc/ Infants_born_at_the_limit_of_viability-english_final.pdf.
40. Tooley, M. "Personhood." In A Companion to Bioethics. Edited by P. Singer and H. Kuhse. (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), pp. 117-126.
41. Verloove-Vanhorick S. Management of the Neonate at the Limits of Viability: The Dutch Viewpoint. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 113, no. 3 (2006):13-16.
42. Waring, D. "An Egalitarian Ethos." In Medical Benefit and the Human Lottery: An Egalitarian Approach to Patient Selection (Toronto: Springer, 2004), pp.115-131.
43. Waring, D. "Fair Innings and Need over Lifetime." In Medical Benefit and the Human Lottery: An Egalitarian Approach to Patient Selection (Toronto: Springer, 2004), pp. 89-97.