Tuning magnetoresistance between positive and negative values in organicsemiconductors

Nature Materials

Volumn 6, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 985-991

  Hu, Bin ^a   Wu, Yue ^a  

^a University of Tennessee Knoxville   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHARGE CARRIERS; EXCITED STATES; MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES; ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED);

INJECTION CURRENT; OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-ELECTRODE INTERFACES;

SEMICONDUCTING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

EID: 36749035440     PISSN: 14761122     EISSN: 14764660     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nmat2034     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Taliani, C. et al. Organic-inorganic hybrid spin-valve: A novel approach to spintronics. Phase Transit. 75, 1049-1058 (2002).
2. Xiong, Z. H., Wu, D., Vardeny, Z. V. & Shi, J. Giant magnetoresistance in organic spin-valves. Nature 427, 821-824 (2004).
3. Kalinowski, J., Cocchi, M., Virgili, D., Di Marco, R & Fattori, V. Magnetic field effects on emission and current in Alq(3)-based electroluminescent diodes. Chem. Phys. Lett. 380, 710-715 (2003).
4. Kalinowski, J., Cocchi, M., Virgili, D., Fattori, V. & Di Marco, R Magnetic field effects on organic electrophosphorescence. Phys. Rev. B 70, 205303 (2004).
5. Davis, A. H. & Bussmann, K. Large magnetic field effects in organic light emitting diodes based on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum) (Alq(3))/IN,N′-Di(naphmalen-l-yl)-N,N′diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) bilayers. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 22, 1885-1891 (2004).
6. Francis, T. L., Mermer, Ö., Veeraraghavan, G. & Wohlgenannt, M. Large magnetoresistance at room temperature in semiconducting polymer sandwich devices. New J. Phys. 6, 185-192 (2004).
7. Sheng, Y et al. Hyperfine interaction and magnetoresistance in organic semiconductors. Phys. Rev. B 74, 045213 (2006).
8. Wu, Y & Hu, B. Metal electrode effects on spin-orbital coupling and magnetoresistance in organic semiconductor devices. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 203510 (2006).
9. 3-based OLEDs. Phys. Rev. B 75, 094423 (2007).
10. Wu, Y., Xu, Z., Hu, B. & Howe, J. Tuning magnetoresistance and magnetic field-dependent electroluminescence through mixing strong-spin-orbital- coupling molecule and weak-spin-orbital-coupling polymer. Phys. Rev. B 75, 035214 (2007).
11. Fesser, K., Bishop, A. R. & Campbell, D. K. Optical absorption from polarons in a model of polyacetylene. Phys. Rev. B 27, 4804 (1983).
12. Bassler, H. Injection, transport and recombination of charge carriers in organic light-emitting diodes. Polym. Adv. Technol. 9, 402-418 (1998).
13. Kalinowski, J. Electroluminescence in organics. J. Phys. D 32, R179-R250 (1999).
14. 3. Chem. Phys. Lett. 378, 380-387 (2003).
15. Wilkinson, J., Davis, A. H., Bussmann, K. & Long, J. R Evidence for charge-carrier mediated magnetic-field modulation of electroluminescence in organic light-emitting diodes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 111109 (2005).
16. Köhler, A. et al. UV photocurrent spectroscopy in poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and derivatives. Synth. Met. 84, 675-676 (1997).
17. Muller, J. G. et al. Ultrafast dynamics of charge carrier photogen er ation and geminate recombination in conjugated polymer: Fullerene solar cells. Phys. Rev. B 72, 195208 (2005).
18. Szmytkowski, J., Stampor, W., Kalinowski, J. & Kafafi, Z. H. Electric field-assisted dissociation of singlet exdtons in tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (III). Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1465 (2002).
19. Kalinowski, J. et al. Coexistence of dissociation and annihilation of excitons on charge carriers in organic phosphorescent emitters. Phys. Rev. B 74, 085316 (2006).
20. Pope, M. & Swenberg, C. E. Electronic Processes in Organic Crystals 2nd edn (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1999).
21. Wittmer, M. & Zschokke-Gränacher, I. Exciton-charge carrier interactions in the electroluminescence of crystalline anthracence. J. Chem. Phys. 63, 4187-4194 (1975).
22. Em, V & Merrifield, R. E. Magnetic field effect on triplet exdton quenching in organic crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 21, 609-611 (1968).
23. Tolstov, I. V et al. On the role of magnetic field spin effect in photoconductivity of composite films of MEH-PPV and nanosized particles of PbS. J. Lumin. 112, 368-371 (2005).
24. Kalinowski, J. & Signerski, R. Exciton-enhanced double injection current in tetracene crystals. Phys. Status Solidi B 118, K147-K150 (1983).
25. Kalinowski, J. & Godlewski, J. Magnetic field effects on recombination radiation in tetracene crystal. Chem. Phys. Lett. 36, 345 (1975).
26. Birks, J. B. Organic Molecular Photophysics (Wiley, London, 1975).
27. Frenkel, J. On pre-breakdown phenomena in insulators and electronic semiconductors. Phys. Rev. 54, 647-648 (1938).
28. Onsager, L. Initial recombination of ions. Phys. Rev. 54, 554-557 (1938).
29. Doubleday, C. Jr, Turro, N. J. & Wang, J. F. Dynamics of flexible triplet biradicals. Acc. Chem. Res. 22, 199-205 (1989).
30. Hu, B., Wu, Y., Zhang, Z., Dai, S. & Shen, J. Effects of ferromagnetic nanowires on singlet and triplet exdton fractions in fluorescent and phosphorescent organic semiconductors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 022114 (2006).
31. Wu, Y., Hu, B., Howe, J., Li, A-P. & Shen, J. Spin injection from ferromagnetic nanoclusters into organic semiconducting polymers. Phys. Rev. B 75, 075413 (2007).
32. Ito, F., Ikoma, T., Akiyama, K., Watanabe, A. & Tero-Kubota, S. Carrier generation process on photoconductive polymer films as studied by magnetic field effects on the charge-transfer fluorescence andphotocurrent. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 8707-8717 (2005).
33. Kalinowski, J. et al. Quenching effects in organic electrophosphorescence. Phys. Rev. B 66, 235321 (2002).
34. Graupner, W., Partee, J., Shinar, J., Leising, G. & Scherf, U. Dynamics of long-lived polarons in poly(para-phyenylene)-type ladder polymers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2033-2036 (1996).
35. Stampor, W. Electromodulation of fluorescence in hole-transporting materials (TPD, TAPC) for organic light-emitting diodes. Chem. Phys. 256, 351-362 (2000).
36. Xu, Z., Wu, Y & Hu, B. Dissociation processes of singlet and triplet exdtons in organic photovoltaic cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 131116 (2006).
37. 50 blends by photoinduced electron transfer. Synth. Met. 77, 147-150 (1996).
38. Sariciftci, N. S., Smilowitz, L., Heeger, A. J. & Wudl, F. Photoinduced electron-transfer from a conducting polymer to buckminsterfullerene. Science 258, 1474-1476 (1992).
39. Wohlgenannt, M. & Vardeny, Z. V. Spin-dependent exdton formation rates in π-conjugated materials. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, R83-R107 (2003).
40. Finkenzeller, W J. & Yersin, H. Emission of Ir(ppy)(3). Temperature dependence, decay dynamics, and magnetic field properties. Chem. Phys. Lett. 377, 299-305 (2003).
41. Salis, G., Alvarado, S. F., Tschudy, M., Brunschwiler, T. & Allenspach, R. Hysteretic electroluminescence in organic light-emitting diodes for spin injection. Phys. Rev. B 70, 085203 (2004).
42. Geadntov, N. E., Pope, M. & Fox, S. Magnetic field effects on photo-enhanced currents in organic crystals. J., Phys. Chem. Solids 31, 1375-1379 (1970).
43. Levinson, J., Weisz, S. Z., Cobas, A. & Rolon, A. Determination of the triplet exciton-trapped electron reaction rate constant in Anthracene crystals. J. Chem. Phys. 52, 2794-2795 (1970).
44. Helfrich, W. Destruction of triplet exdtons in Anthracene by injected electrons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 401-403 (1966).
45. Brabec, C. J. et al. Tracing photoinduced electron transfer process in conjugated polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunctions in real time. Chem. Phys. Lett. 340, 232-236 (2001).
46. Steiner, U. E. & Ulrich, T. Magnetic field effects in chemical kinetics and related phenomena. Chem. Phys. 89, 51-147 (1999).
47. Ganzorig, C. & Iizumi, Y. A possible mechanism for enhanced electrofiuorescence emission through triplet-triplet annihilation in organic electroluminescent devices. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3137-3139 (2002).
48. Prigodin, V. N., Bergeson, J. D., Lincoln, D. M. & Epstein, A. J. Anomalous room temperature magnetoresistance in organic semiconductors. Synth. Met. 156, 757-761 (2006).
49. Parker, I. D. Carrier tunneling and device characteristics in polymer light-emitting diodes. J. Appl. Phys. 75, 1656-1666 (1994).
50. Eastman, D. E. Photoelectric workfunctions of transition, rare-earth, and nobel metals. Phys. Rev. B 2, 1-2 (1970).