Variation in fecal testosterone levels, inter-male aggression, dominance rank and age during mating and post-mating periods in wild adult male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)

American Journal of Primatology

Volumn 69, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 1325-1339

  Gould, L ^a   Ziegler, T E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Challenge hypothesis; Intermale aggression; Lemur catta; Males; Mating season; Testosterone

Indexed keywords

TESTOSTERONE;

AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCE; AGGRESSION; BREEDING SEASON; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DOMINANCE; FECES; MALE BEHAVIOR; MATING BEHAVIOR; PRIMATE; TESTOSTERONE; WILD POPULATION;

AGE; AGGRESSION; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; FECES; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MALE; METABOLISM; PROSIMIAN; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SEASON; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL DOMINANCE;

AGE FACTORS; AGGRESSION; ANIMALS; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; FECES; LEMUR; MALE; SEASONS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; SOCIAL DOMINANCE; TESTOSTERONE;

BEZA MAHAFALY SPECIAL RESERVE; INDIAN OCEAN; INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS; MADAGASCAR; TOLIARA;

LEMUR CATTA; PRIMATES; STREPSIRHINI;

EID: 36748999345     PISSN: 02752565     EISSN: 10982345     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20438     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Abraham GE, Buster JE, Lucas LA, Corrales PC, Teller RC. 1972. Chromatographic Separation of steroid hormones for use in radioimmunoassay. Anal Lett 5:509-517.
2. Altmann J. 1974. Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Behaviour 49: 227-265.
3. Barrett GM, Shimizu K, Bardi M, Asaba S, Mori A. 2002. Endocrine correlates of rank, reproduction, and female directed aggression in male Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Horm Behav 42:85-96.
4. Brockman DK, Whitten PL. 1996. Reproduction in free-ranging Propithecus verreauxi: estrus and the relationship between multiple partner matings and fertilization. Am J Phys Anth 100:57-69.
5. Brockman DK, Whitten PL, Richard AF, Schneider A. 1998. Reproduction in free-ranging male Propithecus verreauxi: the hormonal correlates of mating and aggression. Am J Phys Anthropol 105: 137-151.
6. Brockman DK, Whitten PL, Richard AF, Benander B. 2001. Birth season testosterone levels in male Verreaux's sifaka, Propithecus verreauxi: insights into sociodemographic factors mediating seasonal testicular function. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 49: 117-127.
7. Budnitz N, Dainis K. 1975. Lemur catta: ecology and behavior. In: Tattersall I, Sussman RW, editors. Lemur biology. NY: Plenum Press. p 219-235.
8. Cavigelli SA, Pereira ME. 2000. Mating season aggression and fecal testosterone levels in male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Horm Behav 37:246-255.
9. Cristobal-Azkarate J, Chavira R, Boeck L, Rodriguez-Luna E, Veal JJ. 2006. Testosterone levels of free-ranging resident mantled howler monkey males in relation to the number and density of solitary males: a test of the challenge hypothesis. Horm Behav 49:261-267.
10. Ginther AJ, Ziegler TE, Snowdon CT. 2001. Reproductive biology of captive male cotton-top tamarin monkeys as a function of social environment. Anim Behav 61:65-78.
11. Gould L. 1994. Patterns of affiliative behavior in adult male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Beza-Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar. Ph.D. dissertation. St. Louis: Washington University.
12. Gould L. 1996. Male-female affiliative relationships in naturally occurring ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Beza-Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar. Am J Primatol 39: 63-78.
13. Gould L. 1997. Intermale affiliative relationships in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Beza-Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar. Primates 38:15-30.
14. Gould L. 2006. Male sociality and integration during the dispersal process in Lemur catta: a case study. In: Jolly A, Sussman RW, Koyama N, Rasamimanana H, editors. Ring-tailed lemur biology. NY: Springer. p 296-310.
15. Gould L, Sussman RW, Sauther ML. 2003. Demographic and life-history patterns in a population of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar: a 15-year perspective. Am J Phys Anthropol 120:182-194.
16. Gould L, Ziegler TE, Wittwer DJ. 2005. Effects of reproductive and social variables on fecal glucocorticoid levels in a sample of adult male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar. Am J Primatol 67:5-23.
17. Hodges JK, Heistermann M. 2003. Field endocrinology: monitoring hormonal changes in free-ranging primates. In: Setchell JM, Curtis DJ, editors. Field and laboratory methods in primatology: a practical guide. Cambridge: Cambridge. p 282-294.
18. Huck M, Lottker P, Heymann EW, Heistermann M. 2005. Characterization and social correlates of fecal testosterone and cortisol excretion in wild male Saguinus mystax. Int J Primatol 26:159-179.
19. Jolly A. 1966. Lemur behavior. Chicago: U. Chicago Press.
20. Jolly A. 1984. The puzzle of female feeding priority. In: Small M, editor. Female primates: studies by women primatologists. NY: Liss. p 197-215.
21. Jones KC. 1983. Inter-troop transfer of Lemur catta males at Berenty, Madagascar. Folia Primatol 40:145-160.
22. Koyama N. 1988. Mating behavior of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Berenty, Madagascar. Primates 29:163-174.
23. Kraus C, Heistermann M, Kappeler PM. 1999. Physiological suppression of sexual function of subordinate males: a subtle form of intrasexual competition among male sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi)? Phys Behav 66: 855-861.
24. Lynch JW, Ziegler TE, Strier KB. 2002. Individual and seasonal variation in fecal testosterone and cortisol levels of wild male tufted capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella nigritus. Horm Behav 41:275-287.
25. Marshall AJ, Hohmann G. 2005. Urinary testosterone levels of wild male bonobos (Panpaniscus) in the Lomako Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo. Am J Primatol 65: 87-92.
26. Muehlenbein MP, Watts DP, Whitten PL. 2004. Dominance rank and fecal testosterone levels in adult male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Am J Primatol 64:71-82.
27. Muller MN, Wrangham RW. 2004. Dominance, aggression and testosterone in wild chimpanzees: a test of the 'challenge hypothesis'. Anim Behav 67:113-123.
28. Ostner J, Kappeler PM, Heistermann M. 2002. Seasonal variation and social correlates of androgen excretion in male redfronted lemurs (Eulemur fulvus rufus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 52:485-495.
29. Parga JA. 2003. Copulatory plug displacement evidences sperm competition in Lemur catta. Int J Primatol 24:889-899.
30. Pereira ME, Weiss ML. 1991. Female mate choice, male migration, and the threat of infanticide in ring-tailed lemurs. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 28:141-152.
31. Richard AF, Dewar RE, Schwartz M, Ratsirarson J. 2002. Life in the slow lane? Demography and life histories of male and female sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi). J Zool Lond 256:421-436.
32. Sannen A, Van Elsacker L, Heistermann M, Eens M. 2003. Urinary testosterone-metabolite levels and dominance rank in male and female bonobos (Pan paniscus). Primates 45:89-96.
33. Sapolsky RM. 1983. Endocrine aspects of social instability in the olive baboon (Papio anubis). Am J Primatol 5:365-379.
34. Sauther ML. 1991. Reproductive behavior of free-ranging Lemur catta at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. Am J Phys Anthropol 84:463-477.
35. Sauther ML. 1992. The effect of reproductive state, social rank and group size on resource use among free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) of Madagascar. Ph.D. dissertation. St. Louis: Washington University.
36. Sauther ML. 1993. The dynamics of feeding competition in wild populations of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). In: Kappeler PM, Ganzhorn JU, editors. Lemur social Systems and their ecological basis. NY: Plenum. p 135-152.
37. Sauther ML, Sussman RW, Gould L. 1999. The socioecology of the ring-tailed lemur: thirty-five years of research. Evol Anth 8: 120-132.
38. Sauther ML, Sussman RW, Cuozzo F. 2002. Dental and general health in a population of wild ring-tailed lemurs: a life history approach. Am J Phys Anthropol 117: 122-132.
39. Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. 1995. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 3rd edition. NY: Freeman.
40. Strier KB, Ziegler TE, Wittwer DJ. 1999. Seasonal and social correlates of fecal testosterone and cortisol levels in wild male muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides). Horm Behav 35:125-134.
41. Sussman RW. 1991. Demography and social organization of free-ranging Lemur catta in the Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar. Am J Phys Anthropol 84:43-58.
42. Sussman RW. 1992. Male life history and intergroup mobility among ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Int J Primatol 13: 395-413.
43. Sussman RW, Rakotozafy A. 1994. Plant diversity and structural analysis of a tropical dry forest in southwestern Madagascar. Biotropica 26:241-254.
44. Taylor LL, Sussman RW. 1985. A preliminary study of kinship and social organization in a semi-free-ranging group of Lemur catta. Int J Primatol 6:601-614.
45. van Horn RN, Resko JA. 1977. The reproductive cycle of the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta): sex steroid levels and sexual receptivity under controlled photoperiods. Endocrinology 101:1579-1586.
46. Whitten PL, Brockman DK, Stavisky RC. 1998. Recent advances in noninvasive techniques to monitor hormone-behavior interactions. Yrbk Phys Anth 41:1-23.
47. Wingfield JC, Ball GF, Dufty AM, Hegner RE, Ramenofsky M. 1987. Testosterone and aggression in birds: tests of the challenge hypothesis. Am Sci 75:602-608.
48. Wingfield JC, Hegner RE, Dufty AM, Ball GF. 1990. The challenge hypothesis: theoretical implications for patterns of testosterone secretion, mating systems, and breeding strategies. Am Nat 136:829-846.
49. Wingfield JC, Lynn SE, Soma KK. 2001. Avoiding the 'costs' of testosterone: ecological bases of hormone-behavior interactions. Brain Behav Evol 57:239-251.
50. Ziegler TE, Scheffler G, Wittwer DJ, Schultz-Darken NJ, Snowdon CT, Abbott DH. 1996. Metabolism of reproductive steroids during the ovarian cycle in two species of callitrichids, Saguinus oedipus and Callithrix jacchus, and estimation of the ovulatory period from fecal steroids. Biol Reprod 54:91-99.