Radiative and convective driving of tropical high clouds

Journal of Climate

Volumn 20, Issue 22, 2007, Pages 5510-5526

  Kubar, Terence L ^a   Hartmann, Dennis L ^a   Wood, Robert ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); RADIOMETERS; SATELLITE IMAGERY;

ADVANCED MICROWAVE SCANNING RADIOMETER; AQUA MODERATE RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; SATELLITE CLOUD DATA; TOP-OF-ATMOSPHERE;

CLOUDS;

CLOUD RADIATIVE FORCING; CONVECTIVE CLOUD; ENERGY BALANCE; MODIS; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); REMOTE SENSING; SATELLITE DATA; TOP OF ATMOSPHERE;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (WEST);

EID: 36649005550     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007JCLI1628.1     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Back, L. E., and C. S. Bretherton, 2006: Geographic variability in the export of moist static energy and vertical motion profiles in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17810, doi:10.1029/2006GL026672.
2. Berg, W., C. Kummerow, and C. A. Morales, 2002: Differences between east and west Pacific rainfall systems. J. Climate, 15, 3659-3672.
3. Boehm, M. T., and J. Verlinde, 2000: Stratospheric influence on upper tropospheric tropical cirrus. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3209-3212.
4. Dessler, A. E., and P. Yang, 2003: The distribution of tropical thin cirrus clouds inferred from Terra MODIS data. J. Climate, 16, 1241-1247.
5. Folkins, I., M. Loewenstein, J. Podolske, S. J. Oltmans, and M. Proffitt, 1999: A barrier to vertical mixing at 14 km in the tropics: Evidence from ozonesondes and aircraft measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22 095-22 102.
6. Folkins, I., S. J. Oltmans, and A. M. Thompson, 2000: Tropical convective outflow and near surface equivalent potential temperatures. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2549-2552.
7. Fu, Q., and K. N. Liou, 1993: Parameterization of the solar radiative properties of cirrus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2008-2025.
8. Harrison, E. F., P. Minnis, B. R. Barkstrom, V. Ramanathan, R. D. Cess, and G. G. Gibson, 1990: Seasonal variation of cloud radiative forcing derived from the Earth radiation budget experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18 687-18 703.
9. Hartmann, D. L., and K. Larson, 2002: An important constraint on tropical cloud-climate feedback. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1195, doi:10.1029/2002GL015835.
10. Hartmann, D. L., L. A. Moy, and Q. Fu, 2001: Tropical convection and the energy balance at the top of the atmosphere. J. Climate, 14, 4495-4511.
11. Holton, J. R., 1992: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. 3d ed. Academic Press, 511 pp.
12. Johnson, R. H., T. M. Rickenbach, S. A. Rutledge, P. E. Ciesielski, and W. H. Schubert, 1999: Trimodal characteristics of tropical convection. J. Climate, 12, 2397-2418.
13. King, M. D., S.-C. Tsay, S. Platnick, M. Wang, and K.-N. Liou, 1997: Cloud retrieval algorithms for MODIS: Optical thickness, effective particle radius, and thermodynamic phase. MODIS Algorithm Theoretical Basis Doc. ATBD-MOD-05, MOD06-Cloud product, 83 pp.
14. Korolev, A. V., G. A. Isaac, I. P. Mazin, and H. W. Barker, 2001: Microphysical properties of continental clouds from in situ measurements. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 2117-2151.
15. Kursinski, E. R., G. A. Hajj, K. R. Hardy, J. T. Schofield, and R. Linfield, 1997: Observing Earth's atmosphere with radio occultation measurements using the Global Positioning System. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23 429-23 465.
16. Liou, K.-N., 1992: Radiation and Cloud Processes in the Atmosphere: Theory, Observation, and Modeling. Oxford University Press, 487 pp.
17. Liu, C., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1998: A numerical study of the diurnal cycle of tropical oceanic convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2329-2344.
18. Livesey, N. J., and Coauthors, 2005: Version 1.5 level 2 data quality and description document. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Tech. Rep. JPL D-32381, 117 pp.
19. Malkus, J. S., and H. Riehl, 1964: Cloud Structure and Disturbances over the Tropical Pacific Ocean. University of California Press, 229 pp.
20. McClatchey, R. A., W. S. Fenn, J. E. A. Selby, F. E. Volz, and J. S. Garing, 1971: Optical properties of the atmosphere. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory Rep. AFCrl-71-0279, 85 pp.
21. McFarquhar, G. M., A. J. Heymsfield, J. Spinhirne, and B. Hart, 2000: Thin and subvisual tropopause tropical cirrus: Observations and radiative impacts. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1841-1853.
22. Platnick, S., M. D. King, S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel, B. A. Baum, J. C. Riedi, and R. A. Frey, 2003: The MODIS cloud products: Algorithms and examples from Terra. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41, 459-473.
23. Reed, R. J., and E. E. Recker, 1971: Structure and properties of synoptic-scale wave disturbances in the equatorial western Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1117-1133.
24. Remote Sensing Systems, 2006: Updates to the AMSR-E V05 algorithm. Tech. Rep. 020706, 5 pp. [Available online at http://www.remss.com/amsr/ amsr_data_description.html#version.]
25. Reynolds, R. W., N. A. Rayner, T. M. Smith, D. C. Stokes, and W. Wang, 2002: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J. Climate, 15, 1609-1625.
26. Riehl, H., and J. S. Malkus, 1958: On the heat balance in the equatorial trough zone. Geophysica, 6, 503-538.
27. Riehl, H. and J. S. Simpson, 1979: The heat balance of the equatorial trough zone, revisited. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 52, 287-304.
28. Sarachik, E. S., 1978: Tropical sea surface temperature: An interactive one-dimensional atmosphere-ocean model. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 2, 455-469.
29. Sassi, F., M. Salby, and W. G. Read, 2001: Relationship between upper tropospheric humidity and deep convection. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17 133-17 146.
30. Schmidt, T., J. Wickert, G. Beyerle, and C. Reigber, 2004: Tropical tropopause parameters derived from GPS radio occultation measurements with CHAMP. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D13105, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD004566.
31. Schumacher, C., and R. A. Houze, 2003: Stratiform rain in the Tropics as seen by the TRMM precipitation radar. J. Climate, 16, 1739-1756.
32. Udelhofen, P. M., and D. L. Hartmann, 1995: Influence of tropical cloud systems on the relative humidity in the upper troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100 (134), 7423-7440.
33. Yanai, M., S. Esbensen, and J.-H. Chu, 1973: Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 611-627.