Cities as agents of global change

International Journal of Climatology

Volumn 27, Issue 14, 2007, Pages 1849-1857

  Mills, Gerald ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Cities; Global change; Urban climate

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; EARTH ATMOSPHERE; GLOBAL WARMING;

ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES; GLOBAL CHANGE; URBAN AREAS; URBAN CLIMATE;

CLIMATE CHANGE;

GLOBAL CHANGE; HUMAN ACTIVITY; URBAN CLIMATE;

EID: 36549061003     PISSN: 08998418     EISSN: 10970088     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/joc.1604     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (30)

1. Andres RJ, Marland G, Fung I, Matthews E, Brenkert AL. 1997. Geographic Patterns of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production, and Gas Flaring on a one Degree by one Degree Grid Cell Basis: 1950 to 1990. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre, Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Environmental Science Division No. 4646.
2. Changnon SA. 1992. Inadvertent weather modification in urban areas: Lessons for global climate change. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 73: 619-627.
3. Decker EH, Elliott S, Smith FA, Blake DR, Rowland FS. 2000. Energy and material flow through the urban ecosystem. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 25: 685-740.
4. Gallo KP, Owen TW. 1999. Satellite-based adjustments for the urban heat island temperature bias. Journal of Applied Meteorology 38: 806-813.
5. Guttikunda SK, Carmichael GR, Calori G, Eck C, Woo J. 2003. The contribution of megacities to regional sulphur pollution in Asia. Atmospheric Environment 37: 11-22.
6. Keatinge WR, Donaldson GC, Cordioli E, Marinelli M, Kunst AE, Mackenbach JP, Nayha S, Vuori I. 2000. Heat related mortality in warm and cold regions of Europe: Observational study. British Medical Journal 321: 670-673.
7. Klinenberg E. 2003. Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, Illinois.
8. LCCP (London Climate Change Partnership). 2002. London's Warming: The impacts of Climate Change on London. Technical Report, Greater London Authority.
9. Lowry WP. 1977. Empirical estimation of urban effects on climate: A problem analysis. Journal of Applied Meteorology 16: 129-135.
10. Lyons TJ, Kenworthy JR, Moy C, dos Santos F. 2003. An international urban air pollution model for the transportation sector. Transport Research D 8: 159-167.
11. McCarthy JJ, Canziani OF, Leary NA, Dokken DJ, White KS (eds). 2001. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, UK.
12. McKinney ML. 2006. Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization. Biological Conservation 127: 247-260.
13. Miller RB, Small C. 2003. Cities from space: potential applications of remote sensing in urban environmental research and policy. Environmental Science and Policy 6: 129-137.
14. Mills G. 2006. Progress toward sustainable settlements: A role for urban climatology. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 84: 69-76.
15. Molina MJ, Molina LT. 2004. Megacities and atmospheric pollution. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 54: 644-680.
16. Newman PWG. 1999. Sustainability and cities: extending the metabolism model. Landscape and Urban Planning 44: 219-226.
17. Nowak DJ, Crane DE. 2002. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environmental Pollution 116: 381-389.
18. Oke TR. 2004. Initial Guidance to Obtain Representative Meteorological Observations at Urban Sites. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Instruments and Observing Methods: Report No. 81. WMO/TD No. 1250.
19. Pigeon G, Durand P, Masson V. 2006. Anthropogenic heat release over Toulouse during the CAPITOUL field program. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Urban Climate, Sweden.
20. Rees W, Wackernagel M. 1997. Urban ecological footprints: Why cities cannot be sustainable-and why they are a key to sustainability. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 16: 223-248.
21. Rogers R. 1997. Cities for a Small Planet. Faber and Faber: London.
22. Schafer A, Victor DG. 1999. Global passenger travel: implications for carbon dioxide emissions. Energy 24: 657-679.
23. Stewart I. 2006. Representations of "Urban" and "Rural" Space in UHI Literature. IAUC Newsletter 19, available at www.urban-climate.org, 14-17.
24. Stohl A, Forster C, Eckhardt S, Spichtinger N, Huntrieser H, Heland J, Schlager H, Wilhelm S, Arnold F, Cooper O. 2003. A backward modeling study of intercontinental pollution transport using aircraft measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research 108: No. D12, 4370.
25. Svirejeva-Hopkins A, Schellnhuber HJ, Pomaz VL. 2004. Urbanised territories as a specific component of the global carbon cycle. Ecological Modelling 173: 295-312.
26. UN. 2006. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision. United Nations: New York.
27. Velasco E, Pressley S, Allwine E, Westberg H, Lamb B. 2005. Measurements of CO2 fluxes from the Mexico City urban landscape. Atmospheric Environment 39: 7433-7446.
28. Wolman. 1965. The metabolism of cities. Scientific American 213: 179-190.
29. Worrell E, Price L, Martin N, Hendriks C, Meida LO. 2001. Carbon dioxide emissions from the global cement industry. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 26: 303-329.
30. Ziska LH, Gebhard DE, Frenz DA, Faulkner S, Singer BD, Straka JG. 2003. Cities as harbingers of climate change: Common ragweed, urbanization, and public health. Journal Allergy and Clinical Immunology 111: 290-295.