Probiotics in Children

Pediatric Clinics of North America

Volumn 54, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 949-967

  Kligler, Benjamin ^a,b   Hanaway, Patrick ^c   Cohrssen, Andreas ^a,d  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care   (United States)

^c Genova Diagnostics   (United States)

^d Beth Israel Residency in Urban Family Practice   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LACTULOSE; MALTODEXTRIN; PLACEBO; PROBIOTIC AGENT; SIMETHICONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VRI 033;

ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS; CLINICAL INDICATOR; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLIC; COLONY FORMING UNIT; CONSTIPATION; DIARRHEA; DIGESTIVE FUNCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; ECZEMA; HUMAN; INTESTINE FLORA; IRRITABLE COLON; LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTUM; LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; PREMATURITY; REHYDRATION; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII; STREPTOCOCCUS THERMOPHILUS;

CHILD; COLIC; COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES; DERMATITIS, ATOPIC; DIARRHEA; HUMANS; INTESTINES; PROBIOTICS;

EID: 36549054665     PISSN: 00313955     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2007.10.002     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Metchnikiff E. The prolongation of life (1908), Putman & Sons, New York
2. Bengmark S. Ecological control of the gastrointestinal tract: the role of probiotic flora. Gut 42 (1998) 2-7
3. Bjorksten B. Effects of intestinal microflora and the environment on the development of asthma and allergy. Springer Semin Immunopathol 25 (2004) 257-270
4. Fanaro S., Chierici P., and Vigi V. Intestinal microflora in early infancy: composition and development. Acta Paediatr Suppl 441 (2003) 48-55
5. Guarner F., and Magdelena J.R. Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet 361 (2003) 512-519
6. Schrezenemeir J., and deVrese M. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics-approaching a definition. Am J Clin Nutr 73 (2001) 361S-364S
7. Isolauri E., Sutas Y., Kankaanpaa, et al. Probiotics: effects on immunity. Am J Clin Nutr 73 (2001) 444S-450S
8. Gibson G.R., and Roberfroid M.B. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr 125 (1995) 1401-1412
9. Mackie R.I., Sghir A., and Gaskins H.R. Developmental microbial ecology of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. Am J Clin Nutr 69 Suppl (1999) 1035S-1045S
10. Penders J., Thijs C., Vink C., et al. Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics 118 (2006) 511-521
11. Harmsen H.J., Wildeboer-Veloo A.C., Raangs G.C., et al. Analysis of intestinal flora development in breast-fed and formula-fed infants by using molecular identification and detection methods. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 30 (2000) 61-67
12. Teitelbaum J.E., and Walker W.A. Nutritional impact of pre- and probiotics as protective gastrointestinal organisms. Annu Rev Nutr 22 (2002) 107-138
13. Gronlund M.M., Lehtonen O.P., Eerola E., et al. Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after cesarean delivery. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 28 (1999) 19-25
14. Adlerberth I., Carlsson B., de Man P., et al. Intestinal colonization with Enterobaceriaceae in Pakistani and Swedish hospital-delivered infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 80 (1991) 602-610
15. Noverr M.C., and Huffnagle G.B. Does the microbiota regulate immune responses outside the gut?. Trends Microbiol 12 (2004) 562-568
16. Backhed F., Ding H., Wang T., et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 (2004) 15718-15723
17. Sartor R.B. Probiotic therapy for intestinal inflammation and infection. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 21 (2005) 44-50
18. DeLa Cochetiere M.F., Durand T., Lepage P., et al. Resilience of the dominant human fecal microbiota upon short-course antibiotic challenge. J Clin Microbiol 43 (2005) 5588-5592
19. Kalliomaki M., Kirjavainen P., Eerola E., et al. Distinct patterns of neonatal gut microflora in infants in whom atopy was and was not developing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107 (2001) 129-134
20. Ley R.E., Turnbaugh P.J., Klein S., et al. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 444 (2006) 1022-1023
21. Backhed F., Ley R.E., Sonnenburg J.L., et al. Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine. Science 307 (2005) 1915-1920
22. International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409 (2001) 860-921
23. Fioramonti J., Theodorou V., and Bueno L. Probiotics: what are they? What are their effects on gut physiology?. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 17 (2003) 711-724
24. Lievin-Le Moal V., and Servin A.L. The front line of enteric host defense against unwelcome intrusion of harmful microorganisms: mucins, antimicrobial peptides and microbiota. Clin Microbiol Rev 19 (2006) 315-337
25. In: Abbas A.K., and Lichtman A.H. (Eds). Cellular and molecular immunology. 5th edition (2003), Saunders, Philadephia
26. Brandtzaeg P. Current understanding of gastrointestinal immunoregulation and its relation to food allergy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 964 (2002) 13-45
27. Van Uden J., and Rax E. Immunostimulatory DNA and applications to allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 104 (1999) 902-910
28. Jijon H., Backer J., Diaz H., et al. DNA from probiotic bacteria modulated murine and human epithelial and immune function. Gastroenterology 126 (2004) 1358-1373
29. McGuirk P., and Mills K.H. Pathogen-specific regulatory T cells provoke a shift in the Th1/Th2 paradigm in immunity to infections diseases. Trends Immunol 23 (2002) 450-455
30. Christensen H.R. Lactobacilli differentially modulated expression of cytokines and maturation surface markers in murine dendritic cells. J Immunol 168 (2002) 171-178
31. Hooper L.V., Wong M.H., Thelin A., et al. Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine. Science 291 (2001) 881-884
32. Borruel N., Carol M., Casellas F., et al. Increased mucosal tumour necrosis factor alpha production in Crohn's disease can be downregulated ex vivo by probiotic bacteria. Gut 51 (2002) 659-664
33. Strachan D.P. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ 299 (1989) 1259-1260
34. Rook G.A.W., and Brunet L.R. Microbes, immunoregulation, and the gut. Gut 54 (2005) 317-320
35. Prescott S.L. Allergy: the price we pay for cleaner living?. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 90 Suppl 3 (2003) 64-70
36. Hooper L.V., and Gordon J.I. Commensal host-bacterial relationships in the gut. Science 292 (2001) 1115-1118
37. Kallomaki M., Salminen S., Poussa T., et al. Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 361 (2003) 1869-1871
38. Plummer S., Weaver M.A., Harris J.C., et al. Clostridium difficile pilot study: effects of probiotic supplementation on the incidence of C. difficile diarrhoea. Int Microbiol 7 1 (2004) 59-62
39. Shimbo I., Yamaguchi T., Odaka T., et al. Effect of Clostridium butyricum on fecal flora in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. World J Gastroenterol 11 47 (2005) 7520-7524
40. Kotowska M., Albrecht P., and Szajewska H. Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 21 5 (2005) 583-590
41. Correa N.B., Peret Filho L.A., Penna F.J., et al. A randomized formula controlled trial of Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in infants. J Clin Gastroenterol 39 5 (2005) 385-389
42. Erdeve O., Tiras U., and Dallar Y. The probiotic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in a pediatric age group. J Trop Pediatr 50 4 (2004) 234-236
43. Szajewska H., Ruszczynski M., and Radzikowski A. Probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 149 3 (2006) 367-372
44. Johnston B.C., Supina A.L., and Vohra S. Probiotics for pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. CMAJ 175 4 (2006) 377-383 [Erratum in: CMAJ 2006;175(7):777]
45. Sarker S.A., Sultana S., Fuchs G.J., et al. Lactobacillus paracasei strain ST11 has no effect on rotavirus but ameliorates the outcome of nonrotavirus diarrhea in children from Bangladesh. Pediatrics 116 2 (2005) e221-e228
46. Billoo A.G., Memon M.A., Khaskheli S.A., et al. Role of a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) in management and prevention of diarrhoea. World J Gastroenterol 12 28 (2006) 4557-4560
47. Szymanski H., Pejcz J., Jawien M., et al. Treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in infants and children with a mixture of three Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 23 2 (2006) 247-253
48. Salazar-Lindo E., Miranda-Langschwager P., Campos-Sanchez M., et al. Lactobacillus casei strain GG in the treatment of infants with acute watery diarrhea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. BMC Pediatr 2 (2004) 4-18
49. Kurugol Z., and Koturoglu G. Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhoea. Acta Paediatr 94 1 (2005) 44-47
50. Allen S.J., Okoko B., Martinez E., et al. Probiotics for treating infectious diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 (2004) CD003084
51. Szajewska H., Skorka A., and Dylag M. Meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii for treating acute diarrhoea in children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 25 3 (2007) 257-264
52. Guandalini S. Probiotics for children: use in diarrhea. J Clin Gastroenterol 40 (2006) 244-248
53. Oberhelman R.A., Gilman R.H., Sheen P., et al. A placebo-controlled trial of Lactobacillus GG to prevent diarrhea in undernourished Peruvian children. J Pediatr 134 (1999) 15-20
54. Rio M.E., Zago L.B., Garcia H., et al. [Influence of nutritional status on the effectiveness of a dietary supplement of live lactobacillus to prevent and cure diarrhoea in children]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 54 3 (2004) 287-292 [in Spanish]
55. Chouraqui J.P., Van Egroo L.D., and Fichot M.C. Acidified milk formula supplemented with Bifidobacterium lactis: impact on infant diarrhea in residential care settings. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 38 3 (2004) 288-292
56. Thibault H., Aubert-Jacquin C., and Goulet O. Effects of long-term consumption of a fermented infant formula (with Bifidobacterium breve c50 and Streptococcus thermophilus 065) on acute diarrhea in healthy infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 39 (2004) 147-152
57. Weizman Z., Asli G., and Alsheikh A. Effect of a probiotic infant formula on infections in child care centers: comparison of two probiotic agents. Pediatrics 115 1 (2005) 5-9
58. Sazawal S., Hiremath G., Dhingra U., et al. Efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhea: a meta-analysis of masked, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis 6 (2006) 374-382
59. Vendt N., Grunberg H., Tuure T., et al. Growth during the first six months of life in infants using formula enriched with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: double-blind, randomized trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 19 (2006) 51-58
60. Bin-Nun A., Bromiker R., Wilschanski M., et al. Oral probiotics prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates. J Pediatr 147 2 (2005) 192-196
61. Lin H.C., Su B.H., Chen A.C., et al. Oral probiotics reduce the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 115 1 (2005) 1-4
62. Bausserman M., and Michail S. The use of Lactobacillus GG in irritable bowel syndrome in children: a double-blind randomized control trial. J Pediatr 147 2 (2005) 197-201
63. Banaszkiewicz A., and Szajewska H. Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus GG as an adjunct to lactulose for the treatment of constipation in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. J Pediatr 146 3 (2005) 364-369
64. Savino F., Pelle E., Palumeri E., et al. Lactobacillus reuteri (American Type Culture Collection Strain 55730) versus simethicone in the treatment of infantile colic: a prospective randomized study. Pediatrics 119 (2007) 124-130
65. Weston S., Halbert A., Richmond P., et al. Effects of probiotics on atopic dermatitis: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child 90 9 (2005) 892-897
66. Prescott S.L., Dunstan J.A., Hale J., et al. Clinical effects of probiotics are associated with increased interferon-gamma responses in very young children with atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 35 12 (2005) 1557-1564
67. Rosenfeldt V., Benfeldt E., Valerius N.H., et al. Effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and small intestinal permeability in children with atopic dermatitis. J Pediatr 145 5 (2004) 612-616
68. Viljanen M., Savilahti E., Haahtela T., et al. Probiotics in the treatment of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome in infants: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Allergy 60 4 (2005) 494-500
69. Sistek D., Kelly R., Wickens K., et al. The effect of probiotics on atopic dermatitis confined to food sensitized children?. Clin Exp Allergy 36 5 (2006) 629-633
70. Passeron T., Lacour J.P., Fontas E., et al. Prebiotics and synbiotics: two promising approaches for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children above 2 years. Allergy 61 (2006) 431-437
71. Kallomaki M., Salminen S., Arvilommi H., et al. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 357 9262 (2001) 1076-1079
72. Taylor A.L., Dunstan J.A., and Prescott S.L. Probiotic supplementation for the first six months of life fails to reduce the risk of atopic dermatitis and increases the risk of allergen sensitization in high-risk children: a randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 119 1 (2007) 184-191
73. Weber G., Adamczyk A., and Freytag S. [Treatment of acne with a yeast preparation]. Fortschr Med 107 26 (1989) 563-566 [in German]
74. Saavedra J.M., Abi-Hanna A., Moore N., et al. Long-term consumption of infant formulas containing live probiotic bacteria: tolerance and safety. Am J Clin Nutr 79 2 (2004) 261-267
75. Krasse P., Carlsson B., Dahl C., et al. Decreased gum bleeding and reduced gingivitis by the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Swed Dent J 30 2 (2006) 55-60
76. Bousvaros A., Guandalini S., Baldassano R.N., et al. A randomized double-blind trial of Lactobacillus GG versus placebo in addition to standard maintenance therapy for children with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 11 (2005) 833-839
77. DeGroote M.A., Frank D., Dowell E., et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a child with short gut syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 24 3 (2005) 278-280
78. Srinivasan R., Meyer R., Padmanabhan R., et al. Clinical safety of Lactobacillus casei shirota as a probiotic in critically ill children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 42 (2006) 171-173
79. Hammerman C., Kaplan M., and Bin-Nun A. Safety of probiotics: comparison of two popular strains. BMJ 333 7576 (2006) 1006-1008
80. ConsumerLab.com. Product review: probiotic supplements. Available at: http://www.consumerlab.com/results/probiotics.asp. Accessed May 1, 2007.
81. Activia by Dannon: scientific Review for Health Professionals. Available at: http://www.activia.com/healthcare.asp. Accessed August 27, 2008.