Tectonic evolution of the upper allochthon of the Órdenes complex (northwestern Iberian Massif): Structural constraints to a polyorogenic peri-Gondwanan terrane

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 423, Issue , 2007, Pages 315-332

  Barreiro, Juan Gómez ^a   Catalán, José R Martínez ^b   Arenas, Ricardo ^c   Castiñeiras, Pedro ^c   Abati, Jacobo ^c   García, Florentino Díaz ^d   Wijbrans, Jan R ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SALAMANCA   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OVIEDO   (Spain)

^e VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Gondwana; Polyorogenic terrane; Tectonics; Variscan orogeny

Indexed keywords

GEOCHRONOLOGY; GEODYNAMICS; TECTONICS;

CRUSTAL THICKENINGS; GONDWANA; METAMORPHIC EVENTS; POLYOROGENIC TERRANE; STRUCTURAL CONSTRAINTS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONO-THERMAL EVENT; VARISCAN OROGENIES;

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

ACCRETION; ALLOCHTHON; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; CRUSTAL THICKENING; EMPLACEMENT; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GEODYNAMICS; GONDWANA; HERCYNIAN OROGENY; MAGMATISM; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; PETROLOGY; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; SUBDUCTION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TERRANE;

IBERIAN MASSIF;

EID: 36549053009     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2007.2423(15)     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (130)

1. Abalos, B., 1997, Omphacite fabric variation in the Cabo Ortegal eclogite (NW Spain): Relationships with strain symmetry during high-pressure deformation: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 19, p. 621-637, doi: 10.1016/ S0191-8141(97)00001-1.
2. Abalos, B., and Aranguren, A., 1998, Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of eclogites: Mineralogical origin and correlation with the tectonic fabric (Cabo Ortegal, Spain): Geodinamica Acta, v. 11, p. 271-283, doi: 10.1016/S0985-3111(99)80017-5.
3. Abalos, B., Azcárraga, J., Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., Mendía, M., and Santos Zal- duegui, J.F., 1996, Flow stress, strain rate and effective viscosity evaluation in a high-pressure metamorphic nappe (Cabo Ortegal, Spain): Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 14, p. 227-248.
4. Abati, J., 2002, Petrología metamórfica y geocronología de la unidad culminante del Complejo de órdenes en la región de Carballo (Galicia, NW del Macizo Ibérico): La Coruña, Spain, Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe, Nova Terra, v. 20, 269 p.
5. Abati, J., Dunning, G.R., Arenas, R., Díaz García, F., González Cuadra, P., Martínez Catalán, J.R., and Andonaegui, P., 1999, Early Ordovician orogenic event in Galicia (NW Spain): Evidence from U-Pb ages in the uppermost unit of the órdenes complex: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 165, p. 213-228, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00268-4.
6. Abati, J., Arenas, R., Martínez Catalán, J.R., and Díaz García, F., 2003, Anticlockwise P-T path of granulites from the Monte Castelo gabbro (órdenes complex, NW Spain): Journal of Petrology, v. 44, p. 305-327, doi: 10.1093/petrology/44.2.305.
7. Andonaegui, P., González del Tánago, J., Arenas, R., Abati, J., Martínez Catalán, J.R., Peinado, M., and Díaz García, F., 2002, Tectonic setting of the Monte Castelo gabbro (Órdenes complex, northwestern Iberian Massif): Evidence for an arc-related terrane in the hanging wall to the Variscan suture, in Martínez Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Díaz García, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Late Paleozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 37-56.
8. Araújo, A., and Ribeiro, A., 1997, Estrutura dos domínios meridionais da Zona de Ossa-Morena, in A. Araújo, A., and Pereira, M.F., eds., Estudos de Geologia da Zona de Ossa-Morena (Macico Ibérico), Livro de homena- gem ao Profesor Francisco Goncalves: évora, Portugal, p. 169-182.
9. Arenas, R., 1991, Opposite P, T, t paths of Hercynian metamorphism between the upper units of the Cabo Ortegal complex and their substratum (northwest of the Iberian Massif): Tectonophysics, v. 191, p. 347-364, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(91)90067-3.
10. Arenas, R., and Martínez Catalán, J.R., 1993, High-pressure and high-temperature metabasites from the Sobrado antiform (northwest of the Iberian Massif, Spain). A petrologic and field study in a granulite-eclogite transition zone: Terra abstracts, Abstract supplement 4 to Terra Nova, v. 5, p. 1.
11. Arenas, R., and Martínez Catalán, J.R., 2002, Prograde development of corona textures in metagabbros of the Sobrado window (órdenes complex, NW Iberian Massif), in Martínez Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Díaz García, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Late Paleozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 73-88.
12. Arenas, R., Martínez Catalán, J.R., Sánchez Martínez, S., Díaz García, F., Abati, J., and Fernández-Suárez, J., 2004, Ofiolitas paleozoicas de la sutura varisca de Galicia (NW del Macizo Ibérico, España): distribución, características y significado, in Pereira, E.S., Castroviejo, R., and Ortiz, F., eds., Complejos ofiolíticos en Iberoamérica. Guías de prospección para metales preciosos: Madrid, Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo, p. 203-230.
13. Arenas, R., Martínez Catalán, J.R., Sánchez Martínez, S., Díaz García, F., Abati, J., Fernández-Suárez, J., Andonaegui, P., and Gómez Barreiro, J., 1997, Paleozoic ophiolites in the Variscan suture of Galicia (northwest Spain): Distribution, characteristics and meaning, in Hatcher, R.D., Jr., Carlson, M.P., McBride, J.H., and Martínez Catalán, J.R., eds., 4-D framework of continental crust: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 200, doi: 10.1130/2007.1200(00).
14. Avigad, D., Kolodner, K., McWilliams, M., Persing, H., and Weissbrod, T., 2003, Origin of northern Gondwana Cambrian sandstone revealed by detrital zircon SHRIMP dating: Geology, v. 31, p. 227-230, doi: 10.1130/0091- 7613(2003)031<0227:OONGCS>2.0.CO;2.
15. Belka, Z., Valverde-Vaquero, P., Dörr, W., Ahrendt, H., Wemmer, K., Franke, W., and Schäfer, J., 2002, Accretion of first Gondwana-derived terranes at the margin of Baltica, in Winchester, J.A., Pharaoh, T.C., and Verniers, J., eds., Palaeozoic amalgamation of central Europe: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 201, p. 19-36.
16. Bellido, F., Brandle, J.L., Lasala, M., and Reyes, J., 1992, Consideraciones petrológicas y cronológicas sobre las rocas graníticas hercínicas de Galicia: Cuadernos do Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe, v. 17, p. 241-261.
17. Caby, R., 1989, Precambrian terranes of Benin-Nigeria and northeast Brazil and the Late Proterozoic south Atlantic fit, in Dallmeyer, R.D., ed., Terranes in the circum-Atlantic Paleozoic orogens: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 230, p. 145-158.
18. Capdevila, R., and Vialette, Y., 1970, Estimation radiométrique de l'âge de la deuxisme phase tectonique hercynienne en Galice Moyenne (Nord-Ouest de l'Espagne): Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, v. 270, p. 2527-2530.
19. Castiñeiras, P., 2003, Origen y evolución tectonotermal de las unidades de O Pino y Cariño (Complejos Alóctonos de Galicia) [Ph.D. thesis]: Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 281 p.
20. Cawood, P.A., Van Gool, J.A.M., and Dunning, G.R., 1995, Collisional tectonics along the Laurentian margin of the Newfoundland Appalachians, in Hibbard, J.P., Van Staal, C.R., and Cawood, P.A., eds., Current perspectives in the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen: St. John's, Newfoundland, Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 41, p. 283-301.
21. Cocks, L.R.M., and Fortey, R.A., 1988, Lower Palaeozoic facies and faunas around Gondwana, in Audley-Charles, M.G., and Hallam, A., eds., Gond- wana and the Tethys: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 37, p. 183-200.
22. Crowley, Q.G., Floyd, P.A., Stedrá, V., Winchester, J.A., Kachlík, V., and Holland, J.G., 2002, The Mariánské- Lázne complex, NW Bohemian Massif: Development and destruction of an early Palaeozoic seaway, in Winchester, J.A., Pharaoh, T.C., and Verniers, J., eds., Palaeozoic amalgamation of central Europe: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 201, p. 177-195.
23. Dallmeyer, R.D., and Tucker, R.D., 1993, U-Pb zircon age for the Lagoa augen gneiss, Morais complex, Portugal: Tectonic implications: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 150, p. 405-410.
24. Dallmeyer, R.D., Ribeiro, A., and Marques, F., 1991, Polyphase Variscan emplacement of exotic terranes (Morais and Bragança massifs) onto Iberian successions: Evidence from 40Ar/39Ar mineral ages: Lithos, v. 27, p. 133-144, doi: 10.1016/0024-4937(91)90025-G.
25. Dallmeyer, R.D., Martínez Catalán, J.R., Arenas, R., Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., Gutiérrez Alonso, G., Farias, P., Aller, J., and Bastida, F., 1997, Diachronous Variscan tectonothermal activity in the NW Iberian Massif: Evidence from 40Ar/39Ar dating of regional fabrics: Tectonophysics, v. 277, p. 307-337, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00035-8.
26. Díaz García, F., 1990, La geología del sector occidental del Complejo de órdenes (Cordillera Hercínica, NW de España): Coruña, Spain, Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe, Nova Terra, v. 3, 230 p.
27. Díaz García, F., Arenas, R., Martínez Catalán, J.R., González del Tánago, J., and Dunning, G., 1999a, Tectonic evolution of the Careón ophiolite (northwest Spain): A remnant of oceanic lithosphere in the Variscan belt: Journal of Geology, v. 107, p. 587-605, doi: 10.1086/314368.
28. Díaz García, F., Martínez Catalán, J.R., Arenas, R., and González Cuadra, P., 1999b, Structural and kinematic analysis of the Corredoiras detachment: Evidence for early Variscan orogenic extension in the órdenes complex, NW Spain: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 88, p. 337-351, doi: 10.1007/s005310050269.
29. Dunning, G.R., O'Brian, S.J., Colman-Sadd, S.P., Blackwood, R.F., Dickson, W.L., O'Neill, P., and Krogh, T.E., 1990, Silurian orogeny in the Newfoundland Appalachians: Journal of Geology, v. 98, p. 895-913.
30. Farias, P., Gallastegui, G., González-Lodeiro, F., Marquínez, J., Martín Parra, L.M., Martínez Catalán, J.R., de Pablo Maciá, J.G., and Rodríguez Fernández, L.R., 1987, Aportaciones al conocimiento de la litoestrati- grafía y estructura de Galicia Central: Memórias da Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, v. 1, p. 411-431.
31. Fernández-Suárez, J., Gutiérrez-Alonso, G., Jenner, G.A., and Tubrett, M.N., 1999, Crustal sources in Lower Paleozoic rocks from NW Iberia: Insights from laser ablation U-Pb ages of detrital zircons: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 156, p. 1065-1068.
32. Fernández-Suárez, J., Gutiérrez-Alonso, G., Jenner, G.A., and Tubrett, M.N., 2000, New ideas on the Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic evolution of NW Iberia: Insights from U-Pb detrital zircon ages: Precambrian Research, v. 102, p. 185-206, doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00065-6.
33. Fernández-Suárez, J., Gutiérrez-Alonso, G., Cox, R., and Jenner, G.A., 2002a, Assembly of the Armorica microplate: A strike-slip terrane delivery? Evidence from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons: Journal of Geology, v. 110, p. 619-626, doi: 10.1086/341760.
34. Fernández-Suárez, J., Gutiérrez Alonso, G., and Jeffries, T.E., 2002b, The importance of along-margin terrane transport in northern Gondwana: Insights from detrital zircon parentage in Neoproterozoic rocks from Iberia and Brittany: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 204, p. 75-88, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00963-9.
35. Fernández-Suárez, J., Corfu, F., Arenas, R., Marcos, A., Martínez Catalán, J.R., Díaz García, F., Abati, J., and Fernández, F.J., 2002c, U-Pb evidence for a polyorogenic evolution of the HP-HT units of the NW Iberian Massif: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrolology, v. 143, p. 236-253, doi: 10.1007/s00410-001-0337-2.
36. Fernández-Suárez, J., Díaz García, F., Jeffries, T.E., Arenas, R., and Abati, J., 2003, Constraints on the provenance of the uppermost allochthonous ter- rane of the NW Iberian Massif: Inferences from detrital zircon U-Pb ages: Terra Nova, v. 15, p. 138-144, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3121.2003.00479.x.
37. Fernández-Suárez, J., Arenas, R., Abati, J., Martínez Catalán, J.R., Whitehouse, M.J., and Jeffries, T.E., 2007, U-Pb chronometry of polymetamorphic high-pressure granulites: An example from the allochthonous terranes of the NW Iberian Variscan belt, in Hatcher, R.D., Jr., Carlson, M.P., McBride, J.H., and Martínez Catalán, J.R., eds., 4-D framework of continental crust: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 200, doi: 10.1130/2007.1200(00).
38. Floor, P., 1966, Petrology of an aegirine-riebeckite gneiss-bearing part of the Hesperian Massif: The Galiñeiro and sourrounding areas, Vigo, Spain: Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, v. 36, p. 1-203.
39. Fonseca, P.E., 1997, Domínios meridionais da Zona de Ossa-Morena e limites com a Zona Sul Portuguesa: metamorfismo de alta pressáo relacionado com a sutura Varisca Ibérica, in Araújo, A., and Pereira, M.F., eds., Estudos sobre a Geologia da Zona de Ossa-Morena (Maciço Ibérico), Livro de homenagem ao Profesor Francisco Gonçalves: évora, Portugal, p. 133-168.
40. Fonseca, P.E., Munhá, J., Pedro, J., Rosas, F., Moita, P., Araújo, A., and Leal, N., 1999, Variscan ophiolites and high-pressure metamorphism in southern Iberia: Ofioliti, v. 24, p. 259-268.
41. Franke, W., 2000, The mid-European segment of the Variscides: Tectonostrati- graphic units, terrane boundaries and plate tectonic evolution, in Franke, W., Haak, V., Oncken, O., and Tanner, D., eds., Orogenic processes: Quantification and modelling in the Variscan belt: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 179, p. 35-61.
42. Franke, W., and Zelazniewicz, A., 2000, The eastern termination of the Varisci- des: Terrane correlation and kinematic evolution, in Franke, W., Haak, V., Oncken, O., and Tanner, D., eds., Orogenic processes: Quantification and modelling in the Variscan belt: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 179, p. 63-86.
43. Franke, W., and Zelazniewicz, A., 2002, Structure and evolution of the Bohemian arc, in Winchester, J.A., Pharaoh, T.C., and Verniers, J., eds., Palaeozoic amalgamation of central Europe: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 201, p. 279-293.
44. Friedl, G., Finger, F., McNaughton, N.J., and Fletcher, I.R., 2000, Deducing the ancestry of terranes: SHRIMP evidence for South America-derived Gondwana fragments in central Europe: Geology, v. 28, p. 1035-1038, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)028<1035:DTAOTS>2.3.CO;2.
45. Friedl, G., Finger, F., Paquette, J.L., von Quadt, A., McNaughton, N.J., and Fletcher, I.R., 2004, Pre-Variscan geological events in the Austrian part of the Bohemian Massif deduced from U-Pb zircon ages: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 93, p. 802-823, doi: 10.1007/s00531-004-0420-9.
46. Galán, G., and Marcos, A., 1997, Geochemical evolution of high-pressure mafic granulites from the Bacariza formation (Cabo Ortegal complex, NW Spain): An example of a heterogeneous lower crust: Geologische Rundschau, v. 86, p. 539-555, doi: 10.1007/s005310050162.
47. García Garzón, J., de Pablo Maciá, J.G., and Llamas Borrajo, J.F., 1981, Edades absolutas obtenidas mediante el método Rb/Sr en dos cuerpos de ortoneises en Galicia Occidental: Boletín Geológico y Minero, v. 92, p. 463-466.
48. Gates, A.E., Simpson, C., and Glover, L., III, 1986, Appalachian Carboniferous dextral strike-slip faults: An example from Brookneal, Virginia: Tectonics, v. 5, p. 119-133.
49. Gebauer, D., 1993, Intra-grain zircon dating within the Iberian Massif: Ollo de Sapo augengneisses, bimodal gneisses from the Massif de Guilleries (Girona), graywacke of the Tentudía Group (Serie Negra, SW Spain) and the HP/HT-rock association at Cabo Ortegal (Galicia): évora, Portugal: Comunicações da XII Reunião de Geologia do Oeste Peninsular, Univer- sidade de évora, v. 2, p. 41-46.
50. Gee, D.G., and Sturt, B.A., 1985, Scandinavian Caledonides, tectonostrati- graphic map, in Gee, D.E., and Sturt, B.A., eds., The Caledonide orogen- Scandinavia and related areas: New York, John Wiley & Sons.
51. Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., Mendia, M., Girardeau, J., and Peucat, J.J., 1990, Petrology of eclogites and clinopyroxene-garnet metabasites from the Cabo Ortegal complex (northwestern Spain): Lithos, v. 25, p. 133-162, doi: 10.1016/0024-4937(90)90011-O.
52. Girardeau, J., and Gil-Ibarguchi, I., 1991, Pyroxenite-rich peridotites of the Cabo Ortegal complex (northwestern Spain): Evidence for large-scale upper-mantle heterogeneity: Journal of Petrology, v. 32, Special Lherzo- lites Issue, p. 135-154.
53. Gómez Barreiro, J., 2003, Caracterización cinemática del contacto inferior de la Unidad de Fornás (Complejo de órdenes, NO del Macizo Ibérico) [Ms. thesis]: Salamanca, Spain, Universidad de Salamanca, 121 pp.
54. Gómez Barreiro, J., 2004, La Unidad de Fornás: Evolución tectonometamórfica del SO del Complejo de órdenes [Ph.D. thesis]: Salamanca, Spain, Universidad de Salamanca, 294 p.
55. Gómez Barreiro, J., Martínez Catalán, J.R., Arenas, R., and Díaz García, F., 2002, Caracterización cinemática del contacto inferior de la unidad de Fornás (Complejo de órdenes, NW del Macizo Ibérico): Studia Geologica Salmanticensia, v. 38, p. 105-127.
56. Gómez Barreiro, J., Wijbrans, J.R., Castiñeiras, P., Martínez Catalán, J.R., Arenas, R., Díaz García, F., and Abati, J., 2006, 40Ar/39Ar laserprobe dating of mylonitic fabrics in a polyorogenic terrane of NW Iberia: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 163, p. 61-73, doi: 10.1144/0016764905-012.
57. González Cuadra, P., 2005, La Unidad de Corredoiras (Complejo de órdenes, Galicia): Evolución estructural y metamórfica [Ph.D. thesis]: Salamanca, Spain, Universidad de Salamanca, 254 p.
58. Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuis, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolf- schoten, T., Veizer, J., and Wilson, D., 2004, A geologic time scale 2004: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 589 p.
59. Hargraves, R.B., Dawson, E.M., and Van Houten, F.B., 1987, Palaeomagne- tism and age of mid-Palaeozoic ring complexes in Niger, west Africa, and tectonic implications: Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 90, p. 705-729.
60. Hatcher, R.D., Jr., 2002, Alleghanian (Appalachian) orogeny, a product of zipper tectonics: Rotational, transpressive continent-continent collision and closing of ancient oceans along irregular margins, in Martínez Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Jr., Arenas, R., and Díaz García, F., eds., Variscan- Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Late Paleozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 199-208.
61. Hegner, E., and Kröner, A., 2000, Review of Nd isotopic data and xenocrystic and detrital zircon ages from the pre-Variscan basement in the eastern Bohemian Massif: Speculations on palinspastic reconstructions, in Franke, W., Haak, V., Oncken, O., and Tanner, D., eds., Orogenic processes, quantification and modelling in the Variscan belt: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 179, p. 113-130.
62. Hepburn, J.C., Dunning, G.R., and Hon, R., 1995, Geochronology and regional tectonic implications of Silurian deformation in the Nashoba terrane, southeastern New England, U.S.A., in Hibbard, J.P., Van Staal, C.R., and Cawood, P.A., eds., Current perspectives in the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen: St. John's, Newfoundland, Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 41, p. 349-366.
63. Holdaway, M.J., 1971, Stability of andalusite and the aluminum silicate phase diagram: American Journal of Science, v. 271, p. 97-131.
64. Hubregtse, J.J.M.W., 1973, Petrology of the Mellid area, a Precambrian polymetamorphic rock complex, Galicia, N.W. Spain: Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, v. 49, p. 9-31.
65. Iglesias Ponce de León, M., and Choukroune, P., 1980, Shear zones in the Iberian arc: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 2, p. 63-68, doi: 10.1016/0191- 8141(80)90035-8.
66. Julivert, M., Fontboté, J.M., Ribeiro, A., and Conde, L., 1972, Mapa Tectónico de la Península Ibérica y Baleares, Escala 1: 1.000.000: Madrid, Spain, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España.
67. Kent, D.V., Dia, O., and Sougy, J.M.A., 1984, Paleomagnetism of Lower-Middle Devonian and Upper Proterozoic-Cambrian(?) rocks from Mejeria (Mauritania, west Africa), in Van der Voo, R., Scotese, C.R., and Bon- hommet, N., eds., Plate reconstruction from Paleozoic paleomagnetism: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union Geodynamics Series 12, p. 99-115.
68. Kuijper, R.P., 1980, Precambrian U-Pb zircon ages from western Galicia (NW Spain): Earth Sciences Review, v. 16, p. 313-316, doi: 10.1016/00128252(80) 90051-3.
69. Lancelot, J.R., Allegret, A., and Iglesias-Ponce de León, M., 1985, Outline of Upper Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic evolution of the Iberian Peninsula according to U-Pb dating of zircons: Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters, v. 74, p. 325-337.
70. Leal, N., Pedro, J., Moita, P., Fonseca, P., Araújo, A., and Munhá, J., 1996, Metamorfismo dos sectores meridionais da Zona de Ossa-Morena: actual- ização de conhecimentos, in A. Araújo, A., and Pereira, M.F., eds., Estudos de Geologia da Zona de Ossa-Morena (Maciço Ibérico), Livro de hom- enagem ao Profesor Francisco Goncalves: évora, Portugal, p. 119-132.
71. Ledru, P., Costa, S., and Echtler, H., 1994, The Massif Central, structure, in Keppie, J.D., ed., Pre-Mezozoic geology in France and related areas, Part III: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 305-323.
72. Lefort, J.P., 1989, Basement correlation across the north Atlantic: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 148 p.
73. Llana-Fúnez, S., and Marcos, A., 2001, The Malpica-Lamego line: A major crustal-scale shear zone in the Variscan belt of Iberia: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 23, p. 1015-1030, doi: 10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00173-5.
74. Loizenbauer, J., Wallbrecher, E., Fritz, H., Neumayr, P., Khudeir, A.A., and Kloetzli, U., 2001, Structural geology, single zircon ages and fluid inclusion studies of the Meatiq metamorphic core complex: Implications for Neoproterozoic tectonics in the Eastern Desert of Egypt: Precambrian Research, v. 110, p. 357-383, doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00176-0.
75. Marcos, A., Farias, P., Galán, G., Fernández, F.J., and Llana-Fúnez, S., 2002, Tectonic framework of the Cabo Ortegal complex: A slab of lower crust exhumed in the Variscan orogen (northwestern Iberian Peninsula), in Martínez Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Díaz García, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Late Paleozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 125-142.
76. Martínez Catalán, J.R., Arenas, R., Díaz García, F., Rubio Pascual, F.J., Abati, J., and Marquínez, J., 1996, Variscan exhumation of a subducted Paleozoic continental margin: The basal units of the órdenes complex, Galicia: NW Spain: Tectonics, v. 15, p. 106-121, doi: 10.1029/95TC02617.
77. Martínez Catalán, J.R., Arenas, R., Díaz García, F., and Abati, J., 1997, Variscan acretionary complex of northwest Iberia: Terrane correlation and succession of tectonothermal events: Geology, v. 25, p. 1103-1106, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<1103: VACONI>2.3.CO;2.
78. Martínez Catalán, J.R., Arenas, R., Díaz García, F., and Abati, J., 1999, Alloch- thonous units in the Variscan belt of NW Iberia. Terranes and accretionary history, in Sinha, A.K., ed., Basement tectonics 13: Dordrecht, Kluwer, p. 65-84.
79. Martínez Catalán, J.R., Díaz García, F., Arenas, R., Abati, J., Castiñeiras, P., González Cuadra, P., Gómez Barreiro, J., and Rubio Pascual, F., 2002, Thrust and detachment systems in the órdenes complex (northwestern Spain): Implications for the Variscan-Appalachian geodynamics, in Martínez Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Díaz García, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Late Paleozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 163-182.
80. Martínez Catalán, J.R., Fernández-Suárez, J., Jenner, G.A., Belousova, E., and Díez Montes, A., 2004, Provenance constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb ages in the NW Iberian Massif: Implications for Paleozoic plate configuration and Variscan evolution: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 161, p. 461-473.
81. Martínez Catalán, J.R., Arenas, R., Díaz García, F., Gómez Barreiro, J., Gónza- lez Cuadra, P., Abati, J., Castiñeiras, P., Fernández-Suárez, J., Sánchez Martínez, S., Andonaegui, P., Gónzalez Clavijo, E., Díez Montes, A., Rubio Pascual, F.J., and Valle Aguado, B., 2007, Space and time in the tectonic evolution of the northwestern Iberian Massif. Implications for the comprehension of the Variscan belt, in Hatcher, R.D., Jr., Carlson, M.P., McBride, J.H., and Martínez Catalán, J.R., eds., 4-D framework of continental crust: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 200, doi: 10.1130/2007.1200(00).
82. Matte, Ph., and Capdevila, R., 1978, Tectonique en grands plis couchés et plissements superposés d'âge hercynien dans la série de órdenes-Betan- zos (Galice Occidentale): Coruña, Spain: Cuadernos del Seminario de Estudios Cerámicos de Sargadelos, v. 27, p. 193-201.
83. Mendia Aranguren, M.S., 2000, Petrología de la Unidad Eclogítica del Complejo de Cabo Ortegal (NW de España): La Coruña, Spain, Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe, Nova Terra, v. 16, 424 p.
84. Murphy, J.B., Fernández-Suárez, J., Keppie, J.D., and Jeffries, T.E., 2004, Contiguous rather than discrete Paleozoic histories for the Avalon and Meguma terranes based on detrital zircon data: Geology, v. 32, p. 585-588, doi: 10.1130/G20351.1.
85. Neubauer, F., Hoinkes, G., Sassi, F.P., Handler, R., Höck, V., Koller, F., and Frank, W., 1999, Pre-Alpine metamorphism of the eastern Alps: Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, v. 79, p. 41-62.
86. Neuman, R.B., and Max, M.D., 1989, Penobscottian-Grampian-Finnmarkian orogenies as indicators of terrane linkages, in Dallmeyer, R.D., ed., Ter- ranes in the circum-Atlantic Paleozoic orogens: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 230, p. 31-45.
87. Ordóñez Casado, B., Gebauer, D., Schäfer, H.J., Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., and Peucat, J.J., 2001, A single Devonian subduction event for the HP/HT metamor- phism of the Cabo Ortegal complex within the Iberian Massif: Tectono-physics, v. 332, p. 359-385, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00210-9.
88. Ortega, L.A., Carracedo, M., Larrea, F.J., and Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., 1996, Geochemistry and tectonic environment of volcanosedimentary rocks from the Ollo de Sapo Formation (Iberian Massif, Spain), in Demaiffe, D., ed., Petrology and geochemistry of magmatic suites of rocks in the continental and oceanic crusts: Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles, p. 277-290.
89. Paris, F., and Robardet, M., 1990, Early Paleozoic paleobiogeography of the Variscan regions: Tectonophysics, v. 177, p. 193-213, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90281-C.
90. Peacock, S.M., 1990, Numerical simulation of metamorphic pressure-temperature-time paths and fluid production in subducting slabs: Tectonics, v. 9, p. 1197-1211.
91. Peacock, S.M., 1991, Numerical simulation of subduction zone pressure-temperature-time paths: Constraints on fluid production and arc magmatism: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, v. A335, p. 341-353.
92. Peucat, J.J., Bernard-Griffiths, J., Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., Dallmeyer, R.D., Menot, R.P., Cornichet, J., and Iglesias Ponce de León, M., 1990, Geochemi- cal and geochronological cross section of the deep Variscan crust: The Cabo Ortegal high-pressure nappe (northwestern Spain): Tectonophysics, v. 177, p. 263-292, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90285-G.
93. Pin, C., Ortega Cuesta, L.A., and Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., 1992, Mantle-derived, early Paleozoic A-type metagranitoids from the NW Iberian Massif: Nd isotope and trace-element constraints: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, v. 163, p. 483-494.
94. Pin, C., Paquette, J.L., Santos Zalduegui, J.F., and Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., 2002, Early Devonian supra-subduction zone ophiolite related to incipient col- lisional processes in the western Variscan belt: The Sierra de Careón unit, órdenes complex, Galicia, in Martínez Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Díaz García, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Late Paleozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 57-72.
95. Ploquin, A., and Santallier, D., 1994, The Massif Central, igneous activity, Caledono-Hercynian magmatism in the French Massif Central. Introduction, in Keppie, J.D., ed., Pre-Mezozoic geology in France and related areas, Part III: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 341-343.
96. Rey, P., Burg, J.P., and Casey, M., 1997, The Scandinavian Caledonides and their relationship to the Variscan belt, in Burg, J.P., and Ford, M., eds., Orogeny through time: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 121, p. 179-200.
97. Ribeiro, A., Pereira, E., and Dias, R., 1990, Central-Iberian zone. Allochtho- nous sequences. Structure in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in Dallmeyer, R.D., and Martínez García, E., eds., Pre-Mesozoic geology of Iberia: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 220-236.
98. Ries, A.C., 1979, Variscan metamorphism and K-Ar dates in the Variscan fold belt of S Brittany and NW Spain: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 136, p. 89-103.
99. Robardet, M., 2002, Alternative approach to the Variscan belt of southwestern Europe: Preorogenic paleobiogeographical constraints, in Martínez Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Díaz García, F., eds., Variscan- Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Late Paleozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 1-15.
100. Robardet, M., 2003, The Armorica "microplate": Fact or fiction? Critical review of the concept and contradictory paleobiogeographical data: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 195, p. 125-148, doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00305-5.
101. Robardet, M., Paris, F., and Racheboeuf, P.R., 1990, Paleogeographic evolution of southwestern Europe during Early Paleozoic times, in McKerrow, W.S., and Scotese, C.R., eds., Paleozoic palaeogeography and biogeogra- phy: London, Geological Society of London Memoir 12, p. 411-419.
102. Roberts, D., and Gee, D.G., 1985, An introduction to the structure of the Scandinavian Caledonides, in Gee, D.E., and Sturt, B.A., eds., The Caledonide orogen-Scandinavia and related areas: New York, John Wiley &Sons, p. 55-68.
103. Rocci, G., Bronner, G., and Deschamps, M., 1991, Crystalline basement of the west African craton, in Dallmeyer, R.D., and Lécorché, J.P., eds., The west African orogens and circum-Atlantic correlatives: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 31-61.
104. Rodríguez, J., Cosca, M.A., Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., and Dallmeyer, R.D., 2003, Strain partitioning and preservation of 40Ar/39Ar ages during Variscan exhumation of a subducted crust (Malpica-Tui complex, NW Spain): Lithos, v. 70, p. 111-139, doi: 10.1016/S0024-4937(03)00095-1.
105. Roger, F., and Matte, Ph., 2005, Early Variscan HP metamorphism in the
106. Rolet, J., Gresselin, F., Jegouzo, P., Ledru, P., and Wyns, R., 1994, Intraconti- nental Hercynian events in the Armorican Massif, structure and metamor- phism, the Variscan orogeny in the Armorican Massif, in Keppie, J.D., ed., Pre-Mesozoic geology in France and related areas: Berlin, SpringerVerlag, p. 195-219.
107. Sánchez Martínez, S., Arenas, R., Andonaegui, P., Martínez Catalán, J.R., and Pearce, J.A., (2007), Geochemistry of two associated ophiolites from the Cabo Ortegal complex (Variscan belt of northwest Spain), in Hatcher, R.D., Jr., Carlson, M.P., McBride, J.H., and Martínez Catalán, J.R., eds., 4-D framework of continental crust: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 200, doi: 10.1130/2007.1200(00).
108. Santallier, D., Lardeaux, J.M., Marchand, J., and Marignac, Ch., 1994, The Massif Central, metamorphism, in Keppie, J.D., ed., Pre-Mezozoic geology in France and related areas, Part III: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 324-340.
109. Santos, J.F., Schärer, U., Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., and Girardeau, J., 2002, Genesis of pyroxenite-rich peritotite at Cabo Ortegal (NW Spain): Geochemical and Pb-Sr-Nd isotope data: Journal of Petrology, v. 43, p. 17-43, doi: 10.1093/petrology/43.1.17.
110. Santos Zalduegui, J.F., Schärer, U., and Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., 1995, Isotope constraints on the age and origin of magmatism and metamorphism in the Malpica-Tuy allochthon, Galicia, NW-Spain: Chemical Geology, v. 121, p. 91-103, doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(94)00123-P.
111. Santos Zalduegui, J.F., Schärer, U., Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., and Girardeau, J., 1996, Origin and evolution of the Paleozoic Cabo Ortegal ultramafic-mafic complex (NW Spain): U-Pb, Rb-Sr and Pb-Pb isotope data: Chemical Geology, v. 129, p. 281-304, doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(95)00144-1.
112. Schäfer, H.J., Gebauer, D., Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I., and Peucat, J.J., 1993, Ion-microprobe U-Pb zircon dating on the HP/HT Cabo Ortegal complex (Galicia, NW Spain): Preliminary results: Terra Abstracts, v. 5, no. 4, p. 22.
113. Scotese, C.R., 1984, Paleozoic paleomagnetism and the assembly of Pangea, in Van der Voo, R., Scotese, C.R., and Bonhommet, N., eds., Plate reconstruction from Paleozoic paleomagnetism: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union Geodynamic Series 12, p. 1-10.
114. Scotese, C.R., and McKerrow, W.S., 1990, Revised world maps and introduction, in McKerrow, W.S., and Scotese, C.R., eds., Paleozoic paleogeog- raphy and biogeography: London, Geological Society of London Memoir 12, p. 1-22.
115. Shelley, D., and Bossiére, G., 2000, A new model for the Hercynian orogen of Gondwanan France and Iberia: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 22, p. 757-776, doi: 10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00007-9.
116. Shelley, D., and Bossiére, G., 2002, Megadisplacements and the Hercynian oro- gen of Gondwanan France and Iberia, in Martínez Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Díaz García, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Late Paleozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 209-222.
117. Stampfli, G.M., and Borel, G.D., 2002, A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons: Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters, v. 196, p. 17-33, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00588-X.
118. Stampfli, G.M., von Raumer, J.F., and Borel, G.D., 2002, Paleozoic evolution of pre-Variscan terranes: From Gondwana to the Variscan collision, in Martínez Catalán, J.R., Hatcher, R.D., Arenas, R., and Díaz García, F., eds., Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the Late Paleozoic basement: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 364, p. 263-280.
119. Stephens, B., and Gee, D.G., 1989, Terranes and polyphase accretionary history in the Scandinavian Caledonides, in Dallmeyer, R.D. ed., Terranes in the circum-Atlantic Paleozoic orogens: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 230, p. 17-30.
120. Valverde Vaquero, P., and Dunning, G.R., 2000, New U-Pb ages for Early Ordo- vician magmatism in central Spain: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 157, p. 15-26.
121. Van Calsteren, P.W.C., Boelrijk, N.A.I.M., Hebeda, E.H., Priem, H.N.A., Den Tex, E., Verdurmen, E.A.T.H., and Verschure, R.H., 1979, Isotopic dating of older elements (including the Cabo Ortegal mafic-ultramafic complex) in the Hercynian orogen of NW Spain: Manifestations of a presumed Early Paleozoic mantle-plume: Chemical Geology, v. 24, p. 35-56, doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(79) 90011-1.
122. Vanderhaeghe, O., and Teyssier, C., 2001, Crustal-scale rheological transitions during late-orogenic collapse: Tectonophysics, v. 335, p. 211-228, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00053-1.
123. Van der Voo, R., 1982, Pre-Mesozoic paleomagnetism and plate tectonics: Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, v. 10, p. 191-220.
124. Van der Voo, R., 1988, Paleozoic paleogeography of North America, Gond- wana, and intervening displaced terranes: Comparisons of paleomagne- tism with paleoclimatology and biogeographical patterns: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 311-324, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0311: PPONAG>2.3.CO;2.
125. Van Staal, C.R., and De Roo, J.A., 1995, Mid-Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Appalachian central mobile belt in northern New Brunswick, Canada: Collision, extensional collapse and dextral transpression, in Hibbard, J.P., Van Staal, C.R., and Cawood, P.A., eds., Current perspectives in the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen: St. John's, Newfoundland, Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 41, p. 367-389.
126. Van Zuuren, A., 1969, Structural petrology of an area near Santiago de Compostela (NW Spain): Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, v. 45, p. 1-71.
127. Vialette, Y., Casquet, C., Faster, J.M., Ibarrola, E., Navidad, M., Peinado, M., and Villaseca, C., 1987, Geochronological study of orthogneisses from the Sierra de Guadarrama (Spanish central system): Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie Monatshefte, v. 10, p. 465-479.
128. Vogel, D.E., 1967, Petrology of an eclogite- and pyrigarnite-bearing polymeta- morphic rock complex at Cabo Ortegal: NW Spain: Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, v. 40, p. 121-213.
129. von Raumer, J.F., Stampfli, G.M., and Bussy, F., 2003, Gondwana-derived microcontinents-The constituents of the Variscan and Alpine colli- sional orogens: Tectonophysics, v. 365, p. 7-22, doi: 10.1016/S0040- 1951(03)00015-5.
130. Winchester, J.A., Pharaoh, T.C., and Verniers, J., 2002, Palaeozoic amalgamation of central Europe: An introduction and synthesis of new results from recent geological and geophysical investigations, in Winchester, J.A., Pharaoh, T.C., and Verniers, J., eds., Palaeozoic amalgamation of central Europe: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 201, p. 1-18.