Transnational networks, international organizations and political participation in Cambodia: Human rights, labour rights and common rights

Democratization

Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 834-852

  Hughes, Caroline ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Authoritarian; Cambodia; Environmental politics; Human rights; Labour rights; Political participation

Indexed keywords

AUTHORITARIANISM; CIVIL SOCIETY; ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS; HUMAN RIGHTS; INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION; LABOR; NEOLIBERALISM; POLITICAL PARTICIPATION;

ASIA; CAMBODIA; EURASIA; SOUTHEAST ASIA;

EID: 36549024951     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: 1743890X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510340701635688     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. See Duncan McCargo, 'Cambodia: Getting Away with Authoritarianism?' Journal of Democracy, Vol. 16, No. 4 (2005), pp. 98-112.
2. Sidney Tarrow, The New Transnational Activism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
3. Mary Kaldor, Global Civil Society, An Answer to War (Cambridge: Polity, 2003), p. 13.
4. Ibid., p. 78.
5. Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998).
6. Mark Duffield, Global Governance and the New Wars, the Merging of Development and Security (London: Zed, 2001), pp. 50-60.
7. For an overview, see Caroline Hughes and Vanessa Pupavac, 'Psychologising Post Conflict Societies, Cambodia and Bosnia Compared', Third World Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 6 (2005), pp. 873-89.
8. The World Bank estimates that, in 2004, 36 per cent of the population was living below an absolute poverty line set at US$0.46 a day. See World Bank, Cambodia, Halving Poverty by 2015? Poverty Assessment 2006 (Phnom Penh: World Bank, 2006).
9. These views were expressed in the course of in-depth interviews undertaken with 42 Cambodian human rights activists in 1995-1996. See Caroline Hughes, 'Human Rights in Cambodia: International Intervention and the National Response', PhD dissertation, University of Hull, 1998.
10. UNTAC Human Rights Component, 'Final Report', Unpublished report, September 1993, p. 10.
11. Dennis McNamara, 'Opening Statement by Dennis McNamara, Director, UNTAC Human Rights Component', Report on the International Symposium on Human Rights in Cambodia, 30 November-2 December 1992, Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, UN Doc. E/CN.4/1993/19/Add. 1, 14 Jan. 1993, Annex 2, emphasis added.
12. Michael Kirby, 'Oral Statement', delivered to the Third Committee of the General Assembly, 27 November 1995, p. 2.
13. Chea Vichea, personal interview, Phnom Penh, June 2000.
14. Chan Vuthy and Sok Hach, 'Cambodia's Garment Industry Post-ATC - Human Development Impact Assessment', Phnom Penh: Economic Institute of Cambodia and United Nations Development Programme Regional Centre in Colombo, 2007, p. 30, available at http://www.eicambodia.org/UNDP/ download/UNDP_Cambodia_Garment_Post_ATC_table_content.pdf (accessed 19 February 2007).
15. Better Factories Cambodia, 'Seventeenth Synthesis Report on Working Conditions in Cambodia's Garment Sector', Phnom Penh, 30 November 2006, p. 1, available at http://www.betterfactories.org/content/documents/1/ 17th%20Synthesis%20Report%20(en).pdf (accessed 1 December 2006).
16. Steve Hirsch, 'US Importers Support Garment Factory Monitoring', Phnom Penh Post, 29 July-11 August 2005, online edition, available at www.phnompenhpost.com (accessed 20 February 2007).
17. See for example, Lora Jo Foo and Nikki Fortunato Bas, 'Free Trade's Looming Threat to the World's Garment Workers', Sweatshop Watch Working Paper, 30 October 2003, p.8, available at http://www.sweatshopwatch.org/ media/pdf/SWtradepaper.pdf (accessed 4 December 2005).
18. Garment Sector Monitoring Project, 'Eighth Synthesis Report on the Working Conditions Situation in Cambodia's Garment Sector', February 2004, p. 6, available at http://www.betterfactories.org/content/ documents/1/8th%20Synthesis%20Report%20-%20English.pdf (accessed 1 December 2006).
19. Better Factories Cambodia, 'Fifteenth Synthesis Report on Working Conditions in Cambodia's Garment Sector', Phnom Penh, 24 October 2005, p. 1, available at http://www.betterfactories.org/ resourcedet.aspx?z=7&iddoc=61&c=1 (accessed 1 December 2006).
20. Chea Vichea, personal interview, Phnom Penh, July 2000.
21. Bruce McKenny and Prum Tola, 'Natural Resources and Rural Livelihoods in Cambodia: A Baseline Assessment', Working Paper 23, Phnom Penh: CDRI, 2002, p. 1
22. also Chan Sophal and Kim Sedara, 'Enhancing Rural Livelihoods', Cambodia Development Review, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Jan-Mar 2003), p. 2.
23. During interviews conducted in forest communities in 2003, members of forest communities referred to a long history of violent struggle that did not reach the radar of the national press during the 1990s.
24. McKenny and Tola (note 21), p. 3.
25. Patrick Alley, Paper delivered to the conference 'Cambodia: Building a Better Future', Oxford, July 1999.
26. Ibid.
27. Andrew Cock, NGO Forum, interview with the author, Phnom Penh, February 2003.
28. Michael Coren and Robert Carmichael, 'Forestry Monitor under Government Attack', Phnom Penh Post, 20 December 2002-2 January 2003, online edition, available at www.phnompenhpost.com (accessed 5 December 2006).
29. Mike Davis, 'See No Evil', Comment, Phnom Penh Post, June 18-July 1 2004, online edition, available at www.phnompenhpost.com (accessed 5 December 2006).
30. Sam Rith, 'Human Rights Workers Feel Heat after String of Threats', Phnom Penh Post, 29 July-11 August 2005, online edition, available at www.phnompenhpost.com (accessed 5 December 2006)
31. USAID, 'Cambodia: The Human Impact of Forest Conflict', 2006, available at http://www.ardinc.com/upload/photos/270Cambodia-Human_Impact.pdf (accessed 5 December 2006).
32. Inspection Panel, 'Cambodia: Forest Concession Management and Control Pilot Project, Investigation Report', Report no. 35556, 30 March 2006, available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINSPECTIONPANEL/ Resources/CAMBODIAFINAL.pdf (accessed 5 December 2006).
33. Cat Barton, 'Armed Might Helps Demonstrators Make Their Point', Phnom Penh Post, 1-14 December 2006, online edition, available at www.phnompenhpost.com (accessed 5 December 2006).