-
1
-
-
36549057709
-
-
There are many accounts of housing horrors in England in the nineteenth century and the efforts of reformers to invoke the law to protect vulnerable occupiers. Two of the most oft-quoted studies in the modern period are E. Gauldie, Cruel Habitations: A History of Working-Class Housing 1780-1918 1974
-
There are many accounts of housing horrors in England in the nineteenth century and the efforts of reformers to invoke the law to protect vulnerable occupiers. Two of the most oft-quoted studies in the modern period are E. Gauldie, Cruel Habitations: A History of Working-Class Housing 1780-1918 (1974)
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
36549081307
-
-
Contemporary accounts include E. Chadwick, Report into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain (1842) and reports produced for the newly established local Boards of Health. For a brief outline of the origins of housing standards in England and Wales,
-
Contemporary accounts include E. Chadwick, Report into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain (1842) and reports produced for the newly established local Boards of Health. For a brief outline of the origins of housing standards in England and Wales,
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
36549025342
-
-
Safety and Health at Work (1972; Cmnd. 5034; Chair, Lord Robens). The report of the Robens Committee led to the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, which was widely regarded as a model of modern late-twentieth-century regulation.
-
Safety and Health at Work (1972; Cmnd. 5034; Chair, Lord Robens). The report of the Robens Committee led to the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, which was widely regarded as a model of modern late-twentieth-century regulation.
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
36549020994
-
-
id
-
id.
-
-
-
-
10
-
-
84977409872
-
Statutory covenants of fitness and repair: Social legislation and the judges
-
J.I. Reynolds, 'Statutory covenants of fitness and repair: social legislation and the judges' (1974) 37 Modern Law Rev. 377-98.
-
(1974)
Modern Law Rev
, vol.37
, pp. 377-398
-
-
Reynolds, J.I.1
-
11
-
-
36549030727
-
-
id, at p. 377
-
id., at p. 377.
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
36549021495
-
-
id, at p. 379
-
id., at p. 379.
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
36549019442
-
-
Chadwick's influential study, op. cit., n. 1, was published the year before Smith v. Marrable (11 M. & W. 5) in which the court first decided that a tenant did not have to pay rent for furnished premises that were 'not fit for occupation'.
-
Chadwick's influential study, op. cit., n. 1, was published the year before Smith v. Marrable (11 M. & W. 5) in which the court first decided that a tenant did not have to pay rent for furnished premises that were 'not fit for occupation'.
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
36549089425
-
-
n. 3, at p
-
Hamlin, op. cit., n. 3, at p. 4.
-
-
-
Hamlin1
op2
cit3
-
16
-
-
36549001155
-
-
Housing of the Working Classes Act 1890, s. 75.
-
Housing of the Working Classes Act 1890, s. 75.
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
36549083577
-
-
Less than £20 per annum in London - based on the rate assessment made under the Poor Rate Assessment and Collection Act 1869, s. 3.
-
Less than £20 per annum in London - based on the rate assessment made under the Poor Rate Assessment and Collection Act 1869, s. 3.
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
36549026797
-
-
Contracts entered into after 1903 containing such clauses were deemed void by the Housing of the Working Classes Act 1903, s. 12.
-
Contracts entered into after 1903 containing such clauses were deemed void by the Housing of the Working Classes Act 1903, s. 12.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
36549027809
-
-
See, for example, Jones v. Green [1925] 1 K.B. 659;
-
See, for example, Jones v. Green [1925] 1 K.B. 659;
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
36549056000
-
-
Ex D 336;
-
Wilson v. Finch Hatton (1877) 2 Ex D 336;
-
(1877)
Finch Hatton
, pp. 2
-
-
Wilson1
-
21
-
-
36549001610
-
-
and Chester v. Powell (1885) 52 L.T. (NS) 722.
-
and Chester v. Powell (1885) 52 L.T. (NS) 722.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
36549019928
-
-
Ormandy and Burridge, op. cit, n. 1, at p. 61.
-
Ormandy and Burridge, op. cit, n. 1, at p. 61.
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
36549025341
-
-
Housing Repairs and Rents Act 1954, s. 9.
-
Housing Repairs and Rents Act 1954, s. 9.
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
36549067183
-
-
id
-
id.
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
36549086691
-
-
See, n. 7, at p
-
See Reynolds, op. cit., n. 7, at p. 380.
-
-
-
Reynolds1
op2
cit3
-
26
-
-
36549073593
-
-
Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, s. 8, the Standard of Fitness being repeated at s. 10.
-
Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, s. 8, the Standard of Fitness being repeated at s. 10.
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
36549061919
-
-
Housing Act 1957, s. 6.
-
Housing Act 1957, s. 6.
-
-
-
-
28
-
-
36549052527
-
-
Housing Act 1961, s. 32.
-
Housing Act 1961, s. 32.
-
-
-
-
29
-
-
36549044868
-
-
Housing Act 1988, s. 116, inserting s. 11(1A), (1B), and (3A).
-
Housing Act 1988, s. 116, inserting s. 11(1A), (1B), and (3A).
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
36549056957
-
-
Quick v. Taff-Ely B.C. [1986] Q.B. 809.
-
Quick v. Taff-Ely B.C. [1986] Q.B. 809.
-
-
-
-
31
-
-
36549018524
-
-
Reynolds, op. cit. n. 7, at p. 398 reports a study by K. Coates and R. Silburn, Poverty: The Forgotten Englishmen (1970), which found that poor tenants only complained if there were exceptionally bad conditions.
-
Reynolds, op. cit. n. 7, at p. 398 reports a study by K. Coates and R. Silburn, Poverty: The Forgotten Englishmen (1970), which found that poor tenants only complained if there were exceptionally bad conditions.
-
-
-
-
32
-
-
36549035201
-
-
Housing Act 1988, s. 20.
-
Housing Act 1988, s. 20.
-
-
-
-
33
-
-
36549074524
-
-
DoE, Housing: The Government's Proposals (1987; Cmd. 214).
-
DoE, Housing: The Government's Proposals (1987; Cmd. 214).
-
-
-
-
35
-
-
36549022505
-
HMO report confirms tenants' fears
-
See, also, 24 August
-
See, also, 'HMO report confirms tenants' fears' Environmental Health News, 24 August 2007.
-
(2007)
Environmental Health News
-
-
-
36
-
-
36549065142
-
-
Hugh Collins in Regulating Contracts (1999) has suggested that the regulatory efficacy of contract law is misunderstood and the role of contract in the regulation of markets is undervalued.
-
Hugh Collins in Regulating Contracts (1999) has suggested that the regulatory efficacy of contract law is misunderstood and the role of contract in the regulation of markets is undervalued.
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
36549002136
-
-
There has been, a wide and varied growth in the study of regulation in the past twenty years within which the present study can be placed. Many of these relate to the environment and the regulation of workplace safety and include B. Hutter, Regulation and Environment (1997);
-
There has been, a wide and varied growth in the study of regulation in the past twenty years within which the present study can be placed. Many of these relate to the environment and the regulation of workplace safety and include B. Hutter, Regulation and Environment (1997);
-
-
-
-
41
-
-
33746823265
-
Is Better Regulation Smarter Regulation?
-
R. Baldwin, 'Is Better Regulation Smarter Regulation?' (2005) Public Law 485.
-
(2005)
Public Law
, pp. 485
-
-
Baldwin, R.1
-
42
-
-
33644987295
-
-
Malcolm and Pointing have recently lamented the judicial reluctance to develop this regulatory technique as a more effective tool for environmental protection: see R. Malcolm, and J. Pointing, Statutory Nuisance: The Sanitary Paradigm and Judicial Conservatism, 2006 18 J. of Environmental Law 37-54
-
Malcolm and Pointing have recently lamented the judicial reluctance to develop this regulatory technique as a more effective tool for environmental protection: see R. Malcolm, and J. Pointing, 'Statutory Nuisance: The Sanitary Paradigm and Judicial Conservatism' (2006) 18 J. of Environmental Law 37-54.
-
-
-
-
43
-
-
36549017549
-
-
Environmental Protection Act 1990, s. 82.
-
Environmental Protection Act 1990, s. 82.
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
36549082836
-
-
See R v. Bristol CC, ex p Everett [1998] 1 W.L.R. 92.
-
See R v. Bristol CC, ex p Everett [1998] 1 W.L.R. 92.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
36549071939
-
-
Artizans and Labourers Dwellings Act 1868, s. 5.
-
Artizans and Labourers Dwellings Act 1868, s. 5.
-
-
-
-
48
-
-
36549085010
-
-
See, also, Ministry of Health
-
See, also, Ministry of Health, Rural Housing Manual (1938).
-
(1938)
Rural Housing Manual
-
-
-
49
-
-
36549069661
-
-
The original powers to purchase land and erect houses (limited to houses for the working classes) were given to local authorities in the Houses of the Working Classes Act 1890
-
The original powers to purchase land and erect houses (limited to houses for the working classes) were given to local authorities in the Houses of the Working Classes Act 1890
-
-
-
-
51
-
-
36549047397
-
-
Burnett, id, p. 137
-
Burnett, id., p. 137.
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
36549038985
-
-
In Part 1 above at p. 549.
-
In Part 1 above at p. 549.
-
-
-
-
53
-
-
36549016548
-
-
Housing Repairs and Rents Act 1954, s. 9.
-
Housing Repairs and Rents Act 1954, s. 9.
-
-
-
-
54
-
-
36549013554
-
-
See, generally, Ormandy and Burridge, op. cit., n. 1, at pp. 106 ff.
-
See, generally, Ormandy and Burridge, op. cit., n. 1, at pp. 106 ff.
-
-
-
-
55
-
-
36549078084
-
-
Housing Act 1969, s. 71.
-
Housing Act 1969, s. 71.
-
-
-
-
56
-
-
36549082338
-
-
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Circular No, para
-
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Circular No. 68/69, Appendix, para. 2.
-
68/69, Appendix
, pp. 2
-
-
-
57
-
-
36549003541
-
-
id
-
id.
-
-
-
-
58
-
-
36549069133
-
-
Housing Act 1985, s. 604 and Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, s. 8.
-
Housing Act 1985, s. 604 and Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, s. 8.
-
-
-
-
59
-
-
36549072878
-
-
DoE, Home Improvement - A New Approach (1985; Cmnd. 9513).
-
DoE, Home Improvement - A New Approach (1985; Cmnd. 9513).
-
-
-
-
60
-
-
36549016550
-
-
Local Government and Housing Act 1989, Sched. 9, para. 83.
-
Local Government and Housing Act 1989, Sched. 9, para. 83.
-
-
-
-
61
-
-
36549069663
-
-
Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, s. 8.
-
Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, s. 8.
-
-
-
-
62
-
-
36549031617
-
-
In fact, until 1972, their landlord had a swift summary procedure to obtain possession for non-payment of rent through the Magistrates' Courts. From 1972, this summary procedure was no longer available and councils could only obtain possession through the County Courts, see DoE Circular 83/72
-
In fact, until 1972, their landlord had a swift summary procedure to obtain possession for non-payment of rent through the Magistrates' Courts. From 1972, this summary procedure was no longer available and councils could only obtain possession through the County Courts, see DoE Circular 83/72.
-
-
-
-
63
-
-
36549036631
-
-
Ironically, it was this same Act that introduced the 'right to buy' which led to home-ownership increasing from 55 per cent in 1980 to 67 per cent in 1990.
-
Ironically, it was this same Act that introduced the 'right to buy' which led to home-ownership increasing from 55 per cent in 1980 to 67 per cent in 1990.
-
-
-
-
64
-
-
36548999238
-
-
R v. Cardiff CC ex p Cross (1982) 1 H.L.R. 54.
-
R v. Cardiff CC ex p Cross (1982) 1 H.L.R. 54.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
36549026798
-
-
Recognition of the problem resulted in a plethora of publications by central and local government and technical agencies: see, for example, DoE, Condensation in Dwellings (1970);
-
Recognition of the problem resulted in a plethora of publications by central and local government and technical agencies: see, for example, DoE, Condensation in Dwellings (1970);
-
-
-
-
68
-
-
36549083341
-
-
and London Borough of Southwark, Condensation Remedial Measures: A. Practical Guide (1986).
-
and London Borough of Southwark, Condensation Remedial Measures: A. Practical Guide (1986).
-
-
-
-
69
-
-
36549037570
-
-
On this, see the problems noted in Quick, op. cit., n. 25.
-
On this, see the problems noted in Quick, op. cit., n. 25.
-
-
-
-
70
-
-
36549012174
-
-
id
-
id.
-
-
-
-
71
-
-
36549087159
-
-
At that time using s. 99 of the Public Health Act 1936
-
At that time using s. 99 of the Public Health Act 1936.
-
-
-
-
73
-
-
36549064634
-
-
See H. Hodge, 'Tenants and s. 99' (1974) 124 New Law J. 1161;
-
See H. Hodge, 'Tenants and s. 99' (1974) 124 New Law J. 1161;
-
-
-
-
74
-
-
36549033217
-
Public health legislation and improvement of housing conditions
-
D. Hughes, 'Public health legislation and improvement of housing conditions' (1976) 27 Northern Ireland Legal Q. 1;
-
(1976)
Northern Ireland Legal Q
, vol.27
, pp. 1
-
-
Hughes, D.1
-
75
-
-
36549026311
-
-
D, Hughes, 'What is a nuisance?' (1976) 27 Northern Ireland Legal Q. 131;
-
D, Hughes, 'What is a nuisance?' (1976) 27 Northern Ireland Legal Q. 131;
-
-
-
-
76
-
-
36549063667
-
Public health and housing legislation
-
T. Haddon, 'Public health and housing legislation' (1976) 27 Northern Ireland Legal Q. 245;
-
(1976)
Northern Ireland Legal Q
, vol.27
, pp. 245
-
-
Haddon, T.1
-
77
-
-
36549065140
-
Housing and public health
-
and D. Hughes, 'Housing and public health' (1977) 28 Northern Ireland Legal Q. 233.
-
(1977)
Northern Ireland Legal Q
, vol.28
, pp. 233
-
-
Hughes, D.1
-
78
-
-
36549044335
-
Council v
-
H.L.R. 452. See, for example
-
See, for example, Birmingham City Council v. McMahon and others (1987) 17 H.L.R. 452.
-
(1987)
McMahon and others
, pp. 17
-
-
City, B.1
-
79
-
-
36549064149
-
-
See HMSO, op. cit., n. 34.
-
See HMSO, op. cit., n. 34.
-
-
-
-
80
-
-
36549032614
-
-
Cornish and Clark, op. cit., n. 6.
-
Cornish and Clark, op. cit., n. 6.
-
-
-
-
81
-
-
36549088052
-
-
DoE, op. cit., n. 47.
-
DoE, op. cit., n. 47.
-
-
-
-
82
-
-
36549014547
-
-
Department of the Environment Circular 6/90.
-
Department of the Environment Circular 6/90.
-
-
-
-
83
-
-
36549025833
-
Housing Tales of Law and Space
-
eds. A. Gamble and C. Wells
-
A. Stewart and R. Burridge, 'Housing Tales of Law and Space' in Thatcher's Law, eds. A. Gamble and C. Wells (1989) 79
-
(1989)
Thatcher's Law
, pp. 79
-
-
Stewart, A.1
Burridge, R.2
-
84
-
-
36549065141
-
-
also published as 1989
-
(also published as (1989) 16(1) J. of Law and Society).
-
J. of Law and Society)
, vol.16
, Issue.1
-
-
-
85
-
-
36549022019
-
-
DETR, English House Condition Survey 1996 (1998). This report also stated that '. . . deregulation can not be assumed in itself to lead to a general improvement in condition in the private rented sector' (para 7.14).
-
DETR, English House Condition Survey 1996 (1998). This report also stated that '. . . deregulation can not be assumed in itself to lead to a general improvement in condition in the private rented sector' (para 7.14).
-
-
-
-
86
-
-
0006130260
-
-
See, also, 1990s
-
See, also, A.D.H. Crook, J.M. Henneberry, and J.E.T. Hughes, Repairs and Improvements to Private Dwellings in the 1990s (1997).
-
(1997)
Repairs and Improvements to Private Dwellings in the
-
-
Crook, A.D.H.1
Henneberry, J.M.2
Hughes, J.E.T.3
-
87
-
-
36549047892
-
-
Housing Act 1988, op. cit., n. 27.
-
Housing Act 1988, op. cit., n. 27.
-
-
-
-
88
-
-
36549052108
-
-
Quick, op. cit., n. 25.
-
Quick, op. cit., n. 25.
-
-
-
-
89
-
-
36549057707
-
-
Set at £80 per annum in London and £52 p.a. elsewhere - Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, s. 58.
-
Set at £80 per annum in London and £52 p.a. elsewhere - Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, s. 58.
-
-
-
-
90
-
-
36549056956
-
-
See p. 555 above
-
See p. 555 above.
-
-
-
-
92
-
-
36549015597
-
-
Better Regulation initiative, at, accessed 22 March 2007
-
Better Regulation initiative, at 〈http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/ regulation/〉 (accessed 22 March 2007).
-
-
-
-
93
-
-
0004124305
-
-
DHSS, the Black Report
-
DHSS, Inequalities in Health (1980) (the Black Report).
-
(1980)
Inequalities in Health
-
-
-
94
-
-
36549031616
-
-
Some of these were published in R. Burridge and D. Ormandy (eds.), Unhealthy Housing: Research Remedies and Reform (1993). Papers from the 2003 conference can be accessed at 〈http://go.warwick.ac.uk/ healthyhousing〉 (accessed 29 August 2007).
-
Some of these were published in R. Burridge and D. Ormandy (eds.), Unhealthy Housing: Research Remedies and Reform (1993). Papers from the 2003 conference can be accessed at 〈http://go.warwick.ac.uk/ healthyhousing〉 (accessed 29 August 2007).
-
-
-
-
95
-
-
36549080825
-
-
The research organised by the Legal Research Institute of Warwick Law School was reported in
-
The research organised by the Legal Research Institute of Warwick Law School was reported in Monitoring the New Fitness Standard (1993).
-
(1993)
Monitoring the New Fitness Standard
-
-
-
96
-
-
36548998760
-
-
Local Government and Housing Act 1989, Sched. 9, para. 83
-
Local Government and Housing Act 1989, Sched. 9, para. 83
-
-
-
-
99
-
-
36549088054
-
-
and Building regulation and security (unpublished copy with the authors).
-
and Building regulation and security (unpublished copy with the authors).
-
-
-
-
101
-
-
36549055526
-
-
id, Appendix 1
-
id, Appendix 1.
-
-
-
-
102
-
-
36549043849
-
-
The proposal followed the findings from DETR, Housing Fitness Standard: Consultation Paper (1998).
-
The proposal followed the findings from DETR, Housing Fitness Standard: Consultation Paper (1998).
-
-
-
-
103
-
-
36549080828
-
-
Again led by the Legal Research Institute of Warwick Law School
-
Again led by the Legal Research Institute of Warwick Law School
-
-
-
-
105
-
-
36549075050
-
-
See, also, at
-
See, also, H. Carr, S. Cottle, T. Baldwin, and M. King, The Housing Act 2004 - A Practical Guide (2005) at 12.
-
(2005)
The Housing Act 2004 - A Practical Guide
, pp. 12
-
-
Carr, H.1
Cottle, S.2
Baldwin, T.3
King, M.4
-
107
-
-
36549038060
-
-
published to coincide with the debates on the Housing Bill, See, also, ODPM, Project Report - Preparation of Version 2 of the Housing Health and Safety Rating System (2004).
-
published to coincide with the debates on the Housing Bill, See, also, ODPM, Project Report - Preparation of Version 2 of the Housing Health and Safety Rating System (2004).
-
-
-
-
109
-
-
36549042390
-
-
is described at, accessed 29 August 2007
-
The system is described at 〈http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/ research/centres/shhru/hhsrs/〉 (accessed 29 August 2007).
-
The system
-
-
-
110
-
-
36549023358
-
-
Housing Health and Safety Rating System (England) Regulations 2005, and Housing Health and Safety Rating System: Operating Guidance issued under Housing Act 2004, s. 9.
-
Housing Health and Safety Rating System (England) Regulations 2005, and Housing Health and Safety Rating System: Operating Guidance issued under Housing Act 2004, s. 9.
-
-
-
-
111
-
-
36549049295
-
-
ODPM, Housing Health and Safety Rating System, Operating Guidance (2006) para. 1.07, at 〈http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/housing/ hhsrsoperating guidance〉 (accessed 29 August 2007)
-
ODPM, Housing Health and Safety Rating System, Operating Guidance (2006) para. 1.07, at 〈http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/housing/ hhsrsoperating guidance〉 (accessed 29 August 2007)
-
-
-
-
112
-
-
36549016549
-
-
Housing Act 2004, s. 1.
-
Housing Act 2004, s. 1.
-
-
-
-
113
-
-
36549018039
-
-
id., s. 3. This replaces similar duties under previous Acts - Housing Act 1985, s. 605, and the 1957 Act, s. 3.
-
id., s. 3. This replaces similar duties under previous Acts - Housing Act 1985, s. 605, and the 1957 Act, s. 3.
-
-
-
-
114
-
-
36549032743
-
-
ODPM, op. cit., n. 86, para. 1.04 is revealing: The HHSRS is evidence-based. It is supported by extensive reviews of the literature and by detailed analyses of statistical data on the impact of housing conditions on health. This evidence is summarised in the Hazard Profiles section of this Guidance and these are intended to inform professional judgement.
-
ODPM, op. cit., n. 86, para. 1.04 is revealing: The HHSRS is evidence-based. It is supported by extensive reviews of the literature and by detailed analyses of statistical data on the impact of housing conditions on health. This evidence is summarised in the Hazard Profiles section of this Guidance and these are intended to inform professional judgement.
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115
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36549085011
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id., para. 1.02. Para 3.02 states that: [the] Rating System assessment procedure requires, for each hazard, two judgements from the inspector. These are an assessment of:
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id., para. 1.02. Para 3.02 states that: [the] Rating System assessment procedure requires, for each hazard, two judgements from the inspector. These are an assessment of:
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116
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36549038987
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the likelihood, over the next twelve months, of an occurrence that could result in harm to a member of the vulnerable group; and
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(a) the likelihood, over the next twelve months, of an occurrence that could result in harm to a member of the vulnerable group; and
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117
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36549001154
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the range of potential outcomes from such an occurrence
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(b) the range of potential outcomes from such an occurrence.
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118
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36549087641
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id, para. 3.06
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id., para. 3.06.
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119
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36549062412
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The term, 'health' is defined as including mental health (Housing Act 2004, s. 2(5)) and is defined in the Operating Guidance (id.) as 'an individual's state of physical, mental and social well-being. It is not limited to the presence or absence of disease, infirmity or physical injury, but includes psychological injuries and distress.'
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The term, 'health' is defined as including mental health (Housing Act 2004, s. 2(5)) and is defined in the Operating Guidance (id.) as 'an individual's state of physical, mental and social well-being. It is not limited to the presence or absence of disease, infirmity or physical injury, but includes psychological injuries and distress.'
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120
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36549055065
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id, paras. 3.10 ff
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id., paras. 3.10 ff.
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121
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36549066580
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Defined by the Act as Category 1 and Category 2 Hazards respectively - Housing Act 2004, s. 2.
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Defined by the Act as Category 1 and Category 2 Hazards respectively - Housing Act 2004, s. 2.
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122
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36549024373
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Housing Act 2004, ss. 5-7.
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Housing Act 2004, ss. 5-7.
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123
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36549022980
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Housing Act 2004, s. 28.
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Housing Act 2004, s. 28.
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124
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36549050718
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Housing Act 2004, ss. 11-19. These replace repairs notices, Housing Act 1985, ss. 189 and 190 (as amended).
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Housing Act 2004, ss. 11-19. These replace repairs notices, Housing Act 1985, ss. 189 and 190 (as amended).
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125
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36549039954
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Housing Act 2004, ss. 20-27. These replace closing orders
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s
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Housing Act 2004, ss. 20-27. These replace closing orders, Housing Act 1985, s. 264.
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(1985)
Housing Act
, pp. 264
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-
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126
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36549057708
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Housing Act 2004, ss. 22(4).
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Housing Act 2004, ss. 22(4).
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127
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36549012639
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Housing Act 2004, ss. 14 and 23 respectively.
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Housing Act 2004, ss. 14 and 23 respectively.
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128
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36549056955
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Licensing and additional controls to deal with HMOs, outside the scope of this paper, are covered by Parts 2 and 4, Housing Act 2004.
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Licensing and additional controls to deal with HMOs, outside the scope of this paper, are covered by Parts 2 and 4, Housing Act 2004.
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129
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36549053528
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See, n. 86, para 2.04 and ch. 5
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See ODPM, op. cit., n. 86, para 2.04 and ch. 5.
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ODPM1
op2
cit3
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131
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36549023872
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Housing Act 2004, Parts 2 and 4.
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Housing Act 2004, Parts 2 and 4.
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132
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36549032745
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Similarly, although the HHSRS includes the hazard of crowding and space, central government issued e discussion paper, DCLG, Tackling Overcrowding in England (2006) which considered various approaches for specifying standards.
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Similarly, although the HHSRS includes the hazard of crowding and space, central government issued e discussion paper, DCLG, Tackling Overcrowding in England (2006) which considered various approaches for specifying standards.
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133
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36549007407
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When, the Housing Act 1.985, s. 604 was amended by the Local Government and Housing Act 1989, Sched. 9, para. 83.
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When, the Housing Act 1.985, s. 604 was amended by the Local Government and Housing Act 1989, Sched. 9, para. 83.
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134
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36549032088
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See N. Parkinson and R. Fairman, 'If it ain't broke, don't fix it' (2000) 108(10) Environmental Health J. 330.
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See N. Parkinson and R. Fairman, 'If it ain't broke, don't fix it' (2000) 108(10) Environmental Health J. 330.
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136
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36549050719
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English House Condition Surveys, 1996, 2001, and so on.
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English House Condition Surveys, 1996, 2001, and so on.
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137
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36549008087
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See note 29 above
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See note 29 above.
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